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Kim JE, Jiang YH, Dee V. Implications on self-care behaviors among older Korean immigrants diagnosed with diabetes residing in the United States: a path analytical approach. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:871-880. [PMID: 38932790 PMCID: PMC11196469 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Background Diabetes is a prevalent chronic disease. Although self-care is the crucial element in managing diabetes, older Korean immigrants with diabetes face challenges in performing effective self-care related to vulnerability as minority immigrants. Purpose This study measures sociodemographics, self-efficacy, social support, diabetes knowledge, and diabetes self-care activities among older Korean immigrants in the United States. This study also aims to demonstrate the direct and indirect effects of the related factors on diabetes self-care activities using a path analysis. Methods This study uses a cross-sectional design. Convenience sampling targeted Korean immigrants aged 55 or older using paper and online surveys. Four instruments were used to measure variables: self-efficacy was measured by the General Self-Efficacy scale, diabetes knowledge by the Simplified Diabetes Knowledge Test, social support by the Lubben Social Network Scale-6, and diabetes self-care by the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities questionnaire. Using path analysis, the effects of related factors on self-care activities were analyzed. Results 190 older Korean immigrants participated, 53.2% female, and 46.8% male. The mean age was 67.2 (SD = 9.9; range, 58-93). A path model shows that sociodemographics (sex, age, education, and years in the United States), diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy, and family support predict diabetes self-care. Conclusions The path model demonstrates the effects of sociodemographics, self-efficacy, diabetes knowledge, and social support on diabetes self-care among older Korean immigrants. The findings can help to understand diabetes self-care among the minority ethnic older group and can be used to develop culturally tailored education, counseling, and healthcare services. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01363-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Kim
- Mennonite College of Nursing, Illinois State University, Normal, IL United States
| | - Ying Hong Jiang
- School of Education, Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA United States
| | - Vivien Dee
- School of Nursing, Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA United States
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Ling I, Zambrana RE, Echeverria S, López L. Peer Support to Enhance Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Among African American and Latino Adults. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2023; 52:573-583. [PMID: 37865474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Social support occurs within complex social networks that are diffusely embedded within the social determinants of health. Social networks operate through five primary interconnected pathways: (1) provision of social support; (2) social influence; (3) social engagement; (4) social capital; and (5) social cohesion. Research has demonstrated that increased social support can have a beneficial impact on Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) prevention and outcomes through culturally tailored Diabetes Prevention Programs in minority communities. Further research is needed to fully measure the impact of social network peer support on T2DM outcomes to better operationalize and scale up community specific interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irving Ling
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2425 Geary Boulevard, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Ruth Enid Zambrana
- Harriet Tubman Department of Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies, University of Maryland, Consortium on Race, Gender and Ethnicity, Susquehanna Hall, 4200 Lehigh Road Room 4117, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Sandra Echeverria
- Department of Public Health Education, 437 Coleman Building, 1408 Walker Avenue, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Lenny López
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
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Soares VL, Lemos S, Barbieri-Figueiredo MDC, Morais MCS, Sequeira C. Diabetes Mellitus Family Assessment Instruments: A Systematic Review of Measurement Properties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1325. [PMID: 36674081 PMCID: PMC9859216 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although many instruments are used to assess the families of people with diabetes, their measurement properties have not been systematically reviewed. We aimed to identify and evaluate the psychometric properties of the instruments used to assess family functioning in adults with diabetes. METHODS A systematic literature review, according to the JBI systematic reviews of measurement properties, was conducted using different databases, including gray literature. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021239733. Two independent reviewers searched, screened, and assessed the risk of bias among the articles according to the COSMIN methodology. The quality of each included instrument was assessed using the updated criteria for good measurement properties. RESULTS Eighty-one studies were included, and thirty-one eligible instruments were identified. The psychometric properties frequently assessed were structural validity, internal consistency, and construct validity. CONCLUSIONS Although 31 instruments were included, none of their psychometric properties were scored as "very good". From the instruments scored as adequate on development and content validity, five stood out for their quality appraisal.. The development of new instruments is not recommended. More studies should be conducted on the existing instruments to assess the less commonly evaluated psychometric properties. Using valid instruments to develop and evaluate interventions is essential to promote health literacy and the effectiveness of diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Lídia Soares
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS@RISE), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Lemos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS@RISE), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria do Céu Barbieri-Figueiredo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS@RISE), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Nursing Department, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
- School of Nursing of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Carminda Soares Morais
- Centre for Health Studies and Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- School of Health, Polytechnic of Viana do Castelo, 4900-367 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), 3000-232 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Sequeira
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS@RISE), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- School of Nursing of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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Akbar H, Gallegos D, Anderson D, Windsor C. Deconstructing type 2 diabetes self-management of Australian Pacific Islander women: Using a community participatory research and talanoa approach. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:1988-1999. [PMID: 34580935 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Community-based participatory research using culturally appropriate talanoa approaches provided the framework to explore diabetes self-management of Australian Pacific Islander (API) women living with type 2 diabetes in South-East Queensland. Data collection included interviews with key informants (21), in-depth interviews with API women with diabetes (10), talanoa group discussions (7) and monthly steering committee meetings. Using an interpretive-constructionist lens and the interpretations of community members, four cultural constructs in diabetes self-management emerged: self-identity, spirituality, stigma and denial, and structural factors. Self-identity connected the women to their Pacific heritage that framed their collective roles as primary caregivers in the community. This gave the women a strong sense of belonging and helped maintain cultural, family and relational connections which were important for their day-to-day management of diabetes. Although spirituality through religion supported the women to cope with their diabetes a total reliance on God resulted in disengagement with self-care. Shame associated with disclosure also prevented effective self-management. Finally, structural factors such as access to healthcare, poor health literacy and cultural barriers associated with obesogenic environments impeded women from seeking appropriate diabetes care. However, family and community were critical in ensuring women were supported with their diabetes self-management. The findings highlight the importance of engaging families in healthcare planning decisions in the development of culturally responsive models of diabetes support care for API women with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Akbar
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Australia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Pasifika Women's Alliance Inc (PWA), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Danielle Gallegos
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Woolworths Centre for Childhood Nutrition Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia
| | - Debra Anderson
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carol Windsor
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Damayantie N, Dewi M, Rusmimpong R, Masnah C. Diabetes Self-management Education Effect on Family Knowledge of Hypoglycemia Episodes Detection on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Diabetes self-management education (DSME) is a health education process for individuals or families in managing diabetes.
AIM: This research was aimed to evaluate DSME effect on family knowledge of hypoglycemia episodes detection on Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
METHODS: Quasi-experimental design with simple random sampling was used in this study. A total of 62 family members of T2DM patients were collected from the Public Health Center, Jambi Province, Indonesia. They were divided into the intervention group (n = 31) and control group (n = 31). The intervention group received 2-month intervention, including DSME of diabetes mellitus with following stages of activity: Socialization, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. The control group received standard education. Data were collected from pre- and post-test questionnaire followed by statistical analysis using paired t-test.
RESULTS: There were different mean values in the family knowledge pretest-posttest between experimental groups (10.71–12.39) and control groups (9.45–12.26) to detect hypoglycemic episodes before and after DSME mentoring. There was effectiveness of DSME on family knowledge to hypoglycemia episodes detection among T2DM (p = 0.0001), including in the control group (p = 0.002)
CONCLUSIONS: This study found out the significant improvements in the intervention with DSME participants hypoglycemia episodes detection knowledge. This demonstrates that our DSME may be clinical importance.
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David D, Dalton J, Magny-Normilus C, Brain MM, Linster T, Lee SJ. The Quality of Family Relationships, Diabetes Self-Care, and Health Outcomes in Older Adults. Diabetes Spectr 2019; 32:132-138. [PMID: 31168284 PMCID: PMC6528399 DOI: 10.2337/ds18-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between family support, diabetes self-care, and health outcomes in older, community-dwelling adults. Using the theoretical framework of the Self-Care of Chronic Illness Theory and a cross-sectional design, 60 participants completed questionnaires related to diabetes self-care activities of the individual, supportive and nonsupportive diabetes behaviors of the family, and the quality of family relations. Participants indicated that diabetes self-care behaviors were performed frequently, with exercise reported as the least-performed behavior. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the quality of family relations as measured by the Family Relationship Index contributed significantly (26.0%) to the variability in A1C levels (R 2 = 0.260, F(1, 40) = 14.037, P = 0.001). Neither family supportive behavior nor the quality of family relations contributed to diabetes self-care. It is recommended that health care providers include family members to assess diabetes family support and family relationships in the care of older adults with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel David
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, San Francisco, CA
- University of California San Francisco, School of Nursing, Department of Community Health Systems, San Francisco, CA
| | - Joanne Dalton
- Regis College, School of Nursing, Weston, MA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | - Sei J. Lee
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, San Francisco, CA
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Care, San Francisco, CA
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Kovacs Burns K, Holt RIG, Nicolucci A, Lucisano G, Skovlund SE, Comaschi M, Vallis M, Peyrot M. Correlates of psychological outcomes among family members of people with diabetes in the second Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN2(™) ) study. Diabet Med 2016; 33:1184-93. [PMID: 27086909 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To conduct a second Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN2(™) ) study, examining the experiences of family members caring for adults with diabetes in order to identify correlates of family member psychological outcomes (generic psychological well-being, perceived quality of life, and diabetes-related burden, impact and distress). METHODS A total of 2057 family members living with a person with diabetes and involved in their care participated in an online, telephone or in-person survey. Samples of 120 respondents were recruited in each of 17 countries. Significant (P < 0.05) correlates of psychological outcomes were identified by multi-level multiple regression. RESULTS Outcomes were worse for family members not working because of diabetes or those who had other competing obligations. Outcomes were worse if the person with diabetes was not a partner or parent, used injected diabetes medication, or had more frequent hypoglycaemia. Outcomes were worse for family members who believed that diabetes was more severe, were more involved in diabetes care, had more conflict over diabetes care or were frustrated about not knowing how to help the person with diabetes. Outcomes were better for those who had greater support from others and felt they found good ways to help the person with diabetes. There were significant differences in outcomes among countries before and after adjustment for individual characteristics, and correlates of outcomes varied by country. CONCLUSIONS Several modifiable risk and protective factors for family member psychological outcomes were identified in this study. Diabetes education and social support were associated with improved outcomes, especially if they were helpful in supporting people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kovacs Burns
- Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - R I G Holt
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - A Nicolucci
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Pescara, Italy
| | - G Lucisano
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Pescara, Italy
| | | | - M Comaschi
- Istituto Clinico Ligure di Alta Specialità, GVM Care and Research, Rapallo, Italy
| | - M Vallis
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - M Peyrot
- Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Shilubane H, Netshikweta L, Ralineba T. Beliefs and practices of diabetic patients in Vhembe district of Limpopo Province. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2016; 8:e1-6. [PMID: 27380846 PMCID: PMC4913381 DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v8i2.949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition affecting over 18 million people worldwide. It can lead to debilitating complications and premature death if not effectively controlled. South Africa, like any sub-Saharan countries and the world at large, is no exception. The prevalence of diabetes among South African adults has increased by 50% from 2009 to date, and an increase of some 11 million new diabetes diagnoses is expected by the year 2020. Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe the beliefs and management practices of patients with DM in Vhembe district, Limpopo province. Setting The study was conducted at Vhembe district clinics. Methods A probability, purposive sampling was used to sample 100 diabetic patients. Data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 19.0. Descriptive statistics, frequencies, and percentages were used to summarise the data from the study. Results The majority of the respondents had poor management practice of feet care and annual eye examinations. Twenty four (24.0%) of the respondents believed that DM can be cured and 22 (22.0%) did not believe that diet helps in the management of DM. Conclusion The belief that DM is curable can have a negative effect as patients can quit taking treatment once the disease is under control. This happens irrespective of the national guidelines for the management of DM. Therefore, some strategies should be sought that could enhance the implementation of the guidelines in order to combat the disease.
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Rintala TM, Paavilainen E, Åstedt-Kurki P. Everyday life of a family with diabetes as described by adults with type 1 diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/edn.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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McEwen MM, Murdaugh C. Partnering With Families to Refine and Expand a Diabetes Intervention for Mexican Americans. THE DIABETES EDUCATOR 2014; 40:488-495. [PMID: 24685842 PMCID: PMC5550290 DOI: 10.1177/0145721714528996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to refine and expand a culturally tailored individual-level diabetes self-management intervention to a family-level intervention. METHODS Using community-based participatory research principles, Mexican American adults (n = 12) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and family members (n = 12) in the United States-Mexico border region participated in 6 focus group interviews, conducted by bilingual, bicultural facilitators. Facilitators and barriers to T2DM management were identified. Transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS Through an iterative analysis process, 5 categories represented participants with T2DM: (1) strategies my family can use to support our managing T2DM, (2) be sensitive to my challenges, (3) stop telling me what to eat or do, (4) how can we peacefully coexist, and (5) I feel supported. Categories identified by family members were (1) changing behaviors together, (2) sharing not controlling, (3) supporting positive behaviors, and (4) your behaviors frustrate me. CONCLUSIONS The family was reinforced as a major influence for successful T2DM management. Family support requires that families value and develop knowledge and skills for T2DM management. This family intervention builds on family assets and relationships, shifting from traditional externally motivated individual models to create a shared commitment to manage T2DM among Mexican American adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marylyn Morris McEwen
- Community and Health Systems Sciences Division, The University of Arizona, College of Nursing, Tucson, AZ (Dr McEwen, Dr Murdaugh)
| | - Carolyn Murdaugh
- Community and Health Systems Sciences Division, The University of Arizona, College of Nursing, Tucson, AZ (Dr McEwen, Dr Murdaugh)
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Rintala TM, Jaatinen P, Paavilainen E, Astedt-Kurki P. Interrelation between adult persons with diabetes and their family: a systematic review of the literature. JOURNAL OF FAMILY NURSING 2013; 19:3-28. [PMID: 23288886 DOI: 10.1177/1074840712471899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease all over the world. Self-management plays a crucial role in diabetes management. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize what is known about the interactions between adult persons with diabetes, their family, and diabetes self-management. MEDLINE, CINAHL, PSYCHINFO, LINDA, and MEDIC databases were searched for the years 2000 to 2011 and for English language articles, and the reference lists of the studies included were reviewed to capture additional studies. The findings indicate that family members have influence on the self-management of adult persons with diabetes. The support from family members plays a crucial role in maintaining lifestyle changes and optimizing diabetes management. Diabetes and its treatment also affect the life of family members in several ways, causing, for example, different types of psychological distress. More attention should be paid to family factors in diabetes management among adult persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuula-Maria Rintala
- University of Tampere, Tampere University of Applied Sciences, Tampere, Finland.
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Speight J, Browne JL, Holmes-Truscott E, Hendrieckx C, Pouwer F. Diabetes MILES--Australia (management and impact for long-term empowerment and success): methods and sample characteristics of a national survey of the psychological aspects of living with type 1 or type 2 diabetes in Australian adults. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:120. [PMID: 22325032 PMCID: PMC3312855 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Successful management of diabetes requires attention to the behavioural, psychological and social aspects of this progressive condition. The Diabetes MILES (Management and Impact for Long-term Empowerment and Success) Study is an international collaborative. Diabetes MILES--Australia, the first Diabetes MILES initiative to be undertaken, was a national survey of adults living with type 1 or type 2 diabetes in Australia. The aim of this study was to gather data that will provide insights into how Australians manage their diabetes, the support they receive and the impact of diabetes on their lives, as well as to use the data to validate new diabetes outcome measures. Methods/design The survey was designed to include a core set of self-report measures, as well as modules specific to diabetes type or management regimens. Other measures or items were included in only half of the surveys. Cognitive debriefing interviews with 20 participants ensured the survey content was relevant and easily understood. In July 2011, the survey was posted to 15,000 adults (aged 18-70 years) with type 1 or type 2 diabetes selected randomly from the National Diabetes Services Scheme (NDSS) database. An online version of the survey was advertised nationally. A total of 3,338 eligible Australians took part; most (70.4%) completed the postal survey. Respondents of both diabetes types and genders, and of all ages, were adequately represented in both the postal and online survey sub-samples. More people with type 2 diabetes than type 1 diabetes took part in Diabetes MILES--Australia (58.8% versus 41.2%). Most respondents spoke English as their main language, were married/in a de facto relationship, had at least a high school education, were occupied in paid work, had an annual household income > $AUS40,000, and lived in metropolitan areas. Discussion A potential limitation of the study is the under-representation of respondents from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds (including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander origin). Diabetes MILES--Australia represents a major achievement in the study of diabetes in Australia, where for the first time, the focus is on psychosocial and behavioural aspects of this condition at a national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Speight
- The Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Diabetes Australia-Vic, 570 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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Guell C. Diabetes management as a Turkish family affair: Chronic illness as a social experience. Ann Hum Biol 2011; 38:438-44. [PMID: 21574820 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2011.579577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Guell
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies,
Cave Hill Campus, PO Box 64, Bridgetown, BB11000, Barbados, West Indies
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