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Lozano-Sardaneta YN, Huerta H, Marquez-López Y, Contreras-Ramos A. New status of Bichromomyia subspecies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) based on molecular taxonomy. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024:tjae099. [PMID: 39255413 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjae099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
The sand fly of the genus Bichromomyia (Galati, 1995) includes 3 subspecies considered vectors of Leishmania, which share high morphological similarity. Through information from the Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) gene, we provide complementary evidence to support that Bichromomyia olmeca olmeca, and Bichromomyia olmeca bicolor, should be raised to nominal species status. We recovered specimens of Bi. o. olmeca from Quintana Roo, Tabasco, and Oaxaca, Mexico, supply 17 new COI sequences, and also incorporate GenBank sequences for other Bichromomyia species. After a Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis, all Bichromomyia species clustered with a bootstrap of 100%, although sequences of Bichromomyia flaviscutellata were divided into 2 clusters with an interspecific range distance of 11.16% between them, which confirm cryptic species in Brazil. The genetic distance of Bi. o. olmeca compared to related subspecies ranged between 12.59% and 14.64%. A total of 29 haplotypes (Hd = 0.987; π = 0.08783; S = 136) were recovered from the Bichromomyia sequences. Results of the TC network were consistent with the ML analysis, supporting that subspecies of Bichromomyia are genetically distinct and deserve being raised to valid species category: Bichromomyia olmeca (Vargas & Díaz-Nájera) and Bichromomyia bicolor (Fairchild & Theodor).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yokomi N Lozano-Sardaneta
- Colección Nacional de Insectos, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Herón Huerta
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos 'Dr., Manuel Martínez Báez', Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yesenia Marquez-López
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Atilano Contreras-Ramos
- Colección Nacional de Insectos, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Lozano-Sardaneta YN, Díaz-Cruz JA, Viveros-Santos V, Ibáñez-Bernal S, Huerta H, Marina CF, Mis-Ávila PC, Martínez-Burgos M, Torres-Monzón JA, Sánchez-Cordero V, Becker I. Phylogenetic relations among Mexican phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) and their divergence time estimation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287853. [PMID: 37384618 PMCID: PMC10309607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) have biological relevance as vectors of several pathogens. To ensure periodic entomological monitoring it is necessary to have efficient and accurate tools for an adequate taxonomic identification. There are only few studies on phylogenetic analyses of phlebotomine sand flies from Neotropics, based mostly on morphological and/or molecular data, which makes the delimitation of intra- and interspecific variability of species challenging. Here we generated new molecular information on sand fly species distributed in endemic areas of leishmaniasis in Mexico, using mitochondrial and ribosomal genes, and incorporating morphological information available. Specifically, we established their phylogenetic relationships, and estimated their divergence time. Our study provides molecular information for 15 phlebotomine sand fly species from different areas of Mexico, contributing to the genetic inventory and phylogenetic relations among Neotropical species of the subfamily Phlebotominae. Mitochondrial genes proved to be suitable markers for the molecular identification of phlebotomine sand flies. However, the incorporation of additional nuclear gene information could increase the significance of phylogenetic inferences. We also provided evidence about a possible divergence time of phlebotomine sand fly species, supporting their presumable origin in the Cretaceous period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yokomi N. Lozano-Sardaneta
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jesús A. Díaz-Cruz
- Colección Nacional de Peces, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Vicente Viveros-Santos
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (CRISP-INSP), Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Sergio Ibáñez-Bernal
- Instituto de Ecología, A. C. (INECOL), Red Ambiente y Sustentabilidad, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Herón Huerta
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos ‘Dr, Manuel Martínez Báez’, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carlos F. Marina
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (CRISP-INSP), Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Pedro C. Mis-Ávila
- Servicios Estatales de Salud de Quintana Roo, Departamento de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vector y Zoonosis, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México
| | - Maribel Martínez-Burgos
- Servicios Estatales de Salud de Quintana Roo, Departamento de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vector y Zoonosis, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México
| | - Jorge A. Torres-Monzón
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (CRISP-INSP), Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Cordero
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ingeborg Becker
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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Fernández-Santos NA, Trujillo-García JC, Hamer SA, Wei L, Martínez-Montoya H, Tamez-Guerra P, Hamer GL, Rodríguez-Pérez MA. Domestic Triatoma spp. Infections with Trypanosoma cruzi, Household Infestations, and Molecular Identification in Oaxaca, México. INSECTS 2022; 13:1134. [PMID: 36555044 PMCID: PMC9785609 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In Latin America, Mexico is the country with the second highest annual estimated number of Chagas disease cases, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, due to vector-borne transmission. The state of Oaxaca is the location of the first documented human cases of Chagas disease in Mexico and contained the highest T. cruzi seropositive rate (3.5%) from blood donors. Here, entomological surveys, from 2017 to 2019, were conducted to collect triatomines in 124 villages of 60 municipalities. Four principal domestic Triatoma spp. (Hemiptera: Triatominae), Triatoma phyllosoma, T. barberi, T. mazzotti, and T. dimidiata, of Oaxaca, Mexico were identified by morphology and molecular analysis of the barcode region of the cytochrome oxidase 1 (cox1 or COI or CO1) gene. A total of 41 out of 83 T. phyllosoma specimens examined by microscopy were positive for T. cruzi (49%), 49 out of 171 for T. barberi (28%), 31 out of 177 for T. mazzotti (17%), and none out of 10 for T. dimidiata (0%). Overall, the infestation index was 3.1% of households containing at least one triatomine; the crowding index was a mean of two Triatoma spp./household; and the colonization index was 0.38 for households based on presence of nymphs. Geographical distribution of triatomines in Oaxaca at the municipality level and endophilic behavior is also reported. Precise identification, endophilic habits, and infection rates of these triatomines are paramount for vector control programs of the Ministry of Health of Oaxaca and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia A. Fernández-Santos
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Reynosa 88170, Mexico
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | | - Sarah A. Hamer
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Lihua Wei
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Reynosa 88170, Mexico
| | - Humberto Martínez-Montoya
- Laboratorio de Genética y Genómica Comparativa, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa-Aztlán, Reynosa 88778, Mexico
| | - Patricia Tamez-Guerra
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Monterrey 66455, Mexico
| | - Gabriel L. Hamer
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Gutierrez MAC, Lopez ROH, Ramos AT, Vélez ID, Gomez RV, Arrivillaga-Henríquez J, Uribe S. DNA barcoding of Lutzomyia longipalpis species complex (Diptera: Psychodidae), suggests the existence of 8 candidate species. Acta Trop 2021; 221:105983. [PMID: 34048789 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The sand fly Lutzomyia (L.) longipalpis has been implicated as the primary vector of Leishmania infantum, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis VL. In addition, it has been associated with atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission in the Neotropic and Central America, respectively. The existence of a L. longipalpis complex species has been suggested with important implications for leishmaniasis epidemiology; however, the delimitation of species conforming it remains a topic of controversy. The DNA Barcoding Initiative based on cox1 sequence variation was used to identify the MOTUs in L. longipalpis including previously described L. pseudolongipalpis. The genetic variation was analyzed based on tree and distance methods. Fifty-five haplotypes were obtained from 103 sequences which were assigned to MOTUs, with a clear separation and a high correspondence of individuals to the groups. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analysis showed eight MOTUs (100% bootstrap) with high genetic divergence (12.6%). Data obtained in the present study suggest that L. longipalpis complex consists of at least 8 lineages that may represent species. It would be desirable perform additional morphological and molecular analysis of L. longipalpis from Colosó (Caribbean ecoregion) considering that specimens from that area were grouped with L. pseudolongipalpis one of the complex species previously described from Venezuela, which has not been registered in Colombia.
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