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Warsneski A, Bitschinski D, Rutkoski CF, Israel NG, Pereira Gonçalves GH, Lã L, Guerreiro F, Menta Giasson LO, Coelho de Albuquerque CA, Hasckel RP, Barbosa da Silva E, Alves TC, Alves de Almeida E. Fungicides from rice cultivation (tebuconazole and azoxystrobin) alters biochemical and histological markers of hammertoad tadpoles (Boanafaber). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122900. [PMID: 37952920 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Tebuconazole (TBZ) and azoxystrobin (AZX) are fungicides frequently used in rice cultivation. Despite protecting crops against fungal diseases, these compounds can contaminate the natural environments close to the crops, exerting negative effects on non-target organisms, the present study aimed to characterize the contamination by fungicides of a river that flows in an area dominated by rice cultivation in the north of the state of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil. Concentrations of TBZ and AZX found in the field were used to evaluate their negative effects on development, biochemical biomarkers and histopatology of the liver of a native tadpole species, the hammerfrog (Boana faber). Tadpoles were exposed for 16 days to the lowest (1.20 μg/L) and highest (2.60 μg/L) concentration of TBZ, lowest (0.70 μg/L) and highest (1.60 μg/L) concentration of AZX, and the mix of both fungicides at lowest and highest concentration of each found in field analyses. Exposure to the lower TBZ concentration and both concentrations of the Mix accelerated the development of tadpoles. AZX caused an increase in the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), carboxylesterase (CbE) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in the liver, an increase in the levels of protein carbonyls (PC) in the liver and an increase in the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in muscle of tadpoles. TBZ, on the other hand, generated an increase in GST, G6PDH, PC and histopathological severity scores in liver and in muscle AChE activity. The effects were more intense in the groups exposed to the Mix of contaminants. No treatment altered brain AChE. The data showed that the fungicides from in rice cultivation found in natural aquatic environments around the crops pose risks to the health of the animals, compromising their metabolism and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Warsneski
- Environmental Engineering Post-Graduation Program, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Daiane Bitschinski
- Biodiversity Post-Graduation Program, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Camila Fátima Rutkoski
- Environmental Engineering Post-Graduation Program, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Nicole Grasmuk Israel
- Environmental Engineering Post-Graduation Program, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Luiza Lã
- Department of Natural Science, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernando Guerreiro
- Biodiversity Post-Graduation Program, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Thiago Caíque Alves
- Environmental Engineering Post-Graduation Program, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Alves de Almeida
- Environmental Engineering Post-Graduation Program, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil; Biodiversity Post-Graduation Program, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil; Department of Natural Science, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil.
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