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Loffet EA, Durel JF, Nerurkar NL. Evo-Devo Mechanobiology: The Missing Link. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:1455-1473. [PMID: 37193661 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
While the modern framework of evolutionary development (evo-devo) has been decidedly genetic, historic analyses have also considered the importance of mechanics in the evolution of form. With the aid of recent technological advancements in both quantifying and perturbing changes in the molecular and mechanical effectors of organismal shape, how molecular and genetic cues regulate the biophysical aspects of morphogenesis is becoming increasingly well studied. As a result, this is an opportune time to consider how the tissue-scale mechanics that underlie morphogenesis are acted upon through evolution to establish morphological diversity. Such a focus will enable a field of evo-devo mechanobiology that will serve to better elucidate the opaque relations between genes and forms by articulating intermediary physical mechanisms. Here, we review how the evolution of shape is measured and related to genetics, how recent strides have been made in the dissection of developmental tissue mechanics, and how we expect these areas to coalesce in evo-devo studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise A Loffet
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - John F Durel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Nandan L Nerurkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Martin BS, Bradburd GS, Harmon LJ, Weber MG. Modeling the Evolution of Rates of Continuous Trait Evolution. Syst Biol 2022:6830631. [PMID: 36380474 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syac068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rates of phenotypic evolution vary markedly across the tree of life, from the accelerated evolution apparent in adaptive radiations to the remarkable evolutionary stasis exhibited by so-called "living fossils". Such rate variation has important consequences for large-scale evolutionary dynamics, generating vast disparities in phenotypic diversity across space, time, and taxa. Despite this, most methods for estimating trait evolution rates assume rates vary deterministically with respect to some variable of interest or change infrequently during a clade's history. These assumptions may cause underfitting of trait evolution models and mislead hypothesis testing. Here, we develop a new trait evolution model that allows rates to vary gradually and stochastically across a clade. Further, we extend this model to accommodate generally decreasing or increasing rates over time, allowing for flexible modeling of "early/late bursts" of trait evolution. We implement a Bayesian method, termed "evolving rates" (evorates for short), to efficiently fit this model to comparative data. Through simulation, we demonstrate that evorates can reliably infer both how and in which lineages trait evolution rates varied during a clade's history. We apply this method to body size evolution in cetaceans, recovering substantial support for an overall slowdown in body size evolution over time with recent bursts among some oceanic dolphins and relative stasis among beaked whales of the genus Mesoplodon. These results unify and expand on previous research, demonstrating the empirical utility of evorates.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Martin
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - G S Bradburd
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - L J Harmon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843, USA
| | - M G Weber
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Decoupling in Diversification and Body Size Rates During the Radiation of Phyllodactylus: Evidence Suggests Minor Role of Ecology in Shaping Phenotypes. Evol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-022-09575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dominican amber net-winged beetles suggest stable paleoenvironment as a driver for conserved morphology in a paedomorphic lineage. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5820. [PMID: 35388125 PMCID: PMC8986798 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09867-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Paedomorphosis is a heterochronic syndrome in which adult individuals display features of their immature forms. In beetles, this phenomenon occurs widely in the superfamily Elateroidea, including the net-winged beetles (Lycidae), and, due to the usual flightlessness of paedomorphic females, it is hypothesized to cause speciation rates higher than in non-paedomorphic lineages. However, some fossils of paedomorphic lycids do not support this with palaeobiological data. Discovery of new Lycidae fossils attributed to the West Indian extant paedomorphic genus Cessator Kazantsev in the Dominican amber also suggests morphological stasis within this genus in the Greater Antilles. We describe Cessator anachronicus Ferreira and Ivie, sp. nov. based on adult males, as well as the first ever recorded fossil net-winged beetle larva of the same genus. We propose that the relatively young age of the studied fossils combined with the stable conditions in the forest floor of the Greater Antilles through the last tens of million years could explain the exceptionally conserved morphology in the net-winged beetles affected by the paedomorphic syndrome.
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Crouch NMA, Tobias JA. The causes and ecological context of rapid morphological evolution in birds. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:611-623. [PMID: 35199918 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Episodic pulses in morphological diversification are a prominent feature of evolutionary history, driven by factors that remain widely disputed. Resolving this question has proved challenging because comprehensive species-level data are generally unavailable at sufficient scale. Combining global phylogenetic and morphological data for birds, we show that pulses of diversification in lineages and traits tend to occur independently and in different contexts. Speciation pulses are preceded by greater differentiation in overall morphology and habitat niche, then followed by increased rates of beak evolution. Contrary to standard hypotheses, pulses of morphological diversification tend to be associated with habitat niche stability rather than adaptation to different diets and habitat types. These patterns suggest that the timing of diversification varies across traits according to their ecological function, and that pulses of morphological evolution may occur when successful lineages subdivide niche space within particular habitat types. Our results highlight the growing potential of functional trait data sets to refine macroevolutionary models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M A Crouch
- Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joseph A Tobias
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
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Thackeray JF. Morphometric (‘log sem’) analysis of anatomical measurements of Galápagos finches (Geospiza), chimpanzees (Pan) and Plio-Pleistocene hominins (Paranthropus, Australopithecus and early Homo). S AFR J SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.17159/sajs.2022/11913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Francis Thackeray
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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García-Navas V, Tobias JA, Schweizer M, Wegmann D, Schodde R, Norman JA, Christidis L. Trophic niche shifts and phenotypic trait evolution are largely decoupled in Australasian parrots. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:212. [PMID: 34837943 PMCID: PMC8626917 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01940-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trophic shifts from one dietary niche to another have played major roles in reshaping the evolutionary trajectories of a wide range of vertebrate groups, yet their consequences for morphological disparity and species diversity differ among groups. METHODS Here, we use phylogenetic comparative methods to examine whether the evolution of nectarivory and other trophic shifts have driven predictable evolutionary pathways in Australasian psittaculid parrots in terms of ecological traits such as body size, beak shape, and dispersal capacity. RESULTS We found no evidence for an 'early-burst' scenario of lineage or morphological diversification. The best-fitting models indicate that trait evolution in this group is characterized by abrupt phenotypic shifts (evolutionary jumps), with no sign of multiple phenotypic optima correlating with different trophic strategies. Thus, our results point to the existence of weak directional selection and suggest that lineages may be evolving randomly or slowly toward adaptive peaks they have not yet reached. CONCLUSIONS This study adds to a growing body of evidence indicating that the relationship between avian morphology and feeding ecology may be more complex than usually assumed and highlights the importance of adding more flexible models to the macroevolutionary toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente García-Navas
- Department of Integrative Ecology, Doñana Biological Station EBD (CSIC), Seville, Spain.
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Joseph A Tobias
- Department of Life Sciences (Silwood Park), Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Daniel Wegmann
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Richard Schodde
- Australian National Wildlife Collection, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Les Christidis
- Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
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Geometry and dynamics link form, function, and evolution of finch beaks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2105957118. [PMID: 34750258 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105957118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Darwin's finches are a classic example of adaptive radiation, exemplified by their adaptive and functional beak morphologies. To quantify their form, we carry out a morphometric analysis of the three-dimensional beak shapes of all of Darwin's finches and find that they can be fit by a transverse parabolic shape with a curvature that increases linearly from the base toward the tip of the beak. The morphological variation of beak orientation, aspect ratios, and curvatures allows us to quantify beak function in terms of the elementary theory of machines, consistent with the dietary variations across finches. Finally, to explain the origin of the evolutionary morphometry and the developmental morphogenesis of the finch beak, we propose an experimentally motivated growth law at the cellular level that simplifies to a variant of curvature-driven flow at the tissue level and captures the range of observed beak shapes in terms of a simple morphospace. Altogether, our study illuminates how a minimal combination of geometry and dynamics allows for functional form to develop and evolve.
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Macpherson MP, Jahn AE, Mason NA. Morphology of migration: associations between wing shape, bill morphology and migration in kingbirds (Tyrannus). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Morphology is closely linked to locomotion and diet in animals. In animals that undertake long-distance migrations, limb morphology is under selection to maximize mobility and minimize energy expenditure. Migratory behaviours also interact with diet, such that migratory animals tend to be dietary generalists, whereas sedentary taxa tend to be dietary specialists. Despite a hypothesized link between migration status and morphology, phylogenetic comparative studies have yielded conflicting findings. We tested for evolutionary associations between migratory status and limb and bill morphology across kingbirds, a pan-American genus of birds with migratory, partially migratory and sedentary taxa. Migratory kingbirds had longer wings, in agreement with expectations that selection favours improved aerodynamics for long-distance migration. We also found an association between migratory status and bill shape, such that more migratory taxa had wider, deeper and shorter bills compared to sedentary taxa. However, there was no difference in intraspecific morphological variation among migrants, partial migrants and residents, suggesting that dietary specialization has evolved independently of migration strategy. The evolutionary links between migration, diet and morphology in kingbirds uncovered here further strengthen ecomorphological associations that underlie long-distance seasonal movements in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie P Macpherson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Alex E Jahn
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Av. 24a No. 1515, Rio Claro, Brazil
- Environmental Resilience Institute, Indiana University, 717 E 8th St., Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Nicholas A Mason
- Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Vinciguerra NT, Burns KJ. Species diversification and ecomorphological evolution in the radiation of tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ecological opportunity is hypothesized to cause an early burst of species diversification and trait evolution followed by a slowdown in diversification rates as niches are filled. Nonetheless, few studies have tested these predictions empirically with ecomorphological data at the large spatial scales relevant to most of biodiversity. Tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), the largest family of songbirds, show an early burst of species diversification and provide an excellent opportunity to test one of the hallmarks of adaptive radiation: rapid ecomorphological evolution. Here, we test for an early-burst pattern of a resource-exploiting trait (bill morphology) across the radiation of tanagers using a time-calibrated molecular phylogeny and high-resolution three-dimensional surface scans of bill structure from museum study skins. Using recently developed methods of multivariate trait evolution, we find evidence for a rapid burst of bill shape evolution early in the radiation of tanagers, followed by a subsequent decrease in rates toward the present. Likewise, we show that morphological disparity is distributed among (rather than within) subclades, indicating that most of the observed bill shape disparity evolved early in the radiation of tanagers and has slowed through time. The diversification dynamics of tanagers match patterns expected from adaptive radiation and the filling of ecomorphospace.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin J Burns
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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[Salud Colectiva awarded DOAJ Seal]. Salud Colect 2017; 13:1-3. [PMID: 28562721 DOI: 10.18294/sc.2017.1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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