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Wang X, Wullschleger S, Jones M, Reyes M, Bossart R, Pomati F, Janssen EML. Tracking Extensive Portfolio of Cyanotoxins in Five-Year Lake Survey and Identifying Indicator Metabolites of Cyanobacterial Taxa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39214609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c04813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms require monitoring, as they pose a threat to ecosystems and human health, especially by the release of toxins. Along with widely reported microcystins, cyanobacteria coproduce other bioactive metabolites; however, information about their dynamics in surface waters is sparse. We investigated dynamics across full bloom successions throughout a five-year lake monitoring campaign (Greifensee, Switzerland) spanning 150 sampling dates. We conducted extensive suspect screening of cyanobacterial metabolites using the database CyanoMetDB. Across all 850 samples, 35 metabolites regularly co-occurred. Microcystins were present in 70% of samples, with [d-Asp3,(E)-Dhb7]MC-RR reaching concentrations of 70 ng/L. Anabaenopeptins, meanwhile, were detected in 95% of all samples with concentrations of Oscillamide Y up to 100-fold higher than microcystins. Based on LC-MS response and frequency, we identified indicator metabolites exclusively produced by one of three cyanobacteria isolated from the lake, these being [d-Asp3,(E)-Dhb7]MC-RR from Planktothrix sp. G2020, Microginin 761B from Microcystis sp. G2011, and Ferintoic acid B from Microcystis sp. G2020. These indicators showed distinct temporal trends and peaking seasons that reflect the variance in either the abundance of the producing cyanobacteria or their toxin production dynamics. Our approach demonstrates that selecting high LC-MS response and frequent and species-specific indicator metabolites can be advantageous for cyanobacterial monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejian Wang
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Simon Wullschleger
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Martin Jones
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Reyes
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Bossart
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Pomati
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth M-L Janssen
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
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2
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Strauss AT, Suh DC, Galbraith K, Coker SM, Schroeder K, Brandon C, Warburton EM, Yabsley MJ, Cleveland CA. Mysterious microsporidians: springtime outbreaks of disease in Daphnia communities in shallow pond ecosystems. Oecologia 2024; 204:303-314. [PMID: 37470872 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05421-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Parasites can play key roles in ecosystems, especially when they infect common hosts that play important ecological roles. Daphnia are critical grazers in many lentic freshwater ecosystems and typically reach peak densities in early spring. Daphnia have also become prominent model host organisms for the field of disease ecology, although most well-studied parasites infect them in summer or fall. Here, we report field patterns of virulent microsporidian parasites that consistently infect Daphnia in springtime, in a set of seven shallow ponds in Georgia, USA, sampled every 3-4 weeks for 18 months. We detected two distinct parasite taxa, closely matching sequences of Pseudoberwaldia daphniae and Conglomerata obtusa, both infecting all three resident species of Daphnia: D. ambigua, D. laevis, and D. parvula. To our knowledge, neither parasite has been previously reported in any of these host species or anywhere in North America. Infection prevalence peaked consistently in February-May, but the severity of these outbreaks differed substantially among ponds. Moreover, host species differed markedly in terms of their maximum infection prevalence (5% [D. parvula] to 72% [D. laevis]), mean reduction of fecundity when infected (70.6% [D. ambigua] to 99.8% [D. laevis]), mean spore yield (62,000 [D. parvula] to 377,000 [D. laevis] per host), and likelihood of being infected by each parasite. The timing and severity of the outbreaks suggests that these parasites could be impactful members of these shallow freshwater ecosystems, and that the strength of their effects is likely to hinge on the composition of ponds' zooplankton communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Strauss
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- River Basin Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Daniel C Suh
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kate Galbraith
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Sarah M Coker
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Katie Schroeder
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth M Warburton
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Michael J Yabsley
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Christopher A Cleveland
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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3
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Nandini S, Sarma SSS. Experimental Studies on Zooplankton-Toxic Cyanobacteria Interactions: A Review. TOXICS 2023; 11:176. [PMID: 36851051 PMCID: PMC9965014 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms have been recognized as a problem in fresh water for about 150 years. Over the past 50 years, experimental studies on the subject have gained importance considering the increasing need to control toxic cyanobacterial blooms. This article presents information on the different lines of research that have been undertaken on zooplankton-cyanobacteria interactions over the past 50 years. These include information on filtering/ingestion rates and phytoplankton preferences of small and large rotifers, cladocerans, and copepods; growth rates of zooplankton on cyanobacterial diets; feeding rates of other freshwater invertebrates on cyanobacteria; role of zooplankton in top-down biomanipulation efforts; effect of cyanotoxins on zooplankton; bioaccumulation of cyanotoxins; and physical and chemical control of cyanobacterial blooms. We also highlight measures that have led to successful lake management and improvement of water quality in selected waterbodies.
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4
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Godlewska M, Balk H, Izydorczyk K, Kaczkowski Z, Mankiewicz-Boczek J, Ye S. Rapid in situ assessment of high-resolution spatial and temporal distribution of cyanobacterial blooms using fishery echosounder. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159492. [PMID: 36257442 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms are increasing in frequency, magnitude, and duration globally because of enhanced eutrophication and climate change. Thus, comprehensive investigation and systematic monitoring of the spatial and temporal distribution of cyanobacteria in aquatic environments are urgently needed to better understand bloom development and complex interactions within a dynamic environment. Various methods have been used to investigate the distribution of cyanobacteria, however, none of them can provide high-resolution data for the three-dimensional spatial structure of the bloom and its dynamics in real time. In the present study, we investigated the applicability of a high-frequency (200 kHz) fishery echosounder, a type widely used in fisheries acoustics, to detect and estimate the cyanobacterial genus Microcystis bloom distribution and biomass in a shallow lake (Sulejów Reservoir, Poland). Verification of the usefulness of in situ acoustic quantification of bloom-forming cyanobacteria was based on a comparison of acoustic estimates of cyanobacterial biomass with the ground truth-that is, fluorometric measurements and chlorophyll a concentrations. We compared the acoustic estimates with other methods for continuous measurements along 10 predetermined parallel transects and point samples at 14 stations situated on the transects. In vertical hydroacoustic measurements at night, we observed that cyanobacterial biomass was highest in the uppermost layer and diminished continuously with depth. For both horizontal and vertical continuous measurements, we found significant positive correlations between acoustic and fluorometric estimates of cyanobacterial biomass. The traditional point samples measurements, however, did not agree equally well with the acoustic estimates, especially for vertical beam. We argue that the point measurements have more stochastic character and less adequately describe dynamic changes in the cyanobacteria distribution than continuous acoustic estimates. More studies are required to explore the cyanobacteria distribution patterns under different biological, physical, and meteorological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Godlewska
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódź, Poland
| | - Helge Balk
- Oslo University, Department of Physics, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katarzyna Izydorczyk
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódź, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kaczkowski
- University of Łódź, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, UNESCO Chair on Ecohydrology and Applied Ecology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Joanna Mankiewicz-Boczek
- University of Łódź, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, UNESCO Chair on Ecohydrology and Applied Ecology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Shaowen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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5
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Banerji A, Benesh K. Incorporating Microbial Species Interaction in Management of Freshwater Toxic Cyanobacteria: A Systems Science Challenge. AQUATIC ECOLOGY 2022; 3:570-587. [PMID: 36643215 PMCID: PMC9836389 DOI: 10.3390/ecologies3040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Water resources are critically important, but also pose risks of exposure to toxic and pathogenic microbes. Increasingly, a concern is toxic cyanobacteria, which have been linked to the death and disease of humans, domesticated animals, and wildlife in freshwater systems worldwide. Management approaches successful at reducing cyanobacterial abundance and toxin production have tended to be short-term solutions applied on small scales (e.g., algaecide application) or solutions that entail difficult multifaceted investments (e.g., modification of landscape and land use to reduce nutrient inputs). However, implementation of these approaches can be undermined by microbial species interactions that (a) provide toxic cyanobacteria with protection against the method of control or (b) permit toxic cyanobacteria to be replaced by other significant microbial threats. Understanding these interactions is necessary to avoid such scenarios and can provide a framework for novel strategies to enhance freshwater resource management via systems science (e.g., pairing existing physical and chemical approaches against cyanobacteria with ecological strategies such as manipulation of natural enemies, targeting of facilitators, and reduction of benthic occupancy and recruitment). Here, we review pertinent examples of the interactions and highlight potential applications of what is known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aabir Banerji
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research & Development, Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Kasey Benesh
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science & Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
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6
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Kim SK, Choi JY. Behavioral Avoidance Response of Daphnia to Fungal Infection Caused by Metschnikowia Species in a Temperate Reservoir. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1409. [PMID: 36290312 PMCID: PMC9598222 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Morphological or behavioral defense mechanisms are important evolutionary strategies for the survival of prey. Studies have focused on predation and competition, but infection has been overlooked, despite being a determining factor of distribution and species diversity of prey. We hypothesized that the winter migration of Daphnia pulicaria is a community defense strategy to avoid fungal infection. To test this hypothesis, environmental variables and the Cladocera community, including D. pulicaria, were monitored in three study sections of the Anri Reservoir in the Republic of Korea during September 2010-August 2015. During three winter seasons, the density of infected D. pulicaria increased in all study sections, and they migrated from the central to the littoral area. Most of the infected individuals had dormant eggs in sexually reproducing mothers. However, when the proportion of non-infected individuals was higher than that of infected individuals, winter migration was not observed. Additional microcosm experiments showed that dormant eggs of D. pulicaria obtained from ice crystals in the littoral area had lower hatching and infection rates than those obtained from mothers moving from other zones. Therefore, the migration of D. pulicaria during winter is an active response to avoid intergenerational fungal infection.
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7
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Rajarajan A, Wolinska J, Walser JC, Mäder M, Spaak P. Infection by a eukaryotic gut parasite in wild Daphnia sp. associates with a distinct bacterial community. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6677393. [PMID: 36026529 PMCID: PMC9869925 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Host-associated bacterial communities play an important role in host fitness and resistance to diseases. Yet, few studies have investigated tripartite interaction between a host, parasite and host-associated bacterial communities in natural settings. Here, we use 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to compare gut- and body- bacterial communities of wild water fleas belonging to the Daphnia longispina complex, between uninfected hosts and those infected with the common and virulent eukaryotic gut parasite Caullerya mesnili (Family: Ichthyosporea). We report community-level changes in host-associated bacteria with the presence of the parasite infection; namely decreased alpha diversity and increased beta diversity at the site of infection, i.e. host gut (but not host body). We also report decreased abundance of bacterial taxa proposed elsewhere to be beneficial for the host, and an appearance of taxa specifically associated with infected hosts. Our study highlights the host-microbiota-infection link in a natural system and raises questions about the role of host-associated microbiota in natural disease epidemics as well as the functional roles of bacteria specifically associated with infected hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta Rajarajan
- Corresponding author: Office BU-G09, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Zürich, Switzerland. E-mail: and
| | - Justyna Wolinska
- Department of Evolutionary and Integrative Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), 12587 Berlin, Germany,Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin (FU), 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Claude Walser
- Department of Environmental systems science (D-USYS), Genetic Diversity Centre (GDC), Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Minea Mäder
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Dübendorf, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Piet Spaak
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Dübendorf, Zürich, Switzerland
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8
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Akbar S, Gu L, Sun Y, Zhang L, Lyu K, Huang Y, Yang Z. Understanding host-microbiome-environment interactions: Insights from Daphnia as a model organism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:152093. [PMID: 34863741 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microbes perform a variety of vital functions that are essential for healthy ecosystems, ranging from nutrient recycling, antibiotic production and waste decomposition. In many animals, microbes become an integral part by establishing diverse communities collectively termed as "microbiome/s". Microbiomes defend their hosts against pathogens and provide essential nutrients necessary for their growth and reproduction. The microbiome is a polygenic trait that is dependent on host genotype and environmental variables. However, the alteration of microbiomes by stressful condition and their recovery is still poorly understood. Despite rapid growth in host-associated microbiome studies, very little is known about how they can shape ecological processes. Here, we review current knowledge on the microbiome of Daphnia, its role in fitness, alteration by different stressors, and the ecological and evolutionary aspects of host microbiome interactions. We further discuss how variation in Daphnia physiology, life history traits, and microbiome interactive responses to biotic and abiotic factors could impact patterns of microbial diversity in the total environment, which drives ecosystem function in many freshwater environments. Our literature review provides evidence that microbiome is essential for Daphnia growth, reproduction and tolerance against stressors. Though the core and flexible microbiome of Daphnia is still debatable, it is clear that the Daphnia microbiome is highly dependent on interactions among host genotype, diet and the environment. Different environmental factors alter the microbiome composition and diversity of Daphnia and reduce their fitness. These interactions could have important implications in shaping microbial patterns and their recycling as Daphnia are keystone species in freshwater ecosystem. This review provides a framework for studying these complex relationships to gain a better understanding of the ecological and evolutionary roles of the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddiq Akbar
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yunfei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kai Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
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9
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Milotic M, Milotic D, Koprivnikar J. Effects of a Cyanobacterial Toxin on Trematode Cercariae. J Parasitol 2019. [DOI: 10.1645/18-170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marin Milotic
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Dino Milotic
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Janet Koprivnikar
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
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10
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Sánchez KF, Huntley N, Duffy MA, Hunter MD. Toxins or medicines? Phytoplankton diets mediate host and parasite fitness in a freshwater system. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20182231. [PMID: 30963882 PMCID: PMC6367176 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diets must satisfy the everyday metabolic requirements of organisms and can also serve as medicines to combat disease. Currently, the medicinal role of diets is much better understood in terrestrial than in aquatic ecosystems. This is surprising because phytoplankton species synthesize secondary metabolites with known antimicrobial properties. Here, we investigated the medicinal properties of phytoplankton (including toxin-producing cyanobacteria) against parasites of the dominant freshwater herbivore, Daphnia. We fed Daphnia dentifera on green algae and toxic cyanobacteria diets known to vary in their nutritional quality and toxin production, and an additional diet of Microcystis with added pure microcystin-LR. We then exposed Daphnia to fungal and bacterial parasites. Anabaena, Microcystis and Chlorella diets prevented infection of Daphnia by the fungal parasite Metschnikowia, while Nodularia toxins increased offspring production by infected hosts. In contrast to their medicinal effects against Metschnikowia, toxic phytoplankton generally decreased the fitness of Daphnia infected with the bacterial parasite, Pasteuria. We also measured the amount of toxin produced by phytoplankton over time. Concentrations of anatoxin-a produced by Anabaena increased in the presence of Metschnikowia, suggesting parasite-induced toxin production. Our research illustrates that phytoplankton can serve as toxins or medicines for their consumers, depending upon the identity of their parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristel F. Sánchez
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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11
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Lu Y, Johnston PR, Dennis SR, Monaghan MT, John U, Spaak P, Wolinska J. Daphnia galeata responds to the exposure to an ichthyosporean gut parasite by down-regulation of immunity and lipid metabolism. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:932. [PMID: 30547741 PMCID: PMC6295042 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5312-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory circuits of infection in the emerging experimental model system, water flea Daphnia and their microparasites, remain largely unknown. Here we provide the first molecular insights into the response of Daphnia galeata to its highly virulent and common parasite Caullerya mesnili, an ichthyosporean that infects the gut epithelium. We generated a transcriptomic dataset using RNAseq from parasite-exposed (vs. control) Daphnia, at two time points (4 and 48 h) after parasite exposure. RESULTS We found a down-regulation of metabolism and immunity-related genes, at 48 h (but not 4 h) after parasite exposure. These genes are involved in lipid metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis, as well as microbe recognition (e.g. c-type lectins) and pathogen attack (e.g. gut chitin). CONCLUSIONS General metabolic suppression implies host energy shift from reproduction to survival, which is in agreement with the known drastic reduction in Daphnia fecundity after Caullerya infection. The down-regulation of gut chitin indicates a possible interaction between the peritrophic matrix and the evading host immune system. Our study provides the first description of host transcriptional responses in this very promising host-parasite experimental system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Lu
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany. .,Berlin Center for Genomics in Biodiversity Research (BeGenDiv), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Paul R Johnston
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center for Genomics in Biodiversity Research (BeGenDiv), Berlin, Germany.,Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stuart R Dennis
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michael T Monaghan
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center for Genomics in Biodiversity Research (BeGenDiv), Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe John
- Alfred Wegener Institut Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar und Meeresforschung (AWI), Bremerhaven, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Piet Spaak
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Justyna Wolinska
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany.,Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Turko P, Tellenbach C, Keller E, Tardent N, Keller B, Spaak P, Wolinska J. Parasites driving host diversity: Incidence of disease correlated with Daphnia clonal turnover. Evolution 2018; 72:619-629. [PMID: 29238958 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
According to the Red Queen hypothesis, clonal diversity in asexual populations could be maintained by negative frequency-dependant selection by coevolving parasites. If common clones are selected against and rare clones gain a concomitant advantage, we expect that clonal turnover should be faster during parasite epidemics than between them. We tested this hypothesis exploring field data of the Daphnia-Caullerya host-parasite system. The clonal make-up and turnover of the Daphnia host population was tracked with high temporal resolution from 1998 until 2013, using first allozyme and later microsatellite markers. Significant differences in the clonal composition between random and infected subsamples of Daphnia populations were detected on six of seven tested occasions, confirming genetic specificity of the host-parasite interaction in this system. We used time series analysis to compare the rates of host clonal turnover to the incidence of parasitism, and found that Caullerya prevalence was significantly associated with microsatellite-based clonal turnover. As alternate hypotheses, we further tested whether turnover was related to a variety of biotic, abiotic, and host demographic parameters. Other significant correlates of turnover were cyanobacterial biomass and (weakly) temperature. Overall, parasitism seems to be a strong driver of host clonal turnover, in support of the Red Queen hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Turko
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Tellenbach
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Esther Keller
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Tardent
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Keller
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Piet Spaak
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Justyna Wolinska
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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13
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Exposure to a cyanobacterial toxin increases larval amphibian susceptibility to parasitism. Parasitol Res 2017; 117:513-520. [PMID: 29270769 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5727-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities are promoting the proliferation of aquatic primary producers in freshwater habitats, including cyanobacteria. Among various problems stemming from eutrophication, cyanobacterial blooms can be toxic due to the production of secondary compounds, including microcystins such as microcystin-LR (MC-LR); however, it is unknown whether cyanotoxins can affect the susceptibility of aquatic vertebrates such as fish and larval amphibians to parasites or pathogens even though infectious diseases can significantly affect natural populations. Here, we examined how exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of MC-LRs affected the resistance of larval amphibians (northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens) to infection by a helminth parasite (the trematode Echinostoma sp.), and whether this was manifested by reductions in host anti-parasite behavior. Exposure to a relatively high (82 μg L-1) concentration of MC-LR caused over 70% mortality, and tadpoles that survived exposure to the low MC-LR (11 μg L-1) treatment had significantly higher infection intensities than those in the control; however, anti-parasite behavior was not affected by treatment. Our results indicate that MC-LR can have both direct and indirect negative effects on larval amphibians by increasing their mortality and susceptibility to parasitism, which may have implications for other aquatic vertebrates in eutrophic habitats dominated by cyanobacteria as well.
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Budria A. Beyond troubled waters: the influence of eutrophication on host–parasite interactions. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Budria
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle CRESCO Dinard France
- UMR 8187 CNRS Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale Wimereux France
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