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Choi S, Yang JW, Kim JE, Jeon H, Shin S, Wui D, Kim LS, Kim BJ, Son H, Min K. Infectivity and stress tolerance traits affect community assembly of plant pathogenic fungi. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1234724. [PMID: 37692392 PMCID: PMC10486888 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1234724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how ecological communities assemble is an urgent research priority. In this study, we used a community ecology approach to examine how ecological and evolutionary processes shape biodiversity patterns of plant pathogenic fungi, Fusarium graminearum and F. asiaticum. High-throughput screening revealed that the isolates had a wide range of phenotypic variation in stress tolerance traits. Net Relatedness Index (NRI) and Nearest Taxon Index (NTI) values were computed based on stress-tolerant distance matrices. Certain local regions exhibited positive values of NRI and NTI, indicating phenotypic clustering within the fungal communities. Competition assays of the pooled strains were conducted to investigate the cause of clustering. During stress conditions and wheat colonization, only a few strains dominated the fungal communities, resulting in reduced diversity. Overall, our findings support the modern coexistence theory that abiotic stress and competition lead to phenotypic similarities among coexisting organisms by excluding large, low-competitive clades. We suggest that agricultural environments and competition for host infection lead to locally clustered communities of plant pathogenic fungi in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Wook Yang
- Crop Cultivation and Environment Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosung Jeon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soobin Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayoun Wui
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee Seul Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- Crop Cultivation and Environment Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hokyoung Son
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghun Min
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Liu S, Vasar M, Öpik M, Koorem K. Disturbance induces similar shifts in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities from grassland and arable field soils. MYCORRHIZA 2023; 33:153-164. [PMID: 36930376 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-023-01108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic disturbances play an increasingly important role in structuring the diversity and functioning of soil organisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Frequently, multiple land-use practices, which may represent disturbances for AM fungal communities, operate simultaneously in different habitats. It is not known, however, how previous land-use history and specific habitat type influence AM fungal community response to disturbances. We applied mechanical (cutting to stimulate tillage) and chemical (herbicide addition) disturbances to AM fungal communities from meadow and arable field soils. Our results indicated that AM fungal communities from meadows, which previously had experienced mowing, were more species rich than communities from fields that had experienced intensive land-use practices. There were no significant differences, however, in the responses to disturbance of the AM fungal communities from field and meadow soils. We expected mechanical disturbance to promote taxa from the family Glomeraceae which are expected to exhibit a ruderal life-history strategy; instead, the abundance of this family increased in response to chemical disturbance. Simultaneous application of mechanical disturbance and herbicide decreased only the abundance of Diversisporaceae. No AM fungal families increased in abundance when both mechanical and chemical disturbances were applied simultaneously, but all disturbances increased the abundance of culturable AM fungi. Our study demonstrates that although chemical and mechanical forms of disturbance favor different AM fungal families, existing information about family-level characteristics may not adequately characterize the life history strategies of AM fungus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqiao Liu
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 2 J. Liivi Street, 50409, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Martti Vasar
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 2 J. Liivi Street, 50409, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maarja Öpik
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 2 J. Liivi Street, 50409, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kadri Koorem
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 2 J. Liivi Street, 50409, Tartu, Estonia
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Côte J, Poulet N, Blanc L, Grenouillet G. Disentangling the effects of different human disturbances on multifaceted biodiversity indices in freshwater fish. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2845. [PMID: 36922403 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating the effects of anthropogenic pressures on several biodiversity metrics can inform the management and monitoring of biodiversity loss. However, the type of disturbances can lead to different responses in different metrics. In this study, we aimed at disentangling the effects of different types of anthropogenic disturbances on freshwater fish communities. We calculated diversity indices for 1109 stream fish communities across France by computing richness and evenness components for ecological, morphological, and phylogenetic diversity, and used null models to estimate standardized effect sizes. We used generalized linear mixed models to assess the relative effects of environmental and anthropogenic drivers in driving those diversity indices. Our results demonstrated that all diversity indices exhibited significant responses to both climatic conditions and anthropogenic disturbances. While we observed a decrease of ecological and phylogenetic richness with the intensity of disturbance, a weak increase in morphological richness and evenness was apparent. Overall, our results demonstrated the importance of disentangling various types of disturbances when assessing human-induced ecological impacts and highlighted that different facets of diversity are not impacted identically by anthropogenic disturbances in stream fish communities. This calls for further work seeking to integrate biodiversity responses to human disturbances into a multifaceted framework, and could have beneficial implications when planning conservation action in freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Côte
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR5174, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Poulet
- Pôle Ecohydraulique, Office Français de La Biodiversité, Institut des Mécaniques des Fluides, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Blanc
- Office français de la biodiversité, Direction régionale Occitanie, Toulouse, France
| | - Gaël Grenouillet
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR5174, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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4
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Yoo S, Cho Y, Park KH, Lim YW. Exploring fine-scale assembly of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities through phylogenetic and spatial distribution analyses. MYCORRHIZA 2022; 32:439-449. [PMID: 35861929 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-022-01088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) form symbiotic relationship with the roots of host plants. EMF communities are composed of highly diverse species; however, how they are assembled has been a long-standing question. In this study, we investigated from a phylogenetic perspective how EMF communities assemble on Pinus densiflora seedlings at different spatial scales (i.e., seedling scale and root tip scale). P. densiflora seedlings were collected from different habitats (i.e., disturbed areas and mature forests), and their EMF communities were investigated by morphotype sequencing and next-generation sequencing (NGS). To infer assembly mechanisms, phylogenetic relatedness within the community (i.e., phylogenetic structure) was estimated and spatial distribution of EMF root tips was analyzed. The EMF communities on pine seedlings were largely different between the two habitats. Phylogenetically restricted lineages (Amphinema, /suillus-rhizopogon) were abundant in the disturbed areas, whereas species from diverse lineages were abundant in the mature forests (Russula, Sebacina, /tomentella-thelephora, etc.). In the disturbed areas, phylogenetically similar EMF species were aggregated at the seedling scale, suggesting that disturbance acts as a powerful abiotic filter. However, phylogenetically similar species were spatially segregated from each other at the root tip scale, indicating limiting similarity. In the mature forest seedlings, no distinct phylogenetic signals were detected at both seedling and root tip scale. Collectively, our results suggest that limiting similarity may be an important assembly mechanism at the root tip scale and that assembly mechanisms can vary across habitats and spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnam Yoo
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Yoonhee Cho
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Ki Hyeong Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Young Woon Lim
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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5
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Petsch DK, Blowes SA, Melo AS, Chase JM. A synthesis of land use impacts on stream biodiversity across metrics and scales. Ecology 2021; 102:e03498. [PMID: 34314043 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
While land use intensification is a major driver of biodiversity change in streams, the nature of such changes, and at which scales they occur, have not been synthesized. To synthesize how land use change has altered multiple components of stream biodiversity across scales, we compiled data from 37 studies where comparative data were available for species' total and relative abundances from multiple locations including reference (less impacted) streams to those surrounded by different land use types (urban, forestry, and agriculture). We found that each type of land use reduced multiple components of within-stream biodiversity across scales, but that urbanization consistently had the strongest effects. However, we found that β-diversity among streams in modified landscapes did not differ from β-diversity observed among reference streams, suggesting little evidence for biotic homogenization. Nevertheless, assemblage composition did experience considerable species turnover between reference and modified streams. Our results emphasize that to understand how anthropogenic factors such as land use alter biodiversity, multiple components of biodiversity within and among sites must be simultaneously considered at multiple scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle K Petsch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.,Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Shane A Blowes
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.,Department of Computer Science, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 06099, Germany
| | - Adriano S Melo
- Departamento de Ecologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Jonathan M Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.,Department of Computer Science, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 06099, Germany
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Arimoro FO, Keke UN. Stream biodiversity and monitoring in North Central, Nigeria: the use of macroinvertebrate indicator species as surrogates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:31003-31012. [PMID: 33594557 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12922-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Indicator species (IS) have been employed in modern aquatic research for monitoring of environmental changes and evaluating the efficiency of environmental management procedures. In this study, we evaluated the possibility of developing surrogate indicator groups as tools for the conservation and management of the biodiversity of Northern Nigeria streams by surveying 15 streams in Niger state for benthic macroinvertebrates and environmental variables as data sets, over a period of 24 months (2016 and 2017). Samples were collected in two locations of reference and impacted sites for each of the streams surveyed. The statistically significant (P < 0.05; based on 1000 permutations) indicator species for each of the status classes (reference versus impacted) was identified using the indicator species analysis/indicator value (Indval) method. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to evaluate the IS-environment relationships. Indicator value found fifteen species for the reference streams including Ephemeropteran (Bugilliesia sp., Tricorythus sp., Thraulus sp., Crassabwa sp.) and the Tricopteran (Leptonema sp.). Opposite, the Indval found seven (7) indicator species for the impacted streams, which included the Dipteran (Pentaneura sp., Tabanus sp.). Multivariate analysis revealed that species assemblage had wide dispersal patterns in relation to the sites for both status classes. CCA revealed that the reference and impacted indicator species responded to entirely different environmental factors, indicating their preference to particular environmental variables along the ecological gradients. While the indicator species of reference sites were associated with environmental predictors of good water quality such as high DO, increased flow, low conductivity, and low BOD, the indicator species of impacted sites were strongly related to environmental predictors of anthropogenic pollution, including low DO, high BOD, and increased nutrients concentrations. This study has provided a reference point and effective tool to monitor environmental changes, community, and ecosystem dynamics across the Northern Nigeria streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis O Arimoro
- Applied Hydrobiology Unit, Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria.
| | - Unique N Keke
- Applied Hydrobiology Unit, Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria
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Ghosh PN, Brookes LM, Edwards HM, Fisher MC, Jervis P, Kappel D, Sewell TR, Shelton JM, Skelly E, Rhodes JL. Cross-Disciplinary Genomics Approaches to Studying Emerging Fungal Infections. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E315. [PMID: 33260763 PMCID: PMC7761180 DOI: 10.3390/life10120315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging fungal pathogens pose a serious, global and growing threat to food supply systems, wild ecosystems, and human health. However, historic chronic underinvestment in their research has resulted in a limited understanding of their epidemiology relative to bacterial and viral pathogens. Therefore, the untargeted nature of genomics and, more widely, -omics approaches is particularly attractive in addressing the threats posed by and illuminating the biology of these pathogens. Typically, research into plant, human and wildlife mycoses have been largely separated, with limited dialogue between disciplines. However, many serious mycoses facing the world today have common traits irrespective of host species, such as plastic genomes; wide host ranges; large population sizes and an ability to persist outside the host. These commonalities mean that -omics approaches that have been productively applied in one sphere and may also provide important insights in others, where these approaches may have historically been underutilised. In this review, we consider the advances made with genomics approaches in the fields of plant pathology, human medicine and wildlife health and the progress made in linking genomes to other -omics datatypes and sets; we identify the current barriers to linking -omics approaches and how these are being underutilised in each field; and we consider how and which -omics methodologies it is most crucial to build capacity for in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pria N. Ghosh
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, St Mary’s Campus, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK; (L.M.B.); (H.M.E.); (M.C.F.); (P.J.); (D.K.); (T.R.S.); (J.M.G.S.); (E.S.); (J.L.R.)
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Lola M. Brookes
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, St Mary’s Campus, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK; (L.M.B.); (H.M.E.); (M.C.F.); (P.J.); (D.K.); (T.R.S.); (J.M.G.S.); (E.S.); (J.L.R.)
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, UK
- Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Herts AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Hannah M. Edwards
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, St Mary’s Campus, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK; (L.M.B.); (H.M.E.); (M.C.F.); (P.J.); (D.K.); (T.R.S.); (J.M.G.S.); (E.S.); (J.L.R.)
| | - Matthew C. Fisher
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, St Mary’s Campus, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK; (L.M.B.); (H.M.E.); (M.C.F.); (P.J.); (D.K.); (T.R.S.); (J.M.G.S.); (E.S.); (J.L.R.)
| | - Phillip Jervis
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, St Mary’s Campus, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK; (L.M.B.); (H.M.E.); (M.C.F.); (P.J.); (D.K.); (T.R.S.); (J.M.G.S.); (E.S.); (J.L.R.)
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Dana Kappel
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, St Mary’s Campus, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK; (L.M.B.); (H.M.E.); (M.C.F.); (P.J.); (D.K.); (T.R.S.); (J.M.G.S.); (E.S.); (J.L.R.)
| | - Thomas R. Sewell
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, St Mary’s Campus, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK; (L.M.B.); (H.M.E.); (M.C.F.); (P.J.); (D.K.); (T.R.S.); (J.M.G.S.); (E.S.); (J.L.R.)
| | - Jennifer M.G. Shelton
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, St Mary’s Campus, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK; (L.M.B.); (H.M.E.); (M.C.F.); (P.J.); (D.K.); (T.R.S.); (J.M.G.S.); (E.S.); (J.L.R.)
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Emily Skelly
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, St Mary’s Campus, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK; (L.M.B.); (H.M.E.); (M.C.F.); (P.J.); (D.K.); (T.R.S.); (J.M.G.S.); (E.S.); (J.L.R.)
| | - Johanna L. Rhodes
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, St Mary’s Campus, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK; (L.M.B.); (H.M.E.); (M.C.F.); (P.J.); (D.K.); (T.R.S.); (J.M.G.S.); (E.S.); (J.L.R.)
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Takada Y, Uchida M, Tezuka N, Tsujino M, Sawayama S, Kurogi H, Ishihi Y, Watanabe S. Spatial hierarchical partitioning of macrobenthic diversity of clam (
Ruditapes
) fishing grounds over a large geographical range of Japan. Ecol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitake Takada
- Japan Sea National Fisheries Research Institute Fisheries Research and Education Agency Tokyo Japan
| | - Motoharu Uchida
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea Fisheries Research and Education Agency Hiroshima Japan
| | - Naoaki Tezuka
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea Fisheries Research and Education Agency Hiroshima Japan
| | - Mutsumi Tsujino
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea Fisheries Research and Education Agency Hiroshima Japan
| | - Shuhei Sawayama
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science Fisheries Research and Education Agency Yokohama Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kurogi
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science Fisheries Research and Education Agency Yokohama Japan
| | - Yuka Ishihi
- National Research Institute of Aquaculture Fisheries Research and Education Agency Minamiise Japan
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- National Research Institute of Aquaculture Fisheries Research and Education Agency Minamiise Japan
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Schröter K, Wemheuer B, Pena R, Schöning I, Ehbrecht M, Schall P, Ammer C, Daniel R, Polle A. Assembly processes of trophic guilds in the root mycobiome of temperate forests. Mol Ecol 2018; 28:348-364. [PMID: 30276908 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Root-associated mycobiomes (RAMs) link plant and soil ecological processes, thereby supporting ecosystem functions. Understanding the forces that govern the assembly of RAMs is key to sustainable ecosystem management. Here, we dissected RAMs according to functional guilds and combined phylogenetic and multivariate analyses to distinguish and quantify the forces driving RAM assembly processes. Across large biogeographic scales (>1,000 km) in temperate forests (>100 plots), RAMs were taxonomically highly distinct but composed of a stable trophic structure encompassing symbiotrophic, ectomycorrhizal (55%), saprotrophic (7%), endotrophic (3%) and pathotrophic fungi (<1%). Taxonomic community composition of RAMs is explained by abiotic factors, forest management intensity, dominant tree family (Fagaceae, Pinaceae) and root resource traits. Local RAM assemblies are phylogenetically clustered, indicating stronger habitat filtering on roots in dry, acid soils and in conifer stands than in other forest types. The local assembly of ectomycorrhizal communities is driven by forest management intensity. At larger scales, root resource traits and soil pH shift the assembly process of ectomycorrhizal fungi from deterministic to neutral. Neutral or weak deterministic assembly processes are prevalent in saprotrophic and endophytic guilds. The remarkable consistency of the trophic composition of the RAMs suggests that temperate forests attract fungal assemblages that afford functional resilience under the current range of climatic and edaphic conditions. At local scales, the filtering processes that structure symbiotrophic assemblies can be influenced by forest management and tree selection, but at larger scales, environmental cues and host resource traits are the most prevalent forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Schröter
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wemheuer
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rodica Pena
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Schöning
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Ehbrecht
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Schall
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Ammer
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
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