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Castro CD, Boughter CT, Broughton AE, Ramesh A, Adams EJ. Diversity in recognition and function of human γδ T cells. Immunol Rev 2020; 298:134-152. [PMID: 33136294 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As interest increases in harnessing the potential power of tissue-resident cells for human health and disease, γδ T cells have been thrust into the limelight due to their prevalence in peripheral tissues, their sentinel-like phenotypes, and their unique antigen recognition capabilities. This review focuses primarily on human γδ T cells, highlighting their distinctive characteristics including antigen recognition, function, and development, with an emphasis on where they differ from their αβ T cell comparators, as well as from γδ T cell populations in the mouse. We review the antigens that have been identified thus far to regulate members of the human Vδ1 population and discuss what players are involved in transducing phosphoantigen-mediated signals to human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. We also briefly review distinguishing features of these cells in terms of TCR signaling, use of coreceptor and costimulatory molecules and their development. These cells have great potential to be harnessed in a clinical setting, but caution must be taken to understand their unique capabilities and how they differ from the populations to which they are commonly compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin D Castro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher T Boughter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Augusta E Broughton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amrita Ramesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Interdisciplinary Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erin J Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Interdisciplinary Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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2
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Walker MG. Gene expression versus sequence for predicting function: Glia Maturation Factor gamma is not a glia maturation factor. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2005; 1:52-7. [PMID: 15626333 PMCID: PMC5172355 DOI: 10.1016/s1672-0229(03)01007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is standard practice, whenever a researcher finds a new gene, to search databases for genes that have a similar sequence. It is not standard practice, whenever a researcher finds a new gene, to search for genes that have similar expression (co-expression). Failure to perform co-expression searches has lead to incorrect conclusions about the likely function of new genes, and has lead to wasted laboratory attempts to confirm functions incorrectly predicted. We present here the example of Glia Maturation Factor gamma (GMF-gamma). Despite its name, it has not been shown to participate in glia maturation. It is a gene of unknown function that is similar in sequence to GMF-beta. The sequence homology and chromosomal location led to an unsuccessful search for GMF-gamma mutations in glioma. We examined GMF-gamma expression in 1432 human cDNA libraries. Highest expression occurs in phagocytic, antigen-presenting and other hematopoietic cells. We found GMF-gamma mRNA in almost every tissue examined, with expression in nervous tissue no higher than in any other tissue. Our evidence indicates that GMF-gamma participates in phagocytosis in antigen presenting cells. Searches for genes with similar sequences should be supplemented with searches for genes with similar expression to avoid incorrect predictions.
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3
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Godfrey DI, MacDonald HR, Kronenberg M, Smyth MJ, Van Kaer L. NKT cells: what's in a name? Nat Rev Immunol 2004; 4:231-7. [PMID: 15039760 DOI: 10.1038/nri1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 929] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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4
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Pennington DJ, Silva-Santos B, Shires J, Theodoridis E, Pollitt C, Wise EL, Tigelaar RE, Owen MJ, Hayday AC. The inter-relatedness and interdependence of mouse T cell receptor γδ+ and αβ+ cells. Nat Immunol 2003; 4:991-8. [PMID: 14502287 DOI: 10.1038/ni979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2003] [Accepted: 08/26/2003] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although T cell receptor (TCR)gammadelta+ and TCRalphabeta+ cells are commonly viewed as functionally independent, their relatedness and potential interdependence remain enigmatic. Here we have identified a gene profile that distinguishes mouse gammadelta cell populations from conventional alphabeta T cells. However, this profile was also expressed by sets of unconventional alphabeta T cells. Therefore, whereas TCR specificity determines the involvement of a T cell in an immune response, the cell's functional potential, as assessed by gene expression, does not segregate with the TCR. By monitoring the described gene profile, we show that gammadelta T cell development and function in TCRbeta-deficient mice was impaired because of the absence of alphabeta T cell progenitors. Thus, normal gammadelta cell development is dependent on the development of conventional alphabeta T cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cyclic AMP Response Element Modulator
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/immunology
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor/genetics
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor/immunology
- H-Y Antigen/genetics
- H-Y Antigen/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Repressor Proteins
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Pennington
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Guy's King's Saint Thomas' Medical School, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
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5
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Hayes SM, Laky K, El-Khoury D, Kappes DJ, Fowlkes BJ, Love PE. Activation-induced modification in the CD3 complex of the gammadelta T cell receptor. J Exp Med 2002; 196:1355-61. [PMID: 12438426 PMCID: PMC2193986 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20021196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The T cell antigen receptor complexes expressed on alphabeta and gammadelta T cells differ not only in their respective clonotypic heterodimers but also in the subunit composition of their CD3 complexes. The gammadelta T cell receptors (TCRs) expressed on ex vivo gammadelta T cells lack CD3delta, whereas alphabeta TCRs contain CD3delta. While this result correlates with the phenotype of CD3delta(-/-) mice, in which gammadelta T cell development is unaffected, it is inconsistent with the results of previous studies reporting that CD3delta is a component of the gammadelta TCR. Since earlier studies examined the subunit composition of gammadelta TCRs expressed on activated and expanded peripheral gammadelta T cells or gammadelta TCR(+) intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes, we hypothesized that activation and expansion may lead to changes in the CD3 subunit composition of the gammadelta TCR. Here, we report that activation and expansion do in fact result in the inclusion of a protein, comparable in mass and mobility to CD3delta, in the gammadelta TCR. Further analyses revealed that this protein is not CD3delta, but instead is a differentially glycosylated form of CD3gamma. These results provide further evidence for a major difference in the subunit composition of alphabeta- and gammadelta TCR complexes and raise the possibility that modification of CD3gamma may have important functional consequences in activated gammadelta T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Hayes
- Laboratory of Mammalian Genes and Development, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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6
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Lin WY, Roberts MR. Developmental dissociation of T cells from B, NK, and myeloid cells revealed by MHC class II-specific chimeric immune receptors bearing TCR-zeta or FcR-gamma chain signaling domains. Blood 2002; 100:3045-8. [PMID: 12351421 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-02-0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The T-cell receptor zeta (TCR-zeta) and FcR-gamma chains play a critical role in mediating signal transduction. We have previously described HIV glycoprotein 120 (gp120)-specific chimeric immune receptors (CIRs) in which the extracellular domain of CD4 is linked to the signaling domain of zeta (CD4zeta) or gamma (CD4gamma). Such CIRs are efficiently expressed following retroviral transduction of mature T cells and specifically redirect effector functions toward HIV-infected targets. In this report, we examine development of CD4zeta- or CD4gamma-expressing T cells from retrovirally transduced hematopoietic stem cells following bone marrow transplantation. Although CD4zeta/gamma-expressing myeloid, NK, and B cells were efficiently reconstituted, parallel development of CD4zeta/gamma-expressing T cells was blocked prior to the CD25(+)CD44(+) prothymocyte stage. In contrast, T cells expressing a signaling-defective CIR were efficiently generated. When major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-deficient mice were used as transplant recipients, development of CD4zeta/gamma-expressing T cells was restored. We conclude that CD4zeta/gamma signaling generated following engagement of MHC class II selectively arrests T-lineage development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu Lin
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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7
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Abstract
Alpha beta and gamma delta T cells are distinguished by the clonotypic subunits contained within their TCRs. Although the alpha beta TCR has been well characterized, much less is known about the gamma delta TCR. Here, we report that, unlike alpha beta T CRs, most gamma delta TCRs expressed on ex vivo gamma delta T cells lack CD3 delta. Despite this structural difference, signal transduction by the gamma delta TCR is superior to that of the alpha beta TCR, as measured by its ability to induce calcium mobilization, ERK activation, and cellular proliferation. Additionally, the TCR complexes expressed on primary gamma delta T cells contain only zeta zeta homodimers; however, following activation and expansion, Fc epsilon R1 gamma is expressed and is included in the gamma delta TCR complex. These results reveal fundamental differences in the primary structure and signaling potential of the alpha beta- and gamma delta TCR complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Hayes
- Laboratory of Mammalian Genes and Development, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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8
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Abstract
Z39Ig is a recently-identified gene with immunoglobulin-like domains whose function is unknown. We examined expression of Z39Ig in 1432 human cDNA libraries, and found it primarily in synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, in placenta, and in lung. We analyzed its co-expression pattern using the Guilt-by-Association (GBA) algorithm, and found that it is most similar in expression to early genes in the classical complement system (C1qA, C1qB, C1qC, C1r, and C1 inhibitor), MHC class II genes (HLA-DR alpha, HLA-DR beta 1, and HLA-DP alpha 1), Fc receptors (Fc gamma RIIa and Fc epsilon R1), lysosomal protein (LAPTm5), tissue transglutaminase, and macrophage receptors (MARCO and CD163/M130). The sequence and expression data suggest that Z39Ig is a cell surface receptor, expressed in activated macrophages, and linked with the classical complement system, most likely in phagocytosis preceding antigen presentation. Knowledge of this gene may contribute to better understanding of the role of complement and activated macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus.
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9
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Petersson K, Ivars F. Early TCR αβ Expression Promotes Maturation of T Cells Expressing FcεRIγ Containing TCR/CD3 Complexes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2001; 166:6616-24. [PMID: 11359815 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.11.6616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study we presented data indicating that the expanded population of CD4(-)CD8(-) (DN) alphabeta T cells in TCRalpha-chain-transgenic mice was partially if not entirely derived from gammadelta T cell lineage cells. The development of both gammadelta T cells and DN alphabeta T cells is poorly understood; therefore, we thought it would be important to identify the immediate precursors of the transgene-induced DN alphabeta T cells. We have in this report studied the early T cell development in these mice and we show that the transgenic TCRalpha-chain is expressed by precursor thymocytes already at the CD3(-)CD4(-)CD8(-) (triple negative, TN) CD44(+)CD25(-) stage of development. Both by using purified precursor populations in reconstitution experiments and by analyzing fetal thymocyte development, we demonstrated that early TN precursors expressing endogenous TCRbeta-chains matured into DN alphabeta T cells at several stages of development. The genes encoding the gamma-chain of the high affinity receptor for IgE (FcepsilonRIgamma) and the CD3zeta protein were found to be reciprocally expressed in TN thymocytes such that during development the FcepsilonRIgamma expression decreased whereas CD3zeta expression increased. Furthermore, in a fraction of the transgene-induced DN alphabeta T cells the FcepsilonRIgamma protein colocalized with the TCR/CD3 complex. These data suggest that similarly to gammadelta T cells and NKT cells, precursors expressing the TCR early in the common alphabetagammadelta developmental pathway may use the FcepsilonRIgamma protein as a signaling component of the TCR/CD3 complex.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Lineage/genetics
- Cell Lineage/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor alpha/genetics
- Immunophenotyping
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Organ Culture Techniques
- Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/physiology
- Receptors, IgE/metabolism
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Stem Cells/immunology
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/growth & development
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- Thymus Gland/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- K Petersson
- Section for Immunology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, SE 22362 Lund, Sweden
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10
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Haynes NM, Snook MB, Trapani JA, Cerruti L, Jane SM, Smyth MJ, Darcy PK. Redirecting mouse CTL against colon carcinoma: superior signaling efficacy of single-chain variable domain chimeras containing TCR-zeta vs Fc epsilon RI-gamma. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:182-7. [PMID: 11123291 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.1.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The structurally related TCR-zeta and Fc receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon RI)-gamma are critical signaling components of the TCR and Fc epsilon RI, respectively. Although chimeric Ab receptors containing zeta and gamma signaling chains have been used to redirect CTL to tumors, a direct comparison of their relative efficacy has not previously been undertaken. Here, in naive T lymphocytes, we compare the signaling capacities of the zeta and gamma subunits within single-chain variable domain (scFv) chimeric receptors recognizing the carcinoembryonic Ag (CEA). Using a very efficient retroviral gene delivery system, high and equivalent levels of scFv-zeta and scFv-gamma receptors were expressed in T cells. Despite similar levels of expression and Ag-specific binding to colon carcinoma target cells, ligation of scFv-anti-CEA-zeta chimeric receptors on T cells resulted in greater cytokine production and direct cytotoxicity than activation via scFv-anti-CEA-gamma receptors. T cells expressing scFv-zeta chimeric receptors had a greater capacity to control the growth of human colon carcinoma in scid/scid mice or mouse colon adenocarcinoma in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. Overall, these data are the first to directly compare and definitively demonstrate the enhanced potency of T cells activated via the zeta signaling pathway.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3 Cells
- Adenocarcinoma/immunology
- Adenocarcinoma/prevention & control
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/immunology
- Colonic Neoplasms/immunology
- Colonic Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Graft Rejection/genetics
- Graft Rejection/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/physiology
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, SCID
- Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/physiology
- Receptors, IgE/biosynthesis
- Receptors, IgE/genetics
- Receptors, IgE/physiology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/physiology
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/transplantation
- Transduction, Genetic
- Transplantation, Isogeneic
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Haynes
- Cancer Immunology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Wu J, Edberg JC, Gibson AW, Tsao B, Kimberly RP. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of T cell receptor zeta chain in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1999; 42:2601-5. [PMID: 10616006 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(199912)42:12<2601::aid-anr13>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Signaling molecules from the T cell receptor zeta/Fcepsilon receptor gamma (TCRzeta/FcRgamma) family play a critical role in the function of Fcgamma receptors and the TCR and are located on human chromosome 1, where lupus susceptibility genes are located. This study was undertaken to investigate the possibility of polymorphisms and/or mutations of TCRzeta in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS We amplified the whole coding region of TCRzeta by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and directly sequenced the PCR products with a dye primer technique to facilitate heterozygote detection. RESULTS An alternative splicing form of TCRzeta, with a CAG codon (glutamine) inserted at the splice junction of exons 4 and 5, was found both in SLE and in non-SLE subjects. Both splice isoforms of TCRzeta occurred in human mixed peripheral blood mononuclear cells, natural killer cells, and Jurkat T cells. In TCRzeta, 2 silent and 2 missense mutations were found, but neither coding change occurred in the immunoreceptor tyrosine-activation motif. No unique mutations were found in Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, Chinese, or Japanese SLE patients living in North America. CONCLUSION The uncommon and equal occurrence of novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms in both SLE patients and normal subjects makes it improbable that they play important roles in genetic susceptibility to SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wu
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294-0006, USA
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12
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Malissen B, Ardouin L, Lin SY, Gillet A, Malissen M. Function of the CD3 subunits of the pre-TCR and TCR complexes during T cell development. Adv Immunol 1999; 72:103-48. [PMID: 10361573 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie INSERM-CNRS de Marseille-Luminy, France
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13
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14
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Shores EW, Ono M, Kawabe T, Sommers CL, Tran T, Lui K, Udey MC, Ravetch J, Love PE. T cell development in mice lacking all T cell receptor zeta family members (Zeta, eta, and FcepsilonRIgamma). J Exp Med 1998; 187:1093-101. [PMID: 9529325 PMCID: PMC2212212 DOI: 10.1084/jem.187.7.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The zeta family includes zeta, eta, and FcepsilonRIgamma (Fcgamma). Dimers of the zeta family proteins function as signal transducing subunits of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR), the pre-TCR, and a subset of Fc receptors. In mice lacking zeta/eta chains, T cell development is impaired, yet low numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells develop. This finding suggests either that pre-TCR and TCR complexes lacking a zeta family dimer can promote T cell maturation, or that in the absence of zeta/eta, Fcgamma serves as a subunit in TCR complexes. To elucidate the role of zeta family dimers in T cell development, we generated mice lacking expression of all of these proteins and compared their phenotype to mice lacking only zeta/eta or Fcgamma. The data reveal that surface complexes that are expressed in the absence of zeta family dimers are capable of transducing signals required for alpha/beta-T cell development. Strikingly, T cells generated in both zeta/eta-/- and zeta/eta-/--Fcgamma-/- mice exhibit a memory phenotype and elaborate interferon gamma. Finally, examination of different T cell populations reveals that zeta/eta and Fcgamma have distinct expression patterns that correlate with their thymus dependency. A possible function for the differential expression of zeta family proteins may be to impart distinctive signaling properties to TCR complexes expressed on specific T cell populations.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Dimerization
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Phenotype
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/deficiency
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Spleen/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Thymus Gland/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Shores
- Division of Hematologic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
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15
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Sandor M, Hagen M, de Andres B, Lynch RG. Developmentally regulated Fc gamma receptor expression in lymphopoiesis Fc gammaR III (CD16) provides an ITAM motif for pro-T and pro-B-cells. Immunol Lett 1996; 54:123-7. [PMID: 9052866 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(96)02661-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Sandor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
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