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Formiga F, Nuñez J, Castillo Moraga MJ, Cobo Marcos M, Egocheaga MI, García-Prieto CF, Trueba-Sáiz A, Matalí Gilarranz A, Fernández Rodriguez JM. Diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a systematic narrative review of the evidence. Heart Fail Rev 2024; 29:179-189. [PMID: 37861854 PMCID: PMC10904432 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-023-10360-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a common condition in clinical practice, affecting more than half of patients with HF. HFpEF is associated with morbidity and mortality and with considerable healthcare resource utilization and costs. Therefore, early diagnosis is crucial to facilitate prompt management, particularly initiation of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors. Although European guidelines define HFpEF as the presence of symptoms with or without signs of HF, left ventricular EF ≥ 50%, and objective evidence of cardiac structural and/or functional abnormalities, together with elevated natriuretic peptide levels, the diagnosis of HFpEF remains challenging. First, there is no clear consensus on how HFpEF should be defined. Furthermore, diagnostic tools, such as natriuretic peptide levels and resting echocardiogram findings, are significantly limited in the diagnosis of HFpEF. As a result, some patients are overdiagnosed (i.e., elderly people with comorbidities that mimic HF), although in other cases, HFpEF is overlooked. In this manuscript, we perform a systematic narrative review of the diagnostic approach to patients with HFpEF. We also propose a comprehensible algorithm that can be easily applied in daily clinical practice and could prove useful for confirming or ruling out a diagnosis of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Formiga
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Julio Nuñez
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia-España, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Fundación de Investigación INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Marta Cobo Marcos
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda (IDIPHISA), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Angel Trueba-Sáiz
- Medical Affairs Department, Eli Lilly and Company España, Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José María Fernández Rodriguez
- Área Cardiorrenometabólica del Servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
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2
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Bashir Z, Chen EW, Tori K, Ghosalkar D, Aurigemma GP, Dickey JB, Haines P. Insight into different phenotypic presentations of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 79:80-88. [PMID: 37442358 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) accounts for half of all HF diagnoses, and its prevalence is increasing at an alarming rate. Lately, it has been recognized as a clinical syndrome due to diverse underlying etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms. The classic echocardiographic features of HFpEF have been well described as preserved ejection fraction (≥50%), left ventricular hypertrophy, and left atrial enlargement. However, echocardiography can play a key role in identifying the principal underlying mechanism responsible for HFpEF in the individual patient. The recognition of different phenotypic presentations of HFpEF (infiltrative, metabolic, genetic, and inflammatory) can assist the clinician in tailoring the appropriate management, and offer prognostic information. The goal of this review is to highlight several key phenotypes of HFpEF and illustrate the classic clinical scenario and echocardiographic features of each phenotype with real patient cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Bashir
- Department of Cardiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Edward W Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Dhairyasheel Ghosalkar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University Hospital, NY, USA
| | - Gerard P Aurigemma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - John B Dickey
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Philip Haines
- Department of Cardiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Hotta VT, Rassi DDC, Pena JLB, Vieira MLC, Rodrigues ACT, Cardoso JN, Ramires FJA, Nastari L, Mady C, Fernandes F. Análise Crítica e Limitações do Diagnóstico de Insuficiência Cardíaca com Fração de Ejeção Preservada (ICFEp). Arq Bras Cardiol 2022; 119:470-479. [PMID: 35830074 PMCID: PMC9438546 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20210052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Com o aumento da expectativa de vida da população e a maior frequência de fatores de risco como obesidade, hipertensão arterial e diabetes, espera-se um aumento na prevalência de insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção preservada (ICFEp). Entretanto, no momento, o diagnóstico e o tratamento de pacientes com ICFEp permanecem desafiadores. O diagnóstico sindrômico de ICFEp inclui diversas etiologias e doenças com tratamentos específicos, mas que apresentam pontos em comum em relação à apresentação clínica e à avaliação laboratorial no que diz respeito aos biomarcadores como BNP e NT-ProBNP, à avaliação ecocardiográfica do remodelamento cardíaco e às pressões de enchimento diastólico ventricular esquerdo. Extensos ensaios clínicos randomizados envolvendo a terapia nesta síndrome falharam na demonstração de benefícios para o paciente, fazendo-se necessária uma reflexão acerca do diagnóstico, dos mecanismos de morbidade, da taxa de mortalidade e da reversibilidade. Na revisão, serão abordados os conceitos atuais, as controvérsias e, especialmente, os desafios no diagnóstico da ICFEp através de uma análise crítica do escore da European Heart Failure Association.
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Vriz O, Palatini P, Rudski L, Frumento P, Kasprzak JD, Ferrara F, Cocchia R, Gargani L, Wierzbowska-Drabik K, Capone V, Ranieri B, Salzano A, Stanziola AA, Marra AM, Annunziata R, Chianese S, Rega S, Saltalamacchia T, Maramaldi R, Sepe C, Limongelli G, Cademartiri F, D’Andrea A, D’Alto M, Izzo R, Ferrara N, Mauro C, Cittadini A, Ekkehard G, Guazzi M, Bossone E. Right Heart Pulmonary Circulation Unit Response to Exercise in Patients with Controlled Systemic Arterial Hypertension: Insights from the RIGHT Heart International NETwork (RIGHT-NET). J Clin Med 2022; 11:451. [PMID: 35054145 PMCID: PMC8778233 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic arterial hypertension (HTN) is the main risk factor for the development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The aim of the study was was to assess the trends in PASP, E/E' and TAPSE during exercise Doppler echocardiography (EDE) in hypertensive (HTN) patients vs. healthy subjects stratified by age. METHODS EDE was performed in 155 hypertensive patients and in 145 healthy subjects (mean age 62 ± 12.0 vs. 54 ± 14.9 years respectively, p < 0.0001). EDE was undertaken on a semi-recumbent cycle ergometer with load increasing by 25 watts every 2 min. Left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) dimensions, function and hemodynamics were evaluated. RESULTS Echo-Doppler parameters of LV and RV function were lower, both at rest and at peak exercise in hypertensives, while pulmonary hemodynamics were higher as compared to healthy subjects. The entire cohort was then divided into tertiles of age: at rest, no significant differences were recorded for each age group between hypertensives and normotensives except for E/E' that was higher in hypertensives. At peak exercise, hypertensives had higher pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) and E/E' but lower tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) as age increased, compared to normotensives. Differences in E/E' and TAPSE between the 2 groups at peak exercise were explained by the interaction between HTN and age even after adjustment for baseline values (p < 0.001 for E/E', p = 0.011 for TAPSE). At peak exercise, the oldest group of hypertensive patients had a mean E/E' of 13.0, suggesting a significant increase in LV diastolic pressure combined with increased PASP. CONCLUSION Age and HTN have a synergic negative effect on E/E' and TAPSE at peak exercise in hypertensive subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Vriz
- Cardiac Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia;
- School of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paolo Palatini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy;
| | - Lawrence Rudski
- Azrieli Heart Center and Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada;
| | - Paolo Frumento
- Department of Political Sciences, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Jarosław D. Kasprzak
- Department of Cardiology, Bieganski Hospital, Medical University, 91-347 Lodz, Poland; (J.D.K.); (K.W.-D.)
| | - Francesco Ferrara
- Heart Department, University Hospital of Salerno, 84131 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Rosangela Cocchia
- Division of Cardiology, A Cardarelli Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.C.); (V.C.); (R.A.); (S.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Luna Gargani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Karina Wierzbowska-Drabik
- Department of Cardiology, Bieganski Hospital, Medical University, 91-347 Lodz, Poland; (J.D.K.); (K.W.-D.)
| | - Valentina Capone
- Division of Cardiology, A Cardarelli Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.C.); (V.C.); (R.A.); (S.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Brigida Ranieri
- IRCCS Synlab SDN, 80143 Naples, Italy; (B.R.); (A.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Andrea Salzano
- IRCCS Synlab SDN, 80143 Naples, Italy; (B.R.); (A.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Anna Agnese Stanziola
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Monaldi Hospital, University “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Alberto Maria Marra
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.M.M.); (S.R.); (T.S.); (R.M.); (N.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Roberto Annunziata
- Division of Cardiology, A Cardarelli Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.C.); (V.C.); (R.A.); (S.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Salvatore Chianese
- Division of Cardiology, A Cardarelli Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.C.); (V.C.); (R.A.); (S.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Salvatore Rega
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.M.M.); (S.R.); (T.S.); (R.M.); (N.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Teresa Saltalamacchia
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.M.M.); (S.R.); (T.S.); (R.M.); (N.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Renato Maramaldi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.M.M.); (S.R.); (T.S.); (R.M.); (N.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Chiara Sepe
- Division of Cardiology, A Cardarelli Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.C.); (V.C.); (R.A.); (S.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Division of Cardiology, Monaldi Hospital, Second University of Naples, 81100 Naples, Italy; (G.L.); (M.D.)
| | | | - Antonello D’Andrea
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Coronary Unit, “Umberto I” Hospital, 84014 Nocera Inferiore, Italy;
| | - Michele D’Alto
- Division of Cardiology, Monaldi Hospital, Second University of Naples, 81100 Naples, Italy; (G.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Raffaele Izzo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.M.M.); (S.R.); (T.S.); (R.M.); (N.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Ciro Mauro
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Antonio Cittadini
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.M.M.); (S.R.); (T.S.); (R.M.); (N.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Grünig Ekkehard
- Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Marco Guazzi
- Heart Failure Unit, Cardiopulmonary Laboratory, University Cardiology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato University Hospital, 20097 Milan, Italy;
| | - Eduardo Bossone
- Division of Cardiology, A Cardarelli Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.C.); (V.C.); (R.A.); (S.C.); (C.S.)
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Zamfirescu MB, Ghilencea LN, Popescu MR, Bejan GC, Maher SM, Popescu AC, Dorobanțu M. The E/e' Ratio-Role in Risk Stratification of Acute Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57040375. [PMID: 33924367 PMCID: PMC8070491 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57040375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains a worldwide management problem. Although there is a general effort for characterizing this population, few studies have assessed the predictive value of the echocardiographic E/e’ ratio in patients with acute HFpEF. The aim of the study was to identify groups with different prognosis in patients hospitalized with a first acute episode of HFpEF. Materials and Methods: The primary endpoint of the study was heart failure readmissions (HFR) at 6 months, while the secondary outcome was six-month mortality. We consecutively enrolled 91 patients hospitalized for the first time with acute HFpEF. We examined the E/e’ ratio as an independent predictor for HFR using univariate regression. Results: We identified and validated the E/e’ ratio as an independent predictor for HFR. An E/e’ ratio threshold value of 13.80 was calculated [(area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) = 0.693, sensitivity = 78.60%, specificity = 55%, p < 0.004)] and validated as an inflection point for an increased number of HFR. Thus, we divided the study cohort into two groups: group 1 with an E/e’ ratio < 13.80 (n = 39) and group 2 with an E/e’ ratio > 13.80 (n = 49). Compared to group 1, group 2 had an increased number of HFR (p = 0.003) and a shorter time to first HFR (p = 0.002). However, this parameter did not influence all-cause mortality within six months (p = 0.84). Conclusions: The dimensionless E/e’ ratio is a useful discriminator between patients with acute HFpEF. An E/e’ value over 13.80 represents a simple, yet effective instrument for assessing the HFR risk. However, all-cause mortality at six months is not influenced by the E/e’ ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena-Brîndușa Zamfirescu
- Cardiothoracic Pathology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-B.Z.); (G.C.B.); (A.-C.P.); (M.D.)
- Department of Cardiology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liviu-Nicolae Ghilencea
- Cardiothoracic Pathology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-B.Z.); (G.C.B.); (A.-C.P.); (M.D.)
- Department of Cardiology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (L.-N.G.); (M.-R.P.); Tel.: +44-753-504-3647 (L.-N.G.); +40-723-583-365 (M.-R.P.)
| | - Mihaela-Roxana Popescu
- Cardiothoracic Pathology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-B.Z.); (G.C.B.); (A.-C.P.); (M.D.)
- Department of Cardiology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (L.-N.G.); (M.-R.P.); Tel.: +44-753-504-3647 (L.-N.G.); +40-723-583-365 (M.-R.P.)
| | - Gabriel Cristian Bejan
- Cardiothoracic Pathology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-B.Z.); (G.C.B.); (A.-C.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Sean Martin Maher
- Department of Accidents and Emergencies, St. Vincent University Hospital, D04 N2E0 Dublin 4, Ireland;
| | - Andreea-Catarina Popescu
- Cardiothoracic Pathology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-B.Z.); (G.C.B.); (A.-C.P.); (M.D.)
- Department of Cardiology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Dorobanțu
- Cardiothoracic Pathology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-B.Z.); (G.C.B.); (A.-C.P.); (M.D.)
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic Emergency Hospital, 20322 Bucharest, Romania
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6
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Donal E, Galli E, Paven E, Sade LE. Haemodynamic evaluation: a key tool for heart failure management. Ultrasounds forever! Eur J Heart Fail 2020; 23:713-715. [PMID: 33215841 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Donal
- CHU Rennes, Inserm, LTSI - UMR 1099, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Elena Galli
- CHU Rennes, Inserm, LTSI - UMR 1099, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Elise Paven
- CHU Rennes, Inserm, LTSI - UMR 1099, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Leyla Elif Sade
- Department of Cardiology, University of Baskent, Ankara, Turkey
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7
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Pieske B, Tschöpe C, de Boer RA, Fraser AG, Anker SD, Donal E, Edelmann F, Fu M, Guazzi M, Lam CSP, Lancellotti P, Melenovsky V, Morris DA, Nagel E, Pieske-Kraigher E, Ponikowski P, Solomon SD, Vasan RS, Rutten FH, Voors AA, Ruschitzka F, Paulus WJ, Seferovic P, Filippatos G. How to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the HFA-PEFF diagnostic algorithm: a consensus recommendation from the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2020; 40:3297-3317. [PMID: 31504452 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 842] [Impact Index Per Article: 210.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Making a firm diagnosis of chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains a challenge. We recommend a new stepwise diagnostic process, the 'HFA-PEFF diagnostic algorithm'. Step 1 (P=Pre-test assessment) is typically performed in the ambulatory setting and includes assessment for HF symptoms and signs, typical clinical demographics (obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, elderly, atrial fibrillation), and diagnostic laboratory tests, electrocardiogram, and echocardiography. In the absence of overt non-cardiac causes of breathlessness, HFpEF can be suspected if there is a normal left ventricular ejection fraction, no significant heart valve disease or cardiac ischaemia, and at least one typical risk factor. Elevated natriuretic peptides support, but normal levels do not exclude a diagnosis of HFpEF. The second step (E: Echocardiography and Natriuretic Peptide Score) requires comprehensive echocardiography and is typically performed by a cardiologist. Measures include mitral annular early diastolic velocity (e'), left ventricular (LV) filling pressure estimated using E/e', left atrial volume index, LV mass index, LV relative wall thickness, tricuspid regurgitation velocity, LV global longitudinal systolic strain, and serum natriuretic peptide levels. Major (2 points) and Minor (1 point) criteria were defined from these measures. A score ≥5 points implies definite HFpEF; ≤1 point makes HFpEF unlikely. An intermediate score (2-4 points) implies diagnostic uncertainty, in which case Step 3 (F1: Functional testing) is recommended with echocardiographic or invasive haemodynamic exercise stress tests. Step 4 (F2: Final aetiology) is recommended to establish a possible specific cause of HFpEF or alternative explanations. Further research is needed for a better classification of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Partner Site, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Germany
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Partner Site, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charite, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Partner Site, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charite, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Germany
| | - Erwan Donal
- Cardiology and CIC, IT1414, CHU de Rennes LTSI, Université Rennes-1, INSERM 1099, Rennes, France
| | - Frank Edelmann
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Partner Site, Germany
| | - Michael Fu
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hosptal/Ostra, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Marco Guazzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre, Singapore & Duke-National University of Singapore.,University Medical Centre Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrizio Lancellotti
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, University of Liège Hospital, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vojtech Melenovsky
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel A Morris
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum
| | - Eike Nagel
- Institute for Experimental and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, University Hospital Frankfurt.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Pieske-Kraigher
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum
| | | | - Scott D Solomon
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frans H Rutten
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A Voors
- University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Ruschitzka
- University Heart Centre, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter J Paulus
- Department of Physiology and Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Petar Seferovic
- University of Belgrade School of Medicine, Belgrade University Medical Center, Serbia
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School; University Hospital "Attikon", Athens, Greece.,University of Cyprus, School of Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
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8
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Hubert A, Le Rolle V, Galli E, Bidaud A, Hernandez A, Donal E. New expectations for diastolic function assessment in transthoracic echocardiography based on a semi-automated computing of strain–volume loops. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 21:1366-1371. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeaa123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Early diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) by determination of diastolic dysfunction is challenging. Strain–volume loop (SVL) is a new tool to analyse left ventricular function. We propose a new semi-automated method to calculate SVL area and explore the added value of this index for diastolic function assessment.
Method and results
Fifty patients (25 amyloidosis, 25 HFpEF) were included in the study and compared with 25 healthy control subjects. Left ventricular ejection fraction was preserved and similar between groups. Classical indices of diastolic function were pathological in HFpEF and amyloidosis groups with greater left atrial volume index, greater mitral average E/e’ ratio, faster tricuspid regurgitation (P < 0.0001 compared with controls). SVL analysis demonstrated a significant difference of the global area between groups, with the smaller area in amyloidosis group, the greater in controls and a mid-range value in HFpEF group (37 vs. 120 vs. 72 mL.%, respectively, P < 0.0001). Applying a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifier, results show a mean area under the curve of 0.91 for the comparison between HFpEF and amyloidosis groups.
Conclusion
SVLs area is efficient to identify patients with a diastolic dysfunction. This new semi-automated tool is very promising for future development of automated diagnosis with machine-learning algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Hubert
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, LTSI – UMR 1099, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Virginie Le Rolle
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, LTSI – UMR 1099, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Elena Galli
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, LTSI – UMR 1099, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Auriane Bidaud
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, LTSI – UMR 1099, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Alfredo Hernandez
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, LTSI – UMR 1099, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Erwan Donal
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, LTSI – UMR 1099, F-35000 Rennes, France
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9
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Pieske B, Tschöpe C, de Boer RA, Fraser AG, Anker SD, Donal E, Edelmann F, Fu M, Guazzi M, Lam CSP, Lancellotti P, Melenovsky V, Morris DA, Nagel E, Pieske-Kraigher E, Ponikowski P, Solomon SD, Vasan RS, Rutten FH, Voors AA, Ruschitzka F, Paulus WJ, Seferovic P, Filippatos G. How to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the HFA-PEFF diagnostic algorithm: a consensus recommendation from the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur J Heart Fail 2020; 22:391-412. [PMID: 32133741 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Making a firm diagnosis of chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains a challenge. We recommend a new stepwise diagnostic process, the 'HFA-PEFF diagnostic algorithm'. Step 1 (P=Pre-test assessment) is typically performed in the ambulatory setting and includes assessment for heart failure symptoms and signs, typical clinical demographics (obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, elderly, atrial fibrillation), and diagnostic laboratory tests, electrocardiogram, and echocardiography. In the absence of overt non-cardiac causes of breathlessness, HFpEF can be suspected if there is a normal left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, no significant heart valve disease or cardiac ischaemia, and at least one typical risk factor. Elevated natriuretic peptides support, but normal levels do not exclude a diagnosis of HFpEF. The second step (E: Echocardiography and Natriuretic Peptide Score) requires comprehensive echocardiography and is typically performed by a cardiologist. Measures include mitral annular early diastolic velocity (e'), LV filling pressure estimated using E/e', left atrial volume index, LV mass index, LV relative wall thickness, tricuspid regurgitation velocity, LV global longitudinal systolic strain, and serum natriuretic peptide levels. Major (2 points) and Minor (1 point) criteria were defined from these measures. A score ≥5 points implies definite HFpEF; ≤1 point makes HFpEF unlikely. An intermediate score (2-4 points) implies diagnostic uncertainty, in which case Step 3 (F1 : Functional testing) is recommended with echocardiographic or invasive haemodynamic exercise stress tests. Step 4 (F2 : Final aetiology) is recommended to establish a possible specific cause of HFpEF or alternative explanations. Further research is needed for a better classification of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Partner Site, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Germany
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Partner Site, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charite, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Partner Site, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charite, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Germany
| | - Erwan Donal
- Cardiology and CIC, IT1414, CHU de Rennes LTSI, Université Rennes-1, INSERM 1099, Rennes, France
| | - Frank Edelmann
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Partner Site, Germany
| | - Michael Fu
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hosptal/Ostra, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Marco Guazzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre, Singapore & Duke-National University of Singapore.,University Medical Centre Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrizio Lancellotti
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, University of Liège Hospital, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vojtech Melenovsky
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel A Morris
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum
| | - Eike Nagel
- Institute for Experimental and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, University Hospital Frankfurt.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Pieske-Kraigher
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum
| | | | - Scott D Solomon
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frans H Rutten
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A Voors
- University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Ruschitzka
- University Heart Centre, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter J Paulus
- Department of Physiology and Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Petar Seferovic
- University of Belgrade School of Medicine, Belgrade University Medical Center, Serbia
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School; University Hospital "Attikon", Athens, Greece.,University of Cyprus, School of Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
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10
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Ponikowski P, Spoletini I, Coats AJS, Piepoli MF, Rosano GMC. Heart rate and blood pressure monitoring in heart failure. Eur Heart J Suppl 2019; 21:M13-M16. [PMID: 31908609 PMCID: PMC6937500 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suz217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It has been long known that incessant tachycardia and severe hypertension can cause heart failure (HF). In recent years, it has also been recognized that more modest elevations in either heart rate (HR) or blood pressure (BP), if sustained, can be a risk factor both for the development of HF and for mortality in patients with established HF. Heart rate and BP are thus both modifiable risk factors in the setting of HF. What is less clear is the question whether routine systematic monitoring of these simple physiological parameters to a target value can offer clinical benefits. Measuring these parameters clinically during patient review is recommended in HF management in most HF guidelines, both in the acute and chronic phases of the disease. More sophisticated systems now allow long-term automatic or remote monitoring of HR and BP and whether this more detailed patient information can improve clinical outcomes will require prospective RCTs to evaluate. In addition, analysis of patterns of both HR and BP variability can give insights into autonomic function, which is also frequently abnormal in HF. This window into autonomic dysfunction in our HF patients can also provide further independent prognostic information and may in itself be target for future interventional therapies. This article, developed during a consensus meeting of the Heart Failure Association of the ESC concerning the role of physiological monitoring in the complex multi-morbid HF patient, highlights the importance of repeated assessment of HR and BP in HF, and reviews gaps in our knowledge and potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Ponikowski
- Department of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.,Centre for Heart Diseases, Military Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ilaria Spoletini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Centre for Clinical and Basic Research, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, via della Pisana, 235, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrew J S Coats
- Department of Medical Sciences, Centre for Clinical and Basic Research, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, via della Pisana, 235, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe M C Rosano
- Department of Medical Sciences, Centre for Clinical and Basic Research, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, via della Pisana, 235, 00163 Rome, Italy
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11
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Čelutkienė J, Spoletini I, Coats AJS, Chioncel O. Left ventricular function monitoring in heart failure. Eur Heart J Suppl 2019; 21:M17-M19. [PMID: 31908610 PMCID: PMC6937514 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suz218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Imaging modalities are used for screening, risk stratification and monitoring of heart failure (HF). In particular, echocardiography represents the cornerstone in the assessment of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Despite the well-known limitations of LV ejection fraction, this parameter, repeated assessment of LV function is recommended for the diagnosis and care of patients with HF and provides prognostic information. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) has an essential role in phenotyping and appropriate guiding of the therapy of patients with chronic HF. This document reflects the key points concerning monitoring LV function discussed at a consensus meeting on physiological monitoring in the complex multi-morbid HF patient under the auspices of the Heart Failure Association of the ESC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Čelutkienė
- Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty of Vilnius University, Santariskiu str. 2, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ilaria Spoletini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Centre for Clinical and Basic Research, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrew J S Coats
- Department of Medical Sciences, Centre for Clinical and Basic Research, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Ovidiu Chioncel
- Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases-"Prof. C.C.Iliescu", Bucharest; University of Medicine Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
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12
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Diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound for identification of elevated left ventricular filling pressure. Int J Cardiol 2019; 281:62-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Donal E, Galli E. Clinical relevance of spectral tissue Doppler-derived E/e' in the diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: reply. Eur J Heart Fail 2018; 20:941-942. [DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Donal
- Cardiology and CIC-IT1414, CHU de Rennes LTSI; Université Rennes-1, INSERM 1099; Rennes France
| | - Elena Galli
- Cardiology and CIC-IT1414, CHU de Rennes LTSI; Université Rennes-1, INSERM 1099; Rennes France
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14
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Arques S. Clinical relevance of spectral tissue Doppler-derived E/e' in the diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail 2017; 20:941. [PMID: 29193565 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Arques
- Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Edmond Garcin, Aubagne, France
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