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Murai N, Koyanagi-Aoi M, Terashi H, Aoi T. Re-generation of cytotoxic γδT cells with distinctive signatures from human γδT-derived iPSCs. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:853-868. [PMID: 36963392 PMCID: PMC10147660 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
For a long time, ex vivo-expanded peripheral-blood-derived γδT cell (PBγδT)-based immunotherapy has been attractive, and clinical trials have been undertaken. However, the difficulty in expanding cytotoxic γδT cells to an adequate number has been a major limitation to the efficacy of treatment in most cases. We successfully re-generated γδT cells from γδT cell-derived human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The iPSC-derived γδT cells (iγδTs) killed several cancer types in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted manner. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) revealed that the iγδTs were identical to a minor subset of PBγδTs. Compared with a major subset of PBγδTs, the iγδTs showed a distinctive gene expression pattern: lower CD2, CD5, and antigen-presenting genes; higher CD7, KIT, and natural killer (NK) cell markers. The iγδTs expressed granzyme B and perforin but not interferon gamma (IFNγ). Our data provide a new source for γδT cell-based immunotherapy without quantitative limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Murai
- Division of Stem Cell Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; Division of Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; Division of Plastic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Michiyo Koyanagi-Aoi
- Division of Stem Cell Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; Division of Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; Center for Human Resource Development for Regenerative Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Terashi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takashi Aoi
- Division of Stem Cell Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; Division of Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; Center for Human Resource Development for Regenerative Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
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2
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Abstract
γδ T cells represent a small population of overall T lymphocytes (0.5-5%) and have variable tissue distribution in the body. γδ T cells can perform complex functions, such as immune surveillance, immunoregulation, and effector function, without undergoing clonal expansion. Heterogeneous distribution and anatomic localization of γδ T cells in the normal and inflamed tissues play an important role in alloimmunity, autoimmunity, or immunity. The cross-talk between γδ T cells and other immune cells and phenotypic and functional plasticity of γδ T cells have been given recent attention in the field of immunology. In this review, we discussed the cellular and molecular interaction of γδ T cells with other immune cells and its mechanism in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Paul
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Shilpi
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Girdhari Lal
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Pune, India
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3
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Hwang SE, Kim JH, Yu HC, Murakami G, Cho BH. Lymphocyte Subpopulations in the Liver, Spleen, Intestines, and Mesenteric Nodes: An Immunohistochemical Study Using Human Fetuses at 15-16 Weeks. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2014; 297:1478-89. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si Eun Hwang
- Department of Surgery; Daejeon Sun Hospital; Daejeon Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy; Chonbuk National University Medical School; Jeonju Korea
| | - Hee Chul Yu
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Research Institute; Chonbuk National University Hospital; Jeonju Korea
| | - Gen Murakami
- Division of Internal Medicine; Iwamizawa Kojin-kai Hospital; Iwamizawa Japan
| | - Baik Hwan Cho
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Research Institute; Chonbuk National University Hospital; Jeonju Korea
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4
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McVay LD, Jaswal SS, Kennedy C, Hayday A, Carding SR. The Generation of Human γδ T Cell Repertoires During Fetal Development. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.12.5851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The nature of how human γδ T cells are normally generated is not clear. We have used an RT-PCR assay and DNA sequencing to identify and compare δ-encoded TCRs (TCRDs) that are generated de novo in the fetal gut, liver, and thymus and to determine when, where, and how the TCRD repertoire is established during normal embryonic development. Rearranged TCRDV genes are first expressed outside of the thymus in the liver and primitive gut between 6 and 9 wk gestation. Although DV1Rs and/or DV2Rs predominated, differences in the pattern of TCRDV gene rearrangement and transcription in each tissue during ontogeny were identified. Specific, DV2-encoded TCRs are highly conserved throughout ontogeny in the tissues from the same and between genetically distinct donors. Although the thymic and intestinal γδ T cell repertoires partially overlap early in development, they diverge and become nonoverlapping during the second trimester, and the generation of the intestinal γδ T cell repertoire is characterized by differences in the processing of DV1Rs and DV2Rs. Whereas the structural diversity of DV1Rs progressively increases during gut development up to birth, DV2Rs have limited structural diversity throughout ontogeny. Together, our findings provide evidence for the ability of different fetal tissues to support the development of γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila D. McVay
- *Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Sheila S. Jaswal
- *Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Christine Kennedy
- *Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Adrian Hayday
- †Department of Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Simon R. Carding
- *Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
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5
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Changes in Human Mucosal γδ T Cell Repertoire and Function Associated with the Disease Process in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Mol Med 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03401672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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6
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Zhang XM, Cathala G, Soua Z, Lefranc MP, Huck S. The human T-cell receptor gamma variable pseudogene V10 is a distinctive marker of human speciation. Immunogenetics 1996; 43:196-203. [PMID: 8575818 DOI: 10.1007/bf00587300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The V10 variable gene of the human T-cell receptor gamma locus (TCRG-V10), the only member of the subgroup III, has a structural defect which inhibits the splicing of the leader intron. We show that there is a single point mutation in the V10 leader donor splice site responsible for this situation and that this mutation is found in the different populations tested, indicating that V10 corresponds to a pseudogene in humans. We restored the splice site by mutagenesis and obtained correct splicing in vitro. Analysis of the V10 germline gene in different primates reveals functional splice sites in the closest human apes, the chimpanzee and the gorilla. The splice competence of TCRG-V10 in higher primates was addressed in peripheral blood lymphocytes from chimpanzee by specific cDNA amplification, and correct splicing of the TCRG-V10 leader intron was found as well as a majority of in frame rearrangements involving only the TCRG-J1 or J2 segments. These results suggest that V10(+)gamma /delta T cells may represent an important subset in the non-human higher primates, contrary to the situation observed in the human.
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Affiliation(s)
- X M Zhang
- Laboratoire d ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, UMR9942, Universités Montpellier I et II, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, BP5051, 34033 Montpellier cedex 1, France
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7
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Haynes BF, Heinly CS. Early human T cell development: analysis of the human thymus at the time of initial entry of hematopoietic stem cells into the fetal thymic microenvironment. J Exp Med 1995; 181:1445-58. [PMID: 7699329 PMCID: PMC2191968 DOI: 10.1084/jem.181.4.1445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine events that transpire during the earliest stages of human T cell development, we have studied fetal tissues before (7 wk), during (8.2 wk), and after (9.5 wk to birth) colonization of the fetal thymic rudiment with hematopoietic stem cells. Calculation of the approximate volumes of the 7- and 8.2-wk thymuses revealed a 35-fold increase in thymic volumes during this time, with 7-wk thymus height of 160 microM and volume of 0.008 mm3, and 8.2-wk thymus height of 1044 microM and volume of 0.296 mm3. Human thymocytes in the 8.2-wk thymus were CD4+ CD8 alpha+ and cytoplasmic CD3 epsilon+ cCD3 delta+ CD8 beta- and CD3 zetta-. Only 5% of 8-wk thymocytes were T cell receptor (TCR)-beta+, < 0.1% were TCR-gamma+, and none reacted with monoclonal antibodies against TCR-delta. During the first 16 wk of gestation, we observed developmentally regulated expression of CD2 and CD8 beta (appearing at 9.5 wk), CD1a,b, and c molecules (CD1b, then CD1c, then CD1a), TCR molecules (TCR-beta, then TCR-delta), CD45RA and CD45RO isoforms, CD28 (10 wk), CD3 zeta (12-13 wk), and CD6 (12,75 wk). Whereas CD2 was not expressed at the time of initiation of thymic lymphopoiesis, a second CD58 ligand, CD48, was expressed at 8.2 wk, suggesting a role for CD48 early in thymic development. Taken together, these data define sequential phenotypic and morphologic changes that occur in human thymus coincident with thymus colonization by hematopoietic stem cells and provide insight into the molecules that are involved in the earliest stages of human T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Haynes
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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8
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Zhang XM, Tonnelle C, Lefranc MP, Huck S. T cell receptor gamma cDNA in human fetal liver and thymus: variable regions of gamma chains are restricted to V gamma I or V9, due to the absence of splicing of the V10 and V11 leader intron. Eur J Immunol 1994; 24:571-8. [PMID: 8125127 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830240312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Although complete in-frame transcripts of the human T cell receptor gamma V10 and V11 genes have been described, the corresponding gamma chains have never been found in gamma delta T cell receptors. In this study, we show that the leader intron of all V10 and V11 cDNA isolated from fetal thymus, fetal liver and adult peripheral blood lymphocytes are unspliced. We demonstrate that, due to the absence of splicing, V10 and V11 are pseudogenes and cannot be expressed in gamma chains. They are the first pseudogenes of this type described in a rearranging T cell receptor/immunoglobulin locus. Therefore the gamma repertoire at the protein level is limited to subgroup V gamma I and to V9. By analysis of the gamma polymerase chain reaction products from total cDNA, we find that the gamma locus is active in early ontogeny (8 weeks), as shown by the presence of rearranged V9 and V10 gene transcripts in the liver. At 13 weeks, the V gamma I genes as well as V9 and V10 have undergone productive rearrangements in the liver, and in the thymus. Most rearrangements, if not all, involve the T cell receptor gamma C1 region (JP1, JP, J1 segments) in both tissues, confirming the accessibility of the C1 region in early stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- X M Zhang
- Laboratoire d'Immunogénétique Moléculaire, Montpellier, France
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9
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Erbach GT, Semple JP, Osathanondh R, Kurnick JT. Phenotypic characteristics of lymphoid populations of middle gestation human fetal liver, spleen and thymus. J Reprod Immunol 1993; 25:81-8. [PMID: 8271241 DOI: 10.1016/0165-0378(93)90043-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mononuclear cells isolated from liver, spleen and thymus of fetuses between 18 and 24 weeks gestational age were stained for a number of lymphoid cell markers by indirect immunofluorescence and analyzed by flow cytometry. Studies were carried out on freshly isolated mononuclear cell preparations and on cultured cells after selective expansion in interleukin 2 (IL2). Many mononuclear cells in fresh isolates of liver and spleen could not be identified with antibodies to mature T- and B-cell markers. An average of 3% of isolated liver cells and 34% of isolated spleen cells stained positively for CD3, and 19% of liver cells and 37% of spleen cells stained positively for CD20. Lymphoid cells of the fetal thymus were an average 67% CD3+, 76% CD4+, 84% CD8+, and showed greater CD45RO staining (93%) than mononuclear cells of other tissues. Propagation of liver and spleen cell populations in culture favored CD3 phenotypes and CD8 phenotypes. Propagated T cell populations of liver and spleen were primarily TCR alpha/beta+ (81% in liver, 85% in spleen), suggesting a selective advantage in IL2 expansion of alpha/beta T cells over gamma/delta T cells. Propagated gamma/delta T cells of liver and spleen were predominantly TCR gamma/delta 2+. Whereas propagated cells of liver and spleen consisted of approximately 10% gamma/delta+ cells, thymus-derived cells expanded in culture were only an average of 2% TCR gamma/delta+, demonstrating a rarity of IL2-responsive gamma/delta T cells in middle gestation fetal thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T Erbach
- Pathology Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital-East, Boston
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10
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Wucherpfennig KW, Liao YJ, Prendergast M, Prendergast J, Hafler DA, Strominger JL. Human fetal liver gamma/delta T cells predominantly use unusual rearrangements of the T cell receptor delta and gamma loci expressed on both CD4+CD8- and CD4-CD8- gamma/delta T cells. J Exp Med 1993; 177:425-32. [PMID: 8093893 PMCID: PMC2190895 DOI: 10.1084/jem.177.2.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial numbers of both alpha/beta and gamma/delta T cells are present in human fetal liver, which suggests a role of the fetal liver in T cell development. The diversity of fetal liver T cell receptor (TCR) gamma and delta chain rearrangements was examined among both CD4+CD8- and CD4-CD8- gamma/delta T cell clones. In addition, TCR delta chain transcripts from three fetal livers were sequenced after polymerase chain reaction amplification of TCR delta chains with V delta 1 or V delta 2 rearrangements. Five of six fetal liver gamma/delta T cell clones had a V delta 2-D delta 3-J delta 3 gene rearrangement with limited junctional diversity; three of these clones had an unusual CD4+CD8- phenotype. V delta 2-D delta 3-J delta 3 gene rearrangements were also common among both in-frame and out-of-frame transcripts from three fetal livers, indicating that they are the result of an ordered rearrangement process. TCR gamma chain sequences of the fetal liver gamma/delta T cell clones revealed V gamma 1-J gamma 2.3, V gamma 2-J gamma 1.2, and V gamma 3-J gamma 1.1 rearrangements with minimal incorporation of template-independent N region nucleotides. TCR gamma chain rearrangements found in these fetal liver T cell clones were different from those that have been observed among early thymic gamma/delta T cell populations, while similar TCR delta chain rearrangements are found among gamma/delta T cells from both sites. These data demonstrate that the fetal liver harbors gamma/delta T cell populations distinct from those found in the fetal thymus, suggesting that the fetal liver is a site of gamma/delta T cell development in humans. These unusual T cell populations may serve a specific function in the fetal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Wucherpfennig
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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11
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Wen L, Peakman M, Mieli-Vergani G, Vergani D. Elevation of activated gamma delta T cell receptor bearing T lymphocytes in patients with autoimmune chronic liver disease. Clin Exp Immunol 1992; 89:78-82. [PMID: 1385768 PMCID: PMC1554410 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1992.tb06881.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the possible role of T cells bearing the gamma delta T cell receptor (TCR) heterodimer in the pathogenesis of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (AI-CAH) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) in children, we measured levels of gamma delta+ T cells in the peripheral blood, assessed the proportion of cells bearing the disulphide-linked (BB3+) and non-disulphide-linked (A13+) subtypes of the receptor, and studied the co-expression of TCR-gamma delta and the activation markers HLA-DR and IL-2 receptor (IL-2R), and the memory cell marker CD45RO. Percentage levels and absolute numbers of gamma delta +T cells were higher in both groups of patients than in controls (P less than 0.01), mainly as a result of an increase in both percentage levels and absolute numbers of the A13+ subtype (P less than 0.001). Co-expression of IL-2R and TCR-gamma delta was not found in controls but was present in some patients with AI-CAH (four out of 17) and PSC (six out of 12) at low levels (median 2.3%, range 1.7-5.0%). Expression of HLA-DR on gamma delta+ T cells was similar in both groups of patients and controls. The majority of gamma delta+ T cells in children with AI-CAH and PSC also expressed CD45RO (74.7 +/- 18.4% and 79.8 +/- 24.3%, respectively) at levels significantly higher than in controls (53.3 +/- 17.2%, P less than 0.01). These results suggest that autoimmune liver diseases in children are associated with an expansion and activation of gamma delta+ T cells in the peripheral blood, which may be important in the pathogenesis of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wen
- Department of Immunology, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lefrançois
- Department of Cell Biology, Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Mich 49001
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13
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Gottstein B. Echinococcus multilocularis infection: immunology and immunodiagnosis. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 1992; 31:321-80. [PMID: 1496929 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-308x(08)60024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Gottstein
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
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14
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Spits H, Yssel H, Brockelhurst C, Krangel M. Evidence for controlled gene rearrangements and cytokine production during development of human TCR gamma delta+ lymphocytes. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1991; 173:47-55. [PMID: 1833159 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-76492-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Spits
- DNAX Research Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1104
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15
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McVay LD, Hayday AC, Bottomly K, Carding SR. Thymic and extrathymic development of human gamma/delta T cells. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1991; 173:57-63. [PMID: 1833160 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-76492-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L D McVay
- Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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16
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Carding SR, Kyes S, Jenkinson EJ, Kingston R, Bottomly K, Owen JJ, Hayday AC. Developmentally regulated fetal thymic and extrathymic T-cell receptor gamma delta gene expression. Genes Dev 1990; 4:1304-15. [PMID: 2227410 DOI: 10.1101/gad.4.8.1304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The gamma delta T-cell receptor (TCR) is the first TCR to be expressed in ontogeny in all vertebrates in which it has been examined thoroughly. Murine gamma delta cell-surface protein is detected by the fourteenth day of gestation. In this work, the activation of gamma delta RNA has been studied. Data indicate that the first TCR protein to appear in the thymus is encoded by gamma genes that are activated after cells colonize the thymus. However, the sequential appearance of different gamma delta TCR proteins during thymic ontogeny cannot be readily explained by differential temporal activation of V gamma genes in the thymus. There are distinct patterns of gamma and delta gene expression during fetal liver development and in the fetal gut (or tissue associated with it). Cells apparent in the liver of mice at birth express gamma delta cell-surface protein, but they disappear from the liver very soon afterward. One V gamma gene is rearranged and expressed prethymically. In addition, gamma gene expression is detectable in the livers of newborn athymic mice. Together, these observations indicate a thymic-independent pathway of activation of TCR genes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn/genetics
- Blotting, Southern
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Digestive System/embryology
- Digestive System/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte
- Gestational Age
- Liver/embryology
- Liver/immunology
- Liver/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Organ Specificity/genetics
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Thymus Gland/embryology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- Thymus Gland/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Carding
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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