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Clark KM, Gallagher MJ, Canam T, Meiners SJ. Genetic relatedness can alter the strength of plant-soil interactions. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2024; 111:e16289. [PMID: 38374713 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
PREMISE Intraspecific variation may play a key role in shaping the relationships between plants and their interactions with soil microbial communities. The soil microbes of individual plants can generate intraspecific variation in the responsiveness of the plant offspring, yet have been much less studied. To address this need, we explored how the relatedness of seedlings from established clones of Solidago altissima altered the plant-soil interactions of the seedlings. METHODS Seedlings of known parentage were generated from a series of 24 clones grown in a common garden. Seedlings from these crosses were inoculated with soils from maternal, paternal, or unrelated clones and their performance compared to sterilized control inocula. RESULTS We found that soil inocula influenced by S. altissima clones had an overall negative effect on seedling biomass. Furthermore, seedlings inoculated with maternal or paternal soils tended to experience larger negative effects than seedlings inoculated with unrelated soils. However, there was much variation among individual crosses, with not all responding to relatedness. CONCLUSIONS Our data argue that genetic relatedness to the plant from which the soil microbial inoculum was obtained may cause differential impacts on establishing seedlings, encouraging the regeneration of non-kin adjacent to established clones. Such intraspecific variation represents a potentially important source of heterogeneity in plant-soil microbe interactions with implications for maintaining population genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Clark
- Department of Life Sciences, Ivy Tech Community College, Evansville, IN, 47710, USA
| | - Marci J Gallagher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL, 61920, USA
| | - Thomas Canam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL, 61920, USA
| | - Scott J Meiners
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL, 61920, USA
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2
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Florianová A, Hanzelková V, Drtinová L, Pánková H, Cajthaml T, Münzbergová Z. Plant-soil interactions in the native range of two congeneric species with contrasting invasive success. Oecologia 2023; 201:461-477. [PMID: 36745217 PMCID: PMC9945059 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare plant-soil interactions in the native range of two congeneric European species differing in their invasive success in the world: a globally invasive Cirsium vulgare and non-invasive C. oleraceum. We assessed changes in soil nutrients and soil biota following soil conditioning by each species and compared performance of plants grown in self-conditioned and unconditioned soil, from which all, some or no biota was excluded. The invasive species depleted more nutrients than the non-invasive species and coped better with altered nutrient levels. The invasive species had higher seedling establishment which benefited from the presence of unconditioned biota transferred by soil filtrate. Biomass of both species increased in soil with self-conditioned soil filtrate and decreased in soil with self-conditioned whole-soil inoculum compared to unconditioned filtrate and inoculum. However, the increase was smaller and the decrease greater for the invasive species. The invasive species allocated less biomass to roots when associated with harmful biota, reducing negative effects of the biota on its performance. The results show that in the native range the invasive species is more limited by self-conditioned pathogens and benefits more from unconditioned mutualists and thus may benefit more from loss of effectively specialized soil biota in a secondary range. Our study highlights the utility of detailed plant-soil feedback research in species native range for understanding factors regulating species performance in their native range and pinpointing the types of biota involved in their regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Florianová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, 128 01, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic.
| | - Věra Hanzelková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, 128 01, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Drtinová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, 128 01, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Pánková
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Cajthaml
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, 128 01, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Münzbergová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, 128 01, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
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3
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Liu Y, Zheng Y, Jahn LV, Burns JH. Invaders responded more positively to soil biota than native or noninvasive introduced species, consistent with enemy escape. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02919-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Duell EB, O'Hare A, Wilson GW. Inoculation with native soil improves seedling survival and reduces non‐native reinvasion in a grassland restoration. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric B. Duell
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma USA 74075
| | - Anna O'Hare
- Burns and McDonnell Chicago Illinois USA 60642
| | - Gail W.T. Wilson
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma USA 74075
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Allen WJ, Sapsford SJ, Dickie IA. Soil sample pooling generates no consistent inference bias: a meta-analysis of 71 plant-soil feedback experiments. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1308-1315. [PMID: 33982798 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is current debate on how soil sample pooling affects the measurement of plant-soil feedbacks. Several studies have suggested that pooling soil samples among experimental units reduces variance and can bias estimates of plant-soil feedbacks. However, it is unclear whether pooling has resulted in systematic mismeasurement of plant-soil feedbacks in the literature. Using data from 71 experiments, we tested whether pairwise plant-soil feedback direction, magnitude and variance differed among soil pooling treatments. We also tested whether pooling has altered our understanding of abiotic and biotic drivers that influence pairwise plant-soil feedbacks. Pooling of soil samples among experimental units was used in 42% of examined experiments. Contrary to predictions, pooling did not affect mean pairwise plant-soil feedback effect size or within-experiment variance. Accounting for soil sample pooling also did not significantly alter our understanding of the drivers of pairwise plant-soil feedbacks. We conclude that there is no evidence that soil sample pooling systematically biases estimates of plant-soil feedback direction, magnitude, variance or drivers across many studies. Given the debate of whether to pool soil samples, researchers should be aware of potential criticisms and carefully consider how experimental design and soil pooling methods influence interpretation of experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warwick J Allen
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Sarah J Sapsford
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Ian A Dickie
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
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6
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Ke PJ, Zee PC, Fukami T. Dynamic plant-soil microbe interactions: the neglected effect of soil conditioning time. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1546-1558. [PMID: 34105771 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant-soil feedback (PSF) may change in strength over the life of plant individuals as plants continue to modify the soil microbial community. However, the temporal variation in PSF is rarely quantified and its impacts on plant communities remain unknown. Using a chronosequence reconstructed from annual aerial photographs of a coastal dune ecosystem, we characterized > 20-yr changes in soil microbial communities associated with individuals of the four dominant perennial species, one legume and three nonlegume. We also quantified the effects of soil biota on conspecific and heterospecific seedling performance in a glasshouse experiment that preserved soil properties of these individual plants. Additionally, we used a general individual-based model to explore the potential consequences of temporally varying PSF on plant community assembly. In all plant species, microbial communities changed with plant age. However, responses of plants to the turnover in microbial composition depended on the identity of the seedling species: only the soil biota effect experienced by the nonlegume species became increasingly negative with longer soil conditioning. Model simulation suggested that temporal changes in PSF could affect the transient dynamics of plant community assembly. These results suggest that temporal variation in PSF over the life of individual plants should be considered to understand how PSF structures plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ju Ke
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Peter C Zee
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Tadashi Fukami
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Domínguez-Begines J, Ávila JM, García LV, Gómez-Aparicio L. Disentangling the role of oomycete soil pathogens as drivers of plant-soil feedbacks. Ecology 2021; 102:e03430. [PMID: 34105778 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Interactions among plant species and their soil biota drive plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) that play a major role in the dynamics and diversity of plant communities. Among the different components of the soil community, pathogens are considered to be the main drivers of negative PSFs. Despite this, the number of studies that have experimentally quantified the contribution of soil pathogens to PSFs remains considerably low. Here we conducted a greenhouse experiment with oomycete-specific fungicide to quantify the contribution of soil pathogens, and particularly oomycete pathogens, to individual and pairwise PSFs in forest communities. We used as a case study Mediterranean mixed forests dominated by Quercus suber and invaded by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi. The fungicide treatment was crossed with a competition treatment to explore how conspecific neighbors might modify pathogen effects. To place the results of the experiment in a wider context, we also conducted a systematic review of published papers that explicitly used fungicide to explore the role of pathogens in PSF experiments. Our experimental results showed that oomycete pathogens were the main drivers of individual PSFs in the study forests. Oomycete effects varied among tree species according to their susceptibility to P. cinnamomi, driving negative PSFs in the highly susceptible Q. suber but not in the coexistent Olea europaea. Oomycete-driven PSFs were not modified by intraspecific competition. Oomycete pathogens were also major contributors to negative pairwise PSFs assumed to promote species coexistence. Results from the systematic review supported the novelty of our experimental results, since only three studies had previously used oomycete-specific fungicide in a PSF context and none in systems invaded by exotic oomycetes. Overall, our results provide novel evidence of oomycete pathogens (including the exotic P. cinnamomi) as fundamental drivers of negative individual and pairwise PSFs with implications for species coexistence in invaded communities. Although in the short-term invasive pathogens might contribute to species coexistence by causing self-limitation in dominant species, strong inter-specific variation in self-limitation might undermine coexistence in the long-term. Because of the increasing number of exotic oomycetes worldwide, further attention should be given to oomycetes as drivers of PSFs in plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jara Domínguez-Begines
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes, 10, Sevilla, 41012, Spain
| | - José M Ávila
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes, 10, Sevilla, 41012, Spain
| | - Luis V García
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes, 10, Sevilla, 41012, Spain
| | - Lorena Gómez-Aparicio
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes, 10, Sevilla, 41012, Spain
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Reinhart KO, Bauer JT, McCarthy‐Neumann S, MacDougall AS, Hierro JL, Chiuffo MC, Mangan SA, Heinze J, Bergmann J, Joshi J, Duncan RP, Diez JM, Kardol P, Rutten G, Fischer M, van der Putten WH, Bezemer TM, Klironomos J. Globally, plant-soil feedbacks are weak predictors of plant abundance. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:1756-1768. [PMID: 33614002 PMCID: PMC7882948 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) have been shown to strongly affect plant performance under controlled conditions, and PSFs are thought to have far reaching consequences for plant population dynamics and the structuring of plant communities. However, thus far the relationship between PSF and plant species abundance in the field is not consistent. Here, we synthesize PSF experiments from tropical forests to semiarid grasslands, and test for a positive relationship between plant abundance in the field and PSFs estimated from controlled bioassays. We meta-analyzed results from 22 PSF experiments and found an overall positive correlation (0.12 ≤ r ¯ ≤ 0.32) between plant abundance in the field and PSFs across plant functional types (herbaceous and woody plants) but also variation by plant functional type. Thus, our analysis provides quantitative support that plant abundance has a general albeit weak positive relationship with PSFs across ecosystems. Overall, our results suggest that harmful soil biota tend to accumulate around and disproportionately impact species that are rare. However, data for the herbaceous species, which are most common in the literature, had no significant abundance-PSFs relationship. Therefore, we conclude that further work is needed within and across biomes, succession stages and plant types, both under controlled and field conditions, while separating PSF effects from other drivers (e.g., herbivory, competition, disturbance) of plant abundance to tease apart the role of soil biota in causing patterns of plant rarity versus commonness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt O. Reinhart
- Fort Keogh Livestock & Range Research LaboratoryUnited States Department of Agriculture‐ Agricultural Research ServiceMiles CityMTUSA
| | - Jonathan T. Bauer
- Department of BiologyInstitute for the Environment and SustainabilityMiami UniversityOxfordOHUSA
| | | | | | - José L. Hierro
- Laboratorio de EcologíaBiogeografía y Evolución Vegetal (LEByEV)Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)‐Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam)Santa RosaArgentina
- Departamento de BiologíaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUNLPamSanta RosaArgentina
| | - Mariana C. Chiuffo
- Grupo de Ecología de InvasionesINIBIOMAUniversidad Nacional del ComahueCONICETSan Carlos de BarilocheArgentina
| | - Scott A. Mangan
- Department of Biological SciencesArkansas State UniversityJonesboroARUSA
| | - Johannes Heinze
- Institute of Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB)BerlinGermany
| | - Joana Bergmann
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB)BerlinGermany
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)MünchebergGermany
- Institut für BiologiePlant EcologyFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Jasmin Joshi
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB)BerlinGermany
- Institute for Landscape and Open SpaceEastern Switzerland University of Applied SciencesSt. GallenSwitzerland
| | - Richard P. Duncan
- Centre for Conservation Ecology and GeneticsInstitute for Applied EcologyUniversity of CanberraCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Jeff M. Diez
- Institute of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of OregonEugeneORUSA
| | - Paul Kardol
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Gemma Rutten
- Institute of Plant ScienceUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA)Université Grenoble AlpesUMR CNRS‐UGA‐USMB 5553GrenobleFrance
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant ScienceUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Wim H. van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of EcologyWageningenThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of NematologyWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Thiemo Martijn Bezemer
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of EcologyWageningenThe Netherlands
- Institute of BiologySection Plant Ecology and PhytochemistryLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - John Klironomos
- Department of BiologyUniversity of British ColumbiaKelownaBCCanada
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Zhang Z, Liu Y, Brunel C, van Kleunen M. Evidence for Elton's diversity-invasibility hypothesis from belowground. Ecology 2020; 101:e03187. [PMID: 32893873 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Sixty year ago, Charles Elton posed that species-rich communities should be more resistant to biological invasion. Still, little is known about which processes could drive the diversity-invasibility relationship. Here we examined whether soil-microbe-mediated apparent competition on alien invaders is more negative when the soil originates from multiple native species. We trained soils with five individually grown native species and used amplicon sequencing to analyze the resulting bacterial and fungal soil communities. We mixed the soils to create trained soils from one, two or four native species. We then grew four alien species separately on these differently trained soils. In the soil-conditioning phase, the five native species built species-specific bacterial and fungal communities in their rhizospheres. In the test phase, it did not matter for biomass of alien plants whether the soil had been trained by one or two native species. However, the alien species achieved 11.7% (95% CI: 3.7-20.1%) less aboveground biomass when grown on soils trained by four native species than on soils trained by two native species. Our results revealed soil-microbes-mediated apparent competition as a mechanism underlying the negative relationship between diversity and invasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Zhang
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany
| | - Yanjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Caroline Brunel
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China.,IRD, IPME, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, Montpellier, 34394, France
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
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