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Li M, Zhao X. LILRB4 in acute myeloid leukemia: From prognostic biomarker to immunotherapeutic target. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024:00029330-990000000-01138. [PMID: 38973293 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LILR) B4 (also known as ILT3/CD85k) is an immune checkpoint protein that is highly expressed in solid tumors and hematological malignancies and plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of cancer. LILRB4 is highly expressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and this phenotype is associated with adverse patient outcomes. Its differential expression in tumors compared to normal tissues, its presence in tumor stem cells, and its multifaceted roles in tumorigenesis position it as a promising therapeutic target in AML. Currently, several immunotherapies targeting LILRB4 are undergoing clinical trials. This review summarizes advancements made in the study of LILRB4 in AML, focusing on its structure, ligands, expression, and significance in normal tissues and AML; its protumorigenic effects and mechanisms in AML; and the application of LILRB4-targeted therapies in AML. These insights highlight the potential advantages of LILRB4 as an immunotherapeutic target in the context of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzi Li
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing 100044, China
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Chen Y, Zeng Z, Chen Z, Yuan N, Ye X, Zhang C, Xia N, Luo W. A new mechanism of antibody diversity: formation of the natural antibodies containing LAIR1 and LILRB1 extracellular domains. Antib Ther 2024; 7:157-163. [PMID: 38933531 PMCID: PMC11200687 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of public antibodies targeting Plasmodium falciparum-encoded repetitive interspersed families of polypeptides (RIFINs), which contain extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains from LAIR1 or LILRB1, constitutes a significant step forward in comprehending the reactivity of the Plasmodium parasite. These antibodies arise from unique B cell clones and demonstrate extensive cross-reactivity through their interaction with P. falciparum RIFINs. LAIR1 and LILRBs are specialized type I transmembrane glycoproteins, classified as immune inhibitory receptors, restricted to primates and mainly found on hematopoietic cells. They are instrumental in modulating interactions within the tumor microenvironment and across the immune system, and are increasingly recognized as important in anti-cancer immunotherapy and pathogen defense. The presence of LAIR1/LILRB1-containing antibodies offers new insights into malaria parasite evasion strategies and the immune system's response. Additionally, the innovative method of integrating extra exons into the antibody switch region is a noteworthy advancement, enriching the strategies for the generation of a varied array of bispecific and multispecific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhiren Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ziyou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Na Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xinya Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wenxin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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Huang R, Liu X, Kim J, Deng H, Deng M, Gui X, Chen H, Wu G, Xiong W, Xie J, Lewis C, Homsi J, Yang X, Zhang C, He Y, Lou Q, Smith C, John S, Zhang N, An Z, Zhang CC. LILRB3 Supports Immunosuppressive Activity of Myeloid Cells and Tumor Development. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:350-362. [PMID: 38113030 PMCID: PMC10932818 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The existing T cell-centered immune checkpoint blockade therapies have been successful in treating some but not all patients with cancer. Immunosuppressive myeloid cells, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), that inhibit antitumor immunity and support multiple steps of tumor development are recognized as one of the major obstacles in cancer treatment. Leukocyte Ig-like receptor subfamily B3 (LILRB3), an immune inhibitory receptor containing tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIM), is expressed solely on myeloid cells. However, it is unknown whether LILRB3 is a critical checkpoint receptor in regulating the activity of immunosuppressive myeloid cells, and whether LILRB3 signaling can be blocked to activate the immune system to treat solid tumors. Here, we report that galectin-4 and galectin-7 induce activation of LILRB3 and that LILRB3 is functionally expressed on immunosuppressive myeloid cells. In some samples from patients with solid cancers, blockade of LILRB3 signaling by an antagonistic antibody inhibited the activity of immunosuppressive myeloid cells. Anti-LILRB3 also impeded tumor development in myeloid-specific LILRB3 transgenic mice through a T cell-dependent manner. LILRB3 blockade may prove to be a novel approach for immunotherapy of solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Huang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Xiaoye Liu
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Jaehyup Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hui Deng
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mi Deng
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xun Gui
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Heyu Chen
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Guojin Wu
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jingjing Xie
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Cheryl Lewis
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jade Homsi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xing Yang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yubo He
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Qi Lou
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Caroline Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Samuel John
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cheng Cheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Zeller T, Münnich IA, Windisch R, Hilger P, Schewe DM, Humpe A, Kellner C. Perspectives of targeting LILRB1 in innate and adaptive immune checkpoint therapy of cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1240275. [PMID: 37781391 PMCID: PMC10533923 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1240275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade is a compelling approach in tumor immunotherapy. Blocking inhibitory pathways in T cells has demonstrated clinical efficacy in different types of cancer and may hold potential to also stimulate innate immune responses. A novel emerging potential target for immune checkpoint therapy is leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 1 (LILRB1). LILRB1 belongs to the superfamily of leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors and exerts inhibitory functions. The receptor is expressed by a variety of immune cells including macrophages as well as certain cytotoxic lymphocytes and contributes to the regulation of different immune responses by interaction with classical as well as non-classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules. LILRB1 has gained increasing attention as it has been demonstrated to function as a phagocytosis checkpoint on macrophages by recognizing HLA class I, which represents a 'Don't Eat Me!' signal that impairs phagocytic uptake of cancer cells, similar to CD47. The specific blockade of the HLA class I:LILRB1 axis may provide an option to promote phagocytosis by macrophages and also to enhance cytotoxic functions of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Currently, LILRB1 specific antibodies are in different stages of pre-clinical and clinical development. In this review, we introduce LILRB1 and highlight the features that make this immune checkpoint a promising target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Zeller
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ira A. Münnich
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Windisch
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Patricia Hilger
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Denis M. Schewe
- Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Humpe
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Kellner
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Jelinek AL, Futas J, Burger PA, Horin P. Comparative genomics of the Leukocyte Receptor Complex in carnivores. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1197687. [PMID: 37234165 PMCID: PMC10206138 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The mammalian Leukocyte Receptor Complex (LRC) chromosomal region may contain gene families for the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and/or leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LILR) collections as well as various framing genes. This complex region is well described in humans, mice, and some domestic animals. Although single KIR genes are known in some Carnivora, their complements of LILR genes remain largely unknown due to obstacles in the assembly of regions of high homology in short-read based genomes. Methods As part of the analysis of felid immunogenomes, this study focuses on the search for LRC genes in reference genomes and the annotation of LILR genes in Felidae. Chromosome-level genomes based on single-molecule long-read sequencing were preferentially sought and compared to representatives of the Carnivora. Results Seven putatively functional LILR genes were found across the Felidae and in the Californian sea lion, four to five genes in Canidae, and four to nine genes in Mustelidae. They form two lineages, as seen in the Bovidae. The ratio of functional genes for activating LILRs to inhibitory LILRs is slightly in favor of inhibitory genes in the Felidae and the Canidae; the reverse is seen in the Californian sea lion. This ratio is even in all of the Mustelidae except the Eurasian otter, which has a predominance of activating LILRs. Various numbers of LILR pseudogenes were identified. Conclusions The structure of the LRC is rather conservative in felids and the other Carnivora studied. The LILR sub-region is conserved within the Felidae and has slight differences in the Canidae, but it has taken various evolutionary paths in the Mustelidae. Overall, the process of pseudogenization of LILR genes seems to be more frequent for activating receptors. Phylogenetic analysis found no direct orthologues across the Carnivora which corroborate the rapid evolution of LILRs seen in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- April L. Jelinek
- Department of Animal Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno (VETUNI), Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Futas
- Department of Animal Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno (VETUNI), Brno, Czechia
- Research Group Animal Immunogenomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) VETUNI, Brno, Czechia
| | - Pamela A. Burger
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna (VETMEDUNI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Petr Horin
- Department of Animal Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno (VETUNI), Brno, Czechia
- Research Group Animal Immunogenomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) VETUNI, Brno, Czechia
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Zou R, Zhong X, Liang K, Zhi C, Chen D, Xu Z, Zhang J, Liao D, Lai M, Weng Y, Peng H, Pang X, Ji Y, Ke Y, Zhang H, Wang Z, Wang Y. Elevated LILRB1 expression predicts poor prognosis and is associated with tumor immune infiltration in patients with glioma. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:403. [PMID: 37142967 PMCID: PMC10161664 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10906-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B1 (LILRB1) is regarded as an inhibitory molecule. However, the importance of LILRB1 expression in glioma has not yet been determined. This investigation examined the immunological signature, clinicopathological importance and prognostic value of LILRB1 expression in glioma. METHODS We used data from the UCSC XENA database, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database, the STRING database, the MEXPRESS database and our clinical glioma samples to perform bioinformatic analysis and used vitro experiments to examine the predictive value and potential biological roles of LILRB1 in glioma. RESULTS Higher LILRB1 expression was considerably present in the higher WHO grade glioma group and was linked to a poorer prognosis in patients with glioma. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that LILRB1 was positively correlated with the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. LILRB1 combined with tumor mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI) may be a promising indicator for the effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients with glioma. Increased LILRB1 expression was positively linked with the hypomethylation, M2 macrophage infiltration, immune checkpoints (ICPs) and M2 macrophage makers. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses determined that increased LILRB1 expression was a standalone causal factor for glioma. Vitro experiments determined that LILRB1 positively enhanced the proliferation, migration and invasion in glioma cells. MRI images demonstrated that higher LILRB1 expression was related with larger tumor volume in patients with glioma. CONCLUSION Dysregulation of LILRB1 in glioma is correlated with immune infiltration and is a standalone causal factor for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renheng Zou
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Xunlong Zhong
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Kairong Liang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Cheng Zhi
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Danmin Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Jingbai Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Degui Liao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Miaoling Lai
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Yuhao Weng
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Huaidong Peng
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Xiao Pang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Yunxiang Ji
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Yanbin Ke
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Hongri Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, Henan, China.
| | - Zhaotao Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Yezhong Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
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Qian Y, Yang T, Liang H, Deng M. Myeloid checkpoints for cancer immunotherapy. Chin J Cancer Res 2022; 34:460-482. [PMID: 36398127 PMCID: PMC9646457 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2022.05.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid checkpoints are receptors on the myeloid cell surface which can mediate inhibitory signals to modulate anti-tumor immune activities. They can either inhibit cellular phagocytosis or suppress T cells and are thus involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases. In the tumor microenvironment, besides killing tumor cells by phagocytosis or activating anti-tumor immunity by tumor antigen presentation, myeloid cells could execute pro-tumor efficacies through myeloid checkpoints by interacting with counter-receptors on other immune cells or cancer cells. In summary, myeloid checkpoints may be promising therapeutic targets for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Qian
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huan Liang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mi Deng
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University, Beijing 100142, China
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Mandel I, Haves Ziv D, Goldshtein I, Peretz T, Alishekevitz D, Fridman Dror A, Hakim M, Hashmueli S, Friedman I, Sapir Y, Greco R, Qu H, Nestle F, Wiederschain D, Pao L, Sharma S, Ben Moshe T. BND-22, a first-in-class humanized ILT2-blocking antibody, promotes antitumor immunity and tumor regression. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-004859. [PMID: 36096532 PMCID: PMC9472153 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, considering the limited success of immunotherapy to only some cancer types and patient cohorts, there is an unmet need for developing new treatments that will result in higher response rates in patients with cancer. Immunoglobulin-like transcript 2 (ILT2), a LILRB family member, is an inhibitory receptor expressed on a variety of immune cells including T cells, natural killer (NK) cells and different myeloid cells. In the tumor microenvironment, binding of class I MHC (in particular HLA-G) to ILT2 on immune cells mediates a strong inhibitory effect, which manifests in inhibition of antitumor cytotoxicity of T and NK cells, and prevention of phagocytosis of the tumor cells by macrophages. METHODS We describe here the development and characteristics of BND-22, a novel, humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively binds to ILT2 and blocks its interaction with classical MHC I and HLA-G. BND-22 was evaluated for its binding and blocking characteristics as well as its ability to increase the antitumor activity of macrophages, T cells and NK cells in various in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo systems. RESULTS Collectively, our data suggest that BND-22 enhances activity of both innate and adaptive immune cells, thus generating robust and comprehensive antitumor immunity. In humanized mice models, blocking ILT2 with BND-22 decreased the growth of human tumors, hindered metastatic spread to the lungs, and prolonged survival of the tumor-bearing mice. In addition, BND-22 improved the antitumor immune response of approved therapies such as anti-PD-1 or anti-EGFR antibodies. CONCLUSIONS BND-22 is a first-in-human ILT2 blocking antibody which has demonstrated efficient antitumor activity in various preclinical models as well as a favorable safety profile. Clinical evaluation of BND-22 as a monotherapy or in combination with other therapeutics is under way in patients with cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04717375.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rita Greco
- Oncology Reseach, Sanofi, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hongjing Qu
- Oncology Reseach, Sanofi, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Frank Nestle
- Oncology Reseach, Sanofi, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Lily Pao
- Oncology Reseach, Sanofi, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sharad Sharma
- Oncology Reseach, Sanofi, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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New Targets for Antiviral Therapy: Inhibitory Receptors and Immune Checkpoints on Myeloid Cells. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061144. [PMID: 35746616 PMCID: PMC9230063 DOI: 10.3390/v14061144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune homeostasis is achieved by balancing the activating and inhibitory signal transduction pathways mediated via cell surface receptors. Activation allows the host to mount an immune response to endogenous and exogenous antigens; suppressive modulation via inhibitory signaling protects the host from excessive inflammatory damage. The checkpoint regulation of myeloid cells during immune homeostasis raised their profile as important cellular targets for treating allergy, cancer and infectious disease. This review focuses on the structure and signaling of inhibitory receptors on myeloid cells, with particular attention placed on how the interplay between viruses and these receptors regulates antiviral immunity. The status of targeting inhibitory receptors on myeloid cells as a new therapeutic approach for antiviral treatment will be analyzed.
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Abstract
The discovery of immune checkpoints (ICs) and the development of specific blockers to relieve immune effector cells from this inhibiting mechanism has changed the view of anti-cancer therapy. In addition to cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and programmed death 1 (PD1), classical ICs of T lymphocytes and recently described also on a fraction of natural killer (NK) cells, several NK cell receptors, including killer immunoglobulin-like inhibitory receptors (KIRs) and NGK2A, have been recognized as checkpoint members typical of the NK cell population. This offers the opportunity of a dual-checkpoint inhibition approach, targeting classical and non-classical ICs and leading to a synergistic therapeutic effect. In this review, we will overview and discuss this new perspective, focusing on the most relevant candidates for this role among the variety of potential NK ICs. Beside listing and defining classical ICs expressed also by NK cells, or non-classical ICs either on T or on NK cells, we will address their role in NK cell survival, chronic stimulation or functional exhaustion, and the potential relevance of this phenomenon on anti-tumor immune response. Furthermore, NK ICs will be proposed as possible new targets for the development of efficient combined immunotherapy, not forgetting the relevant concerns that may be raised on NK IC blockade. Finally, the impact of epigenetic drugs in such a complex therapeutic picture will be briefly addressed.
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De Louche CD, Roghanian A. Human inhibitory leukocyte Ig-like receptors: from immunotolerance to immunotherapy. JCI Insight 2022; 7:151553. [PMID: 35076022 PMCID: PMC8855791 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.151553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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12
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Al-Moussawy M, Abdelsamed HA, Lakkis FG. Immunoglobulin-like receptors and the generation of innate immune memory. Immunogenetics 2022; 74:179-195. [PMID: 35034136 PMCID: PMC10074160 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-021-01240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Host immunity is classically divided into "innate" and "adaptive." While the former has always been regarded as the first, rapid, and antigen-nonspecific reaction to invading pathogens, the latter represents the more sophisticated and antigen-specific response that has the potential to persist and generate memory. Recent work however has challenged this dogma, where murine studies have successfully demonstrated the ability of innate immune cells (monocytes and macrophages) to acquire antigen-specific memory to allogeneic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. The immunoreceptors so far identified that mediate innate immune memory are the paired immunoglobulin-like receptors (PIRs) in mice, which are orthologous to human leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILRs). These receptor families are mainly expressed by the myelomonocytic cell lineage, suggesting an important role in the innate immune response. In this review, we will discuss the role of immunoglobulin-like receptors in the development of innate immune memory across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhamad Al-Moussawy
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
| | - Hossam A Abdelsamed
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA. .,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
| | - Fadi G Lakkis
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA. .,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
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13
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OUP accepted manuscript. Hum Reprod Update 2022; 28:435-454. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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14
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Leijonhufvud C, Reger R, Segerberg F, Theorell J, Schlums H, Bryceson YT, Childs RW, Carlsten M. LIR-1 educates expanded human NK cells and defines a unique antitumor NK cell subset with potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1346. [PMID: 34631057 PMCID: PMC8491220 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective KIR and NKG2A receptors educate human NK cells to stay responsive to cells with diminished HLA class I. Here, we addressed whether the HLA class I-binding receptor LIR-1 (LILRB1/ILT2/CD85j), which is widely expressed on human NK cells, can mediate education and contribute to antitumor functions of NK cells. Methods Healthy donor NK cells either unstimulated, overnight cytokine-activated or ex vivo-expanded were used to target human cell lines. Phenotype and function were analysed using flow cytometry and 51Cr-release assays. Results We found that the inhibitory receptor LIR-1 can mediate NK cell education under specific conditions. This novel finding was exclusive to expanded NK cells and further characterisation of the cells revealed high expression of granzyme B and DNAM-1, which both previously have been linked to NK cell education. Corroborating the rheostat education model, LIR-1 co-expression with an educating KIR further increased the responsiveness of expanded NK cells. Inversely, antibody masking of LIR-1 decreased the responsiveness. LIR-1+ expanded NK cells displayed high intrinsic ADCC that, in contrast to KIR and NKG2A, was not inhibited by HLA class I. Conclusion These findings identify a unique NK cell subset attractive for adoptive cell therapy to treat cancer. Given that LIR-1 binds most HLA class I molecules, this subset may be explored in both autologous and allogeneic settings to innately reject HLA class I- tumor cells as well as HLA class I+ target cells when combined with antitumor antibodies. Further studies are warranted to address the potential of this subset in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Leijonhufvud
- Department of Medicine Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Robert Reger
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Filip Segerberg
- Department of Medicine Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jakob Theorell
- Department of Medicine Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden.,Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Oxford Oxford UK.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience Centre for Molecular Medicine Karolinska Institute Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Heinrich Schlums
- Department of Medicine Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Yenan T Bryceson
- Department of Medicine Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Richard W Childs
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Mattias Carlsten
- Department of Medicine Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden.,Center for Cell Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Karolinska University Hospital Sweden
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15
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Shibru B, Fey K, Fricke S, Blaudszun AR, Fürst F, Weise M, Seiffert S, Weyh MK, Köhl U, Sack U, Boldt A. Detection of Immune Checkpoint Receptors - A Current Challenge in Clinical Flow Cytometry. Front Immunol 2021; 12:694055. [PMID: 34276685 PMCID: PMC8281132 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.694055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological therapy principles are increasingly determining modern medicine. They are used to treat diseases of the immune system, for tumors, but also for infections, neurological diseases, and many others. Most of these therapies base on antibodies, but small molecules, soluble receptors or cells and modified cells are also used. The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors is amazingly fast. T-cell directed antibody therapies against PD-1 or CTLA-4 are already firmly established in the clinic. Further targets are constantly being added and it is becoming increasingly clear that their expression is not only relevant on T cells. Furthermore, we do not yet have any experience with the long-term systemic effects of the treatment. Flow cytometry can be used for diagnosis, monitoring, and detection of side effects. In this review, we focus on checkpoint molecules as target molecules and functional markers of cells of the innate and acquired immune system. However, for most of the interesting and potentially relevant parameters, there are still no test kits suitable for routine use. Here we give an overview of the detection of checkpoint molecules on immune cells in the peripheral blood and show examples of a possible design of antibody panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Shibru
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katharina Fey
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Fricke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Friederike Fürst
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Max Weise
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabine Seiffert
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Katharina Weyh
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Köhl
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sack
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Boldt
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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16
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Díaz-Hernández I, Alecsandru D, García-Velasco JA, Domínguez F. Uterine natural killer cells: from foe to friend in reproduction. Hum Reprod Update 2021; 27:720-746. [PMID: 33528013 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent miscarriage and pre-eclampsia are common reproductive disorders, but their causes are often unknown. Recent evidence has provided new insight into immune system influences in reproductive disorders. A subset of lymphocytes of the innate immune system known as uterine natural killer (uNK) cells are now recognized as fundamental to achieving embryo implantation and successful pregnancy, but were initially attributed a bad reputation. Indeed, immune therapies have been developed to treat the 'exaggerated' immune response from uNK cells. These treatments have been based on studies of peripheral blood natural killer (pbNK) cells. However, uNK cells and pbNK cells have different phenotypic and functional characteristics. The functions of uNK cells are closely related to their interactions with the extravillous trophoblast cells (EVTs) and spiral arteries, which underlie an essential role in regulating vascular function, controlling trophoblast invasion and promoting placental development. EVTs express MHC molecules of class I HLA-C/E/G/F, while uNK cells express, among other receptors, killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) that bind to HLA-C or CD94/NKG2A inhibitory receptors, and then bind HLA-E. Associations of certain KIR/HLA-C combinations with recurrent miscarriage, pre-eclampsia, and foetal growth restriction and the interactions between uNK cells, trophoblasts and vascular cells have led to the hypothesis that uNK cells may play a role in embryo implantation. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE Our objective was to review the evolution of our understanding of uNK cells, their functions, and their increasingly relevant role in reproduction. SEARCH METHODS Relevant literature through June 2020 was retrieved using Google Scholar and PubMed. Search terms comprised uNK cells, human pregnancy, reproductive failure, maternal KIR and HLA-C, HLA-E/G/F in EVT cells, angiogenic cytokines, CD56+ NK cells, spiral artery, oestrogen and progesterone receptors, KIR haplotype and paternal HLA-C2. OUTCOMES This review provides key insights into the evolving conceptualization of uNK cells, from their not-so-promising beginnings to now, when they are considered allies in reproduction. We synthesized current knowledge about uNK cells, their involvement in reproduction and their main functions in placental vascular remodeling and trophoblast invasion. One of the issues that this review presents is the enormous complexity involved in studying the immune system in reproduction. The complexity in the immunology of the maternal-foetal interface lies in the great variety of participating molecules, the processes and interactions that occur at different levels (molecular, cellular, tissue, etc.) and the great diversity of genetic combinations that are translated into different types of responses. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Insights into uNK cells could offer an important breakthrough for ART outcomes, since each patient could be assessed based on the combination of HLA and its receptors in their uNK cells, evaluating the critical interactions at the materno-foetal interface. However, owing to the technical challenges in studying uNK cells in vivo, there is still much knowledge to gain, particularly regarding their exact origin and functions. New studies using novel molecular and genetic approaches can facilitate the identification of mechanisms by which uNK cells interact with other cells at the materno-foetal interface, perhaps translating this knowledge into clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Alecsandru
- Department of Immunology and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad-Madrid, Rey Juan Carlos University (IVI), Madrid 28023, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio García-Velasco
- Department of Immunology and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad-Madrid, Rey Juan Carlos University (IVI), Madrid 28023, Spain
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17
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Kelley SM, Ravichandran KS. Putting the brakes on phagocytosis: "don't-eat-me" signaling in physiology and disease. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52564. [PMID: 34041845 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Timely removal of dying or pathogenic cells by phagocytes is essential to maintaining host homeostasis. Phagocytes execute the clearance process with high fidelity while sparing healthy neighboring cells, and this process is at least partially regulated by the balance of "eat-me" and "don't-eat-me" signals expressed on the surface of host cells. Upon contact, eat-me signals activate "pro-phagocytic" receptors expressed on the phagocyte membrane and signal to promote phagocytosis. Conversely, don't-eat-me signals engage "anti-phagocytic" receptors to suppress phagocytosis. We review the current knowledge of don't-eat-me signaling in normal physiology and disease contexts where aberrant don't-eat-me signaling contributes to pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Kelley
- Center for Cell Clearance, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kodi S Ravichandran
- Center for Cell Clearance, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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18
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Deng M, Chen H, Liu X, Huang R, He Y, Yoo B, Xie J, John S, Zhang N, An Z, Zhang CC. Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B: therapeutic targets in cancer. Antib Ther 2021; 4:16-33. [PMID: 33928233 PMCID: PMC7944505 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILRBs 1–5) transduce signals via intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs that recruit phosphatases to negatively regulate immune activation. The activation of LILRB signaling in immune cells may contribute to immune evasion. In addition, the expression and signaling of LILRBs in cancer cells especially in certain hematologic malignant cells directly support cancer development. Certain LILRBs thus have dual roles in cancer biology—as immune checkpoint molecules and tumor-supporting factors. Here, we review the expression, ligands, signaling, and functions of LILRBs, as well as therapeutic development targeting them. LILRBs may represent attractive targets for cancer treatment, and antagonizing LILRB signaling may prove to be effective anti-cancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Deng
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Heyu Chen
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xiaoye Liu
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ryan Huang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yubo He
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Byounggyu Yoo
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jingjing Xie
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Samuel John
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cheng Cheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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19
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Guettler J, Forstner D, Cvirn G, Maninger S, Brugger BA, Nonn O, Kupper N, Pritz E, Wernitznig S, Dohr G, Hutter H, Juch H, Isermann B, Kohli S, Gauster M. Maternal platelets pass interstices of trophoblast columns and are not activated by HLA-G in early human pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 144:103280. [PMID: 33530024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In early human gestation, maternal arterial blood flow into the intervillous space of the developing placenta is obstructed by invaded trophoblasts, which form cellular plugs in uterine spiral arteries. These trophoblast plugs have recently been described to be loosely cohesive with clear capillary-sized channels into the intervillous space by 7 weeks of gestation. Here, we analysed localisation of maternal platelets at the maternal-foetal interface of human first trimester pregnancy, and tested the hypothesis whether HLA-G, which is primarily expressed by extravillous trophoblasts, affects aggregation and adhesion of isolated platelets. Immunohistochemistry of first trimester placental sections localised maternal platelets in vessel-like channels and adjacent intercellular gaps of extravillous trophoblasts in distal parts of columns. Furthermore, this localisation was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Neither co-incubation of HLA-G overexpressing JAR cells with isolated platelets, nor incubation with cell-derived soluble HLA-G or recombinant HLA-G affected platelet adhesion and aggregation. Our study suggests that maternal platelets flow through vessel-like channels of distal trophoblast columns and spread into adjacent lateral intercellular gaps, where platelet-derived factors could contribute to trophoblast differentiation into the invasive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Guettler
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Désirée Forstner
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Cvirn
- Division of Physiological Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Sabine Maninger
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Beatrice A Brugger
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Olivia Nonn
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Nadja Kupper
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Pritz
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Wernitznig
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Gottfried Dohr
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Heinz Hutter
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Herbert Juch
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Berend Isermann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shrey Kohli
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Gauster
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
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20
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Stokic-Trtica V, Diefenbach A, Klose CSN. NK Cell Development in Times of Innate Lymphoid Cell Diversity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:813. [PMID: 32733432 PMCID: PMC7360798 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
After being described in the 1970s as cytotoxic cells that do not require MHC-dependent pre-activation, natural killer (NK) cells remained the sole member of innate lymphocytes for decades until lymphoid tissue-inducer cells in the 1990s and helper-like innate lymphoid lineages from 2008 onward completed the picture of innate lymphoid cell (ILC) diversity. Since some of the ILC members, such as ILC1s and CCR6- ILC3s, share specific markers previously used to identify NK cells, these findings provoked the question of how to delineate the development of NK cell and helper-like ILCs and how to properly identify and genetically interfere with NK cells. The description of eomesodermin (EOMES) as a lineage-specifying transcription factor of NK cells provided a candidate that may serve as a selective marker for the genetic targeting and identification of NK cells. Unlike helper-like ILCs, NK cell activation is, to a large degree, regulated by the engagement of activating and inhibitory surface receptors. NK cell research has revealed some elegant mechanisms of immunosurveillance, coined "missing-self" and "induced-self" recognition, thus complementing "non-self recognition", which is predominantly utilized by adaptive lymphocytes and myeloid cells. Notably, the balance of activating and inhibitory signals perceived by surface receptors can be therapeutically harnessed for anti-tumor immunity mediated by NK cells. This review aims to summarize the similarities and the differences in development, function, localization, and phenotype of NK cells and helper-like ILCs, with the purpose to highlight the unique feature of NK cell development and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislava Stokic-Trtica
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Max-Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Diefenbach
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph S N Klose
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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21
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Ming S, Li M, Wu M, Zhang J, Zhong H, Chen J, Huang Y, Bai J, Huang L, Chen J, Lin Q, Liu J, Tao J, He D, Huang X. Immunoglobulin-Like Transcript 5 Inhibits Macrophage-Mediated Bacterial Killing and Antigen Presentation During Sepsis. J Infect Dis 2020; 220:1688-1699. [PMID: 31250008 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunosuppression contributes to the mortality of sepsis. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. METHODS In the present study, we investigated the role of inhibitory receptor immunoglobulin-like transcript 5 (ILT5) in sepsis. We first screened the expression of ILT family members, and we found that ILT5 was dramatically up-regulated in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from sepsis patients versus healthy donors. RESULTS Knockdown of ILT5 by small interfering ribonucleic acid increased bacterial killing and reactive oxygen species production in THP-1 and RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, ILT5-expressing monocytes/macrophages exhibited lower expression of antigen-presenting molecules including major histocompatibility complex-II and CD80. In the in vitro coculture system with monocytes/macrophages, blockage of ILT5 facilitated Th1 proliferation and differentiation of CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, in vivo experiments demonstrated that pretreatment with ILT5 blocking peptide improved the survival and pulmonary pathology of septic mice. CONCLUSIONS Together, our study identified ILT5 as an immunosuppressive regulator during sepsis, which may provide potential therapeutic strategy for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Ming
- Program of Infection and Immunity, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Program of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Musheng Li
- Program of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Minhao Wu
- Program of Infection and Immunity, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Program of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Jianhui Zhang
- Program of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Haibo Zhong
- The Third People's Hospital of Shantou, Shantou, China
| | - Junyang Chen
- The Third People's Hospital of Shantou, Shantou, China
| | - Yaopan Huang
- The Third People's Hospital of Shantou, Shantou, China
| | - Jun Bai
- Program of Infection and Immunity, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Li Huang
- Program of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Program of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Quanshi Lin
- Program of Infection and Immunity, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Program of Infection and Immunity, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jianping Tao
- Program of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Duanman He
- The Third People's Hospital of Shantou, Shantou, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Program of Infection and Immunity, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Program of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
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22
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Meza Guzman LG, Keating N, Nicholson SE. Natural Killer Cells: Tumor Surveillance and Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040952. [PMID: 32290478 PMCID: PMC7226588 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a pivotal role in cancer immunotherapy due to their innate ability to detect and kill tumorigenic cells. The decision to kill is determined by the expression of a myriad of activating and inhibitory receptors on the NK cell surface. Cell-to-cell engagement results in either self-tolerance or a cytotoxic response, governed by a fine balance between the signaling cascades downstream of the activating and inhibitory receptors. To evade a cytotoxic immune response, tumor cells can modulate the surface expression of receptor ligands and additionally, alter the conditions in the tumor microenvironment (TME), tilting the scales toward a suppressed cytotoxic NK response. To fully harness the killing power of NK cells for clinical benefit, we need to understand what defines the threshold for activation and what is required to break tolerance. This review will focus on the intracellular signaling pathways activated or suppressed in NK cells and the roles signaling intermediates play during an NK cytotoxic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth G. Meza Guzman
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Correspondence: (L.G.M.G.); (S.E.N.); Tel.: +61-9345-2555 (S.E.N.)
| | - Narelle Keating
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Sandra E. Nicholson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Correspondence: (L.G.M.G.); (S.E.N.); Tel.: +61-9345-2555 (S.E.N.)
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23
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Del Zotto G, Antonini F, Pesce S, Moretta F, Moretta L, Marcenaro E. Comprehensive Phenotyping of Human PB NK Cells by Flow Cytometry. Cytometry A 2020; 97:891-899. [PMID: 32198974 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The NK cell compartment provides powerful innate defenses against virus-infected and tumor cells. Specific NK cell receptors control this process and maintain the immune system homeostasis and prevent autoimmunity. A wide variety of NK cell subsets with different functional capabilities exist and this reflects not only the different maturation stages of NK cells but also different microenvironments in which they can operate. In this review, we will give an overview on the various NK cell subsets present in peripheral blood of healthy donors in order to clearly and univocally identify them on the basis of their phenotypic traits using flow cytometry. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genny Del Zotto
- Core Facilities, Area Aggregazione Servizi e Laboratori Diagnostici, IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Antonini
- Core Facilities, Area Aggregazione Servizi e Laboratori Diagnostici, IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Pesce
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Moretta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Marcenaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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24
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Zhang Y, Zheng J. Functions of Immune Checkpoint Molecules Beyond Immune Evasion. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1248:201-226. [PMID: 32185712 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3266-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint molecules, including inhibitory and stimulatory immune checkpoint molecules, are defined as ligand-receptor pairs that exert inhibitory or stimulatory effects on immune responses. Most of the immune checkpoint molecules that have been described so far are expressed on cells of the adaptive immune system, particularly on T cells, and of the innate immune system. They are crucial for maintaining the self-tolerance and modulating the length and magnitude of immune responses of effectors in different tissues to minimize the tissue damage. More and more evidences have shown that inhibitory or stimulatory immune checkpoint molecules are expressed on a sizeable fraction of tumor types. Although the main function of tumor cell-associated immune checkpoint molecules is considered to mediate the immune evasion, it has been reported that the immune checkpoint molecules expressed on tumor cells also play important roles in the maintenance of many malignant behaviors, including self-renewal, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, drug resistance, anti-apoptosis, angiogenesis, or enhanced energy metabolisms. In this section, we mainly focus on delineating the roles of the tumor cell-associated immune checkpoint molecules beyond immune evasion, such as PD-L1, PD-1, B7-H3, B7-H4, LILRB1, LILRB2, TIM3, CD47, CD137, and CD70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Junke Zheng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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25
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Ureshino H, Shindo T, Kimura S. Role of cancer immunology in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Leuk Res 2019; 88:106273. [PMID: 31765938 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2019.106273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is caused by the BCR-ABL chimeric tyrosine kinase, which is derived from the reciprocal translocation, t(9;22)(q34;q11). BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) can provide prolonged overall survival in CML patients, resulting in life expectancy nearly to general population, and now approximately half of patients who achieved deep molecular response (DMR) can sustain durable molecular remission after discontinuation TKIs. However, residual leukemic cells still detected in the patients who sustained in molecular remission after discontinuation TKIs with the sensitive BCL-ABL1 transcript detection method. Given the fact that residual leukemic cells can exist in these patients, host immune systems can protect the patients to develop CML progression derived from residual leukemic cells. The human immune system is generally composed by innate and adaptive immune systems, corresponding to their functional diversities. Natural killer (NK) cells are major components of the innate immune system, while T lymphocytes (T cells) are major components of the adaptive immune system, and both NK cell and T cell mediate immune responses have an important role in CML. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that promote expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs), leading to host immune suppression, are also important. Although regulation mechanism of these immune system has not been fully elucidated, tumor antigen (e.g. Wilms tumor-1), and surface receptors (e.g. killer immunoglobulin-like receptor and natural killer group 2) on NK cells, are pivotal role in these immune system regulations. Hence, we reviewed the current the immunological analysis, especially T cell and NK cell immunity in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ureshino
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan; Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Saga University, Saga, Japan.
| | - Takero Shindo
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan; Department of Hematology/Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Kimura
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan; Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Saga University, Saga, Japan
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26
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LILRB4 ITIMs mediate the T cell suppression and infiltration of acute myeloid leukemia cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:272-282. [PMID: 31700117 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that leukocyte Ig-like receptor 4 (LILRB4) expressed by monocytic acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells mediates T-cell inhibition and leukemia cell infiltration via its intracellular domain. The cytoplasmic domain of LILRB4 contains three immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs); the tyrosines at positions 360, 412, and 442 are phosphorylation sites. Here, we analyzed how the ITIMs of LILRB4 in AML cells mediate its function. Our in vitro and in vivo data show that Y412 and Y442, but not Y360, of LILRB4 are required for T-cell inhibition, and all three ITIMs are needed for leukemia cell infiltration. We constructed chimeric proteins containing the extracellular domain of LILRB4 and the intracellular domain of LILRB1 and vice versa. The intracellular domain of LILRB4, but not that of LILRB1, mediates T-cell suppression and AML cell migration. Our studies thus defined the unique signaling roles of LILRB4 ITIMs in AML cells.
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27
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Feng M, Jiang W, Kim BYS, Zhang CC, Fu YX, Weissman IL. Phagocytosis checkpoints as new targets for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2019; 19:568-586. [PMID: 31462760 PMCID: PMC7002027 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 531] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies targeting adaptive immune checkpoints have substantially improved patient outcomes across multiple metastatic and treatment-refractory cancer types. However, emerging studies have demonstrated that innate immune checkpoints, which interfere with the detection and clearance of malignant cells through phagocytosis and suppress innate immune sensing, also have a key role in tumour-mediated immune escape and might, therefore, be potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. Indeed, preclinical studies and early clinical data have established the promise of targeting phagocytosis checkpoints, such as the CD47-signal-regulatory protein α (SIRPα) axis, either alone or in combination with other cancer therapies. In this Review, we highlight the current understanding of how cancer cells evade the immune system by disrupting phagocytic clearance and the effect of phagocytosis checkpoint blockade on induction of antitumour immune responses. Given the role of innate immune cells in priming adaptive immune responses, an improved understanding of the tumour-intrinsic processes that inhibit essential immune surveillance processes, such as phagocytosis and innate immune sensing, could pave the way for the development of highly effective combination immunotherapy strategies that modulate both innate and adaptive antitumour immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingye Feng
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Centre, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Betty Y S Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cheng Cheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Centre, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Centre, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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28
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Wang H, Wang Y, Tang Y, Ye H, Zhang X, Zhou G, Lv J, Cai Y, Li Z, Guo J, Wang Q. Frequencies of the LILRA3 6.7-kb Deletion Are Highly Differentiated Among Han Chinese Subpopulations and Involved in Ankylosing Spondylitis Predisposition. Front Genet 2019; 10:869. [PMID: 31620171 PMCID: PMC6760026 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor A3 (LILRA3) belongs to the LILR family with unique feature of a 6.7-kb deletion variation among individuals. Frequencies of the 6.7-kb deletion vary widely across populations, but so far it has not been carefully investigated among Han Chinese subpopulations. Furthermore, we previously identified the non-deleted (functional) LILRA3 as a novel genetic risk for multiple autoimmune diseases. The current study aimed to investigate (i) whether frequencies of the LILRA3 6.7-kb deletion differ within Han Chinese subpopulations and (ii) whether the functional LILRA3 is a novel genetic risk for ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods: The LILRA3 6.7-kb deletion was genotyped in two independent cohorts, including 1,567 subjects from Shenzhen Hospital and 2,507 subjects from People’s Hospital of Peking University. Frequencies of the 6.7-kb deletion were first investigated in combined healthy cohort according to the Chinese administrative district divisions. Association analyses were performed on whole dataset and subsets according to the geographic regions. Impact of the functional LILRA3 on AS disease activity was evaluated. Results: Frequencies of LILRA3 6.7-kb deletion were highly differentiated within Han Chinese subpopulations, being gradually decreased from Northeast (80.6%) to South (47.4%). Functional LILRA3 seemed to be a strong genetic risk in susceptibility to AS under almost all the alternative genetic models, if the study subjects were not geographically stratified. However, stratification analysis revealed that the functional LILRA3 was consistently associated with AS susceptibility mainly in Northern Han subgroup under the alternative genetic models, but not in Central and Southern Hans. Functional LILRA3 conferred an increased disease activity in AS patients (P < 0.0001 both for CRP and ESR, and P = 0.003 for BASDAI). Conclusions: The present study is the first to report that the frequencies of LILRA3 6.7-kb deletion vary among Chinese Hans across geographic regions. The functional LILRA3 is associated with AS susceptibility mainly in Northern Han, but not in Central and Southern Han subgroups. Our finding provides new evidence that LILRA3 is a common genetic risk for multiple autoimmune diseases and highlights the genetic differentiation among different ethnicities, even within the subpopulations of an ethnic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yundi Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Ye
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuewu Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gengmin Zhou
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiyang Lv
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongjiang Cai
- Health Management Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhanguo Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qingwen Wang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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29
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Liu Q, Harpaz N. Expression Profiling of Inflammatory and Immunological Genes in Collagenous Colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2019; 13:764-771. [PMID: 31131860 PMCID: PMC6535503 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collagenous colitis [CC] is a common idiopathic cause of chronic watery diarrhoea. We investigated its pathogenesis by means of gene expression analysis. METHODS We analysed the expression of genes implicated in immunological and inflammatory pathways in paired colonic biopsies of histologically involved and uninvolved mucosa from five patients with histologically patchy CC, in pooled colonic biopsies of eight other patients with diffuse CC, and in pooled biopsies of eight normal controls. Analyses were performed with the Nanostring nCounter system. Expression ratios were generated and confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. RESULTS CC mucosa was characterized by enhanced expression of nitric oxide synthase 2; of matrix metalloproteinases 3 and 9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, but not transforming growth factor β1; of mediators of T-helper 1 immunity including interleukins 12A [IL12A], 12B, IL12 receptor B1 and interferon γ; of immune mediators of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B; and of multiple T cell cytokines and their receptors. The mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathway was unchanged. There were no increases in IL22, IL22RA2 or tumour necrosis factor α, which are reportedly elevated in chronic inflammatory bowel disease. In four of five patients with patchy CC, similar gene expression profiles were observed in histologically involved and uninvolved mucosa. CONCLUSIONS CC is characterized by altered expression of a limited repertoire of genes involved in nitric oxide synthesis, extracellular matrix remodelling, T-helper 1 immunity and immune modulation. The abnormal gene expression in patchy CC may be expressed in mucosa with and without histological disease manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Liu
- The Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Noam Harpaz
- The Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Corresponding author: Noam Harpaz, MD, PhD, Department of Pathology, Annenberg 15-38E, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA. Tel: [212) 241-6692; Fax: [212) 828-4188;
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30
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van der Touw W, Chen HM, Pan PY, Chen SH. LILRB receptor-mediated regulation of myeloid cell maturation and function. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017. [PMID: 28638976 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LILR) family comprises a set of paired immunomodulatory receptors expressed among human myeloid and lymphocyte cell populations. While six members of LILR subfamily A (LILRA) associate with membrane adaptors to signal via immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activating motifs (ITAM), LILR subfamily B (LILRB) members signal via multiple cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIM). Ligand specificity of some LILR family members has been studied in detail, but new perspective into the immunoregulatory aspects of this receptor family in human myeloid cells has been limited. LILRB receptors and the murine ortholog, paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PIRB), have been shown to negatively regulate maturation pathways in myeloid cells including mast cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, as well as B cells. Our laboratory further demonstrated in mouse models that PIRB regulated functional development of myeloid-derived suppressor cell and the formation of a tumor-permissive microenvironment. Based on observations from the literature and our own studies, our laboratory is focusing on how LILRs modulate immune homeostasis of human myeloid cells and how these pathways may be targeted in disease states. Integrity of this pathway in tumor microenvironments, for example, permits a myeloid phenotype that suppresses antitumor adaptive immunity. This review presents the evidence supporting a role of LILRs as myeloid cell regulators and ongoing efforts to understand the functional immunology surrounding this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- William van der Touw
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hui-Ming Chen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Houston Methodist Research institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ping-Ying Pan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Houston Methodist Research institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shu-Hsia Chen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Houston Methodist Research institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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31
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Gustafson CE, Qi Q, Hutter-Saunders J, Gupta S, Jadhav R, Newell E, Maecker H, Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Immune Checkpoint Function of CD85j in CD8 T Cell Differentiation and Aging. Front Immunol 2017; 8:692. [PMID: 28659925 PMCID: PMC5469909 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with an increased susceptibility to infection and a failure to control latent viruses thought to be driven, at least in part, by alterations in CD8 T cell function. The aging T cell repertoire is characterized by an accumulation of effector CD8 T cells, many of which express the negative regulatory receptor CD85j. To define the biological significance of CD85j expression on CD8 T cells and to address the question whether presence of CD85j in older individuals is beneficial or detrimental for immune function, we examined the specific attributes of CD8 T cells expressing CD85j as well as the functional role of CD85j in antigen-specific CD8 T cell responses during immune aging. Here, we show that CD85j is mainly expressed by terminally differentiated effector (TEMRAs) CD8 T cells, which increase with age, in cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and in males. CD85j+ CMV-specific cells demonstrate clonal expansion. However, TCR diversity is similar between CD85j+ and CD85j− compartments, suggesting that CD85j does not directly impact the repertoire of antigen-specific cells. Further phenotypic and functional analyses revealed that CD85j identifies a specific subset of CMV-responsive CD8 T cells that coexpress a marker of senescence (CD57) but retain polyfunctional cytokine production and expression of cytotoxic mediators. Blocking CD85j binding enhanced proliferation of CMV-specific CD8 T cells upon antigen stimulation but did not alter polyfunctional cytokine production. Taken together, these data demonstrate that CD85j characterizes a population of “senescent,” but not exhausted antigen-specific effector CD8 T cells and indicates that CD85j is an important checkpoint regulator controlling expansion of virus-specific T cells during aging. Inhibition of CD85j activity may be a mechanism to promote stronger CD8 T cell effector responses during immune aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Gustafson
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Qian Qi
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Jessica Hutter-Saunders
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Sheena Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Rohit Jadhav
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Evan Newell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Holden Maecker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Jörg J Goronzy
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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32
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Zhang J, Mai S, Chen HM, Kang K, Li XC, Chen SH, Pan PY. Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors in human diseases: an overview of their distribution, function, and potential application for immunotherapies. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:351-360. [PMID: 28351852 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5mr1216-534r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), a population of immature myeloid cells expanded and accumulated in tumor-bearing mice and in patients with cancer, have been shown to mediate immune suppression and to promote tumor progression, thereby, posing a major hurdle to the success of immune-activating cancer therapies. MDSCs, like their healthy counterparts, such as monocytes/macrophages and granulocytes, express an array of costimulatory and coinhibitory molecules as well as myeloid activators and inhibitory receptors, such as leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILR) A and B. This review summarizes current findings on the LILR family members in various diseases, their potential roles in the pathogenesis, and possible strategies to revert or enhance the suppressive function of MDSCs for the benefit of patients by targeting LILRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilu Zhang
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sunny Mai
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hui-Ming Chen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kyeongah Kang
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xian Chang Li
- Immunobiology & Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shu-Hsia Chen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; and.,Department of General Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ping-Ying Pan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; .,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; and
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33
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Genetic polymorphism and evolutionary differentiation of Eastern Chinese Han: a comprehensive and comparative analysis on KIRs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42486. [PMID: 28205529 PMCID: PMC5311978 DOI: 10.1038/srep42486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes, namely KIRs, cluster together within the 160 kb genomic DNA region. In this study, we used PCR-SSP approach and successfully identified the genotype of 17 KIR genes in 123 independent healthy donors residing in the Jiangsu province, China. All individuals were positive at the 7 genes. The observed carrier gene frequencies (OFs) of remaining 10 KIRs ranged from 14.63% (KIR2DS3) to 95.93% (KIR3DL1). We found 27 distinct genotypes excluding KIR1D. The most frequent occurred in 63 individuals (51.22%). The linkage disequilibrium analysis signified 29 positive and 6 negative relations in 45 pairwise comparisons. To study population differentiation, we drew a Heatmap based on the data of KIRs from 59 populations and conducted Hierarchical Clustering by Euclidean distances. We next validated our results by estimating pairwise DA distances and illustrating a Neighbor-Joining tree, as well as a MDS plot covering 3 additional Chinese Han groups. The phylogenetic reconstruction and cluster analysis strongly indicated a genetically close relationship between Eastern and Jilin Hans. In conclusion, the present study provided a meritorious resource of KIR genotyping for population genetics, and could be helpful to uncover the genetic mechanism of KIRs in immune disease in the future.
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34
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Heidenreich S, Kröger N. Reduction of Relapse after Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Transplantation by KIR-Based Graft Selection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:41. [PMID: 28228753 PMCID: PMC5296332 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides donor T cells, natural killer (NK) cells are considered to have a major role in preventing relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). After T-cell-depleted haploidentical HSCT, a strong NK alloreactivity has been described. These effects have been attributed to killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). Abundant reports suggest a major role of KIR not only on outcome after haploidentical HSCT but also in the unrelated donor setting. In this review, we give a brief overview of the mechanism of NK cell activation, nomenclature of KIR haplotypes, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) groups, and distinct models for prediction of NK cell alloreactivity. It can be concluded that KIR-ligand mismatch seems to provoke adverse effects in unrelated donor HSCT with reduced overall survival and increased risk for high-grade acute graft-versus-host disease. The presence of activating KIR, as seen in KIR haplotype B, as well as the patient’s HLA C1/x haplotype might reduce relapse in myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Heidenreich
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Nicolaus Kröger
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
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Kang X, Kim J, Deng M, John S, Chen H, Wu G, Phan H, Zhang CC. Inhibitory leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors: Immune checkpoint proteins and tumor sustaining factors. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:25-40. [PMID: 26636629 PMCID: PMC4825776 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1121324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILRBs 1-5) transduce signals via intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) that recruit protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 6 (PTPN6 or SHP-1), protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11 or SHP-2), or Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol phosphatase (SHIP), leading to negative regulation of immune cell activation. Certain of these receptors also play regulatory roles in neuronal activity and osteoclast development. The activation of LILRBs on immune cells by their ligands may contribute to immune evasion by tumors. Recent studies found that several members of LILRB family are expressed by tumor cells, notably hematopoietic cancer cells, and may directly regulate cancer development and relapse as well as the activity of cancer stem cells. LILRBs thus have dual concordant roles in tumor biology - as immune checkpoint molecules and as tumor-sustaining factors. Importantly, the study of knockout mice indicated that LILRBs do not affect hematopoiesis and normal development. Therefore LILRBs may represent ideal targets for tumor treatment. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on expression patterns, ligands, signaling, and functions of LILRB family members in the context of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunlei Kang
- a Department of Physiology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Jaehyup Kim
- a Department of Physiology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Mi Deng
- a Department of Physiology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Samuel John
- a Department of Physiology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Heyu Chen
- a Department of Physiology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Guojin Wu
- a Department of Physiology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Hiep Phan
- a Department of Physiology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Cheng Cheng Zhang
- a Department of Physiology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
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Chimenti MS, Conigliaro P, Triggianese P, Baffari E, Squillaci E, Bolacchi F, Perricone R, Bergamini A. Synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis modulates monocyte cell-surface phenotype. J Int Med Res 2016; 44:15-21. [PMID: 27683133 PMCID: PMC5536540 DOI: 10.1177/0300060515593231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the ability of synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or osteoarthritis (OA) to modulate cell-surface phenotype, function and viability of monocytes. Methods Monocytes from healthy donors were incubated with synovial fluid from patients with RA or OA. These were then cultured with autologous healthy CD4+ T-cells. Immunoglobulin-like transcript 4 (ILT4) and CD86 were evaluated on stimulated monocytes and CD4+ T-cells via fluorescence activated cell sorting. Results Monocytes incubated with synovial fluid from patients with RA (SF-RA; n = 12) had significantly lower ILT4 and higher CD86 levels than those incubated with synovial fluid from patients with OA (SF-OA; n = 12) or medium alone. In patients with RA, there was a significant negative correlation between ILT4 and disease activity score (DAS; r = −0.699), and a positive correlation between CD86 and DAS (r = 0.626). T-cells costimulated with monocytes cultured with SF-RA produced significantly more interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor-α than those costimulated with monocytes cultured with SF-OA or controls. Conclusions Soluble mediators in SF-RA could contribute to modulating inflammation and local effectiveness of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sole Chimenti
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systemic Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Conigliaro
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systemic Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Triggianese
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systemic Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Baffari
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systemic Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Ettore Squillaci
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Molecular Imaging, Interventional Radiology and Radiation Therapy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Bolacchi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Molecular Imaging, Interventional Radiology and Radiation Therapy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Perricone
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systemic Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Bergamini
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systemic Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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Microbially cleaved immunoglobulins are sensed by the innate immune receptor LILRA2. Nat Microbiol 2016; 1:16054. [DOI: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Wu CL, Svendsen SG, Riviere A, Desgrandchamps F, Carosella ED, LeMaoult J. Multiplex bead-based immunoassay for the free soluble forms of the HLA-G receptors, ILT2 and ILT4. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:720-6. [PMID: 26874236 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G is an immune-inhibitory molecule that exerts its function via interaction with two main inhibitory receptors: ILT2 and ILT4. This interaction is considered to be an immune checkpoint. HLA-G can be found as a soluble molecule, but it is not known if its receptors can also be found as soluble molecules. In this work, we present a multiplex luminex-based assay to measure soluble ILT2 (sILT2) and soluble ILT4 (sILT4) molecules together. It is based on two antibody pairs, GHI/75 and HP-F1-PE for ILT2 and 27D6 and 42D1-PE for ILT4. The characterization of our method reveals that it specifically detects the free soluble forms of sILT2 and sILT4, and not those complexed to HLA Class I molecules such as their ligand of highest affinity HLA-G. A study on two small cohorts of cancer patients demonstrated that soluble ILT2 and ILT4 molecules were of low abundance in the plasma of healthy controls, but that elevated levels of plasmatic sILT2 were present in non-muscle-infiltrating bladder cancer patients. This demonstrated that the titration test is indeed working, and that soluble ILT2 molecules do exist in pathological contexts, which relevance may now be sought on larger cohorts and other pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Lien Wu
- Hemato-Immunology Research Department, CEA, Hospital Saint Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, Bat Lailler, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR E_5 Institut Universitaire d'Hematologie, Saint-Louis Hospital, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Signe Goul Svendsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Adrien Riviere
- Hemato-Immunology Research Department, CEA, Hospital Saint Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, Bat Lailler, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR E_5 Institut Universitaire d'Hematologie, Saint-Louis Hospital, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France; AP-HP, Saint-Louis Hospital, Department of Urology, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - François Desgrandchamps
- Hemato-Immunology Research Department, CEA, Hospital Saint Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, Bat Lailler, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France; AP-HP, Saint-Louis Hospital, Department of Urology, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Edgardo D Carosella
- Hemato-Immunology Research Department, CEA, Hospital Saint Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, Bat Lailler, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR E_5 Institut Universitaire d'Hematologie, Saint-Louis Hospital, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Joël LeMaoult
- Hemato-Immunology Research Department, CEA, Hospital Saint Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, Bat Lailler, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR E_5 Institut Universitaire d'Hematologie, Saint-Louis Hospital, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France.
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Wiśniewski A, Kowal A, Wyrodek E, Nowak I, Majorczyk E, Wagner M, Pawlak-Adamska E, Jankowska R, Ślesak B, Frydecka I, Kuśnierczyk P. Genetic polymorphisms and expression of HLA-G and its receptors, KIR2DL4 and LILRB1, in non-small cell lung cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 85:466-75. [PMID: 25855135 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a nonclassical HLA class I molecule absent from most normal tissues but detected in many malignant tumors. It is recognized by cells of the immune system using LILRB1, KIR2DL4 and LILRB2 receptors. We attempted to find out whether some polymorphisms of HLA-G, LILRB1 and KIR2DL4 genes are associated with susceptibility to nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Four polymorphisms in HLA-G, i.e. -964A>G (rs1632947), -725C>G>T (rs1233334), -716T>G (rs2249863) in the promoter, and a 14 base pair insertion/deletion (14 bp indel) in the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR), and five in LILRB1 - 5651G>A (rs41308748) in intron 14, 5717C>T L622L (rs1061684), 5724G>A E625K (rs16985478), 5774 C>A P641P (rs41548213) in exon 15, and 5806C>T (rs8101240) in 3'UTR - as well as 9620 9A/10A (rs11410751) polymorphism in exon 7 of KIR2DL4 were typed using different laboratory techniques. Only one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in HLA-G (-964A>G) and one in LILRB1 (5724G>A) were found to influence the risk of NSCLC. In addition, 5724G>A was associated with protection from tumor cell infiltration of regional lymph nodes. Most importantly, we detected HLA-G and LILRB1 expression in tumor specimens, but no correlation with genetic polymorphisms was observed. HLA-G and LILRB1 protein expression levels in tumor tissue were significantly correlated with tumor stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wiśniewski
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Roberti MP, Juliá EP, Rocca YS, Amat M, Bravo AI, Loza J, Coló F, Loza CM, Fabiano V, Maino M, Podhorzer A, Fainboim L, Barrio MM, Mordoh J, Levy EM. Overexpression of CD85j in TNBC patients inhibits Cetuximab-mediated NK-cell ADCC but can be restored with CD85j functional blockade. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:1560-9. [PMID: 25726929 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Clinical studies suggest that triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-expressing tumors could benefit from therapy with Cetuximab, which targets EGFR. NK cells are the primary effectors of antibody (Ab)-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and thus play a role in Ab-based therapies. We have previously described diminished levels of Cetuximab-mediated ADCC in vitro in patients with advanced breast cancer. Here, we investigated the potential causes of this NK-cell functional deficiency. We characterized NK-cell activating/inhibitory receptors in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients and found CD85j inhibitory receptor overexpression. The capacity of NK cells to perform Cetuximab-triggered ADCC against TNBC cells correlated inversely with CD85j expression, even in the presence of the stimulatory cytokines IL-2 or IL-15. Hence, patients expressing high levels of CD85j had an impaired ability to lyse TNBC cells in the presence of Cetuximab. We also found that CD85j overexpression was associated with HLA-I and soluble HLA-G expression by tumors. A CD85j functional blockade with a CD85j antagonist Ab restored ADCC levels in breast cancer patients and reverted this negative effect. Our data suggest that strategies that overcome the hurdles of immune activation could improve Cetuximab clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María P Roberti
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas CIO-FUCA, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Estefanía P Juliá
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas CIO-FUCA, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yamila S Rocca
- Fundación Instituto Leloir-IIBBA, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mora Amat
- Instituto Alexander Fleming, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia I Bravo
- Hospital Eva Perón, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José Loza
- Instituto Alexander Fleming, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Coló
- Instituto Alexander Fleming, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos M Loza
- Instituto Alexander Fleming, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Mercedes Maino
- Instituto Alexander Fleming, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariel Podhorzer
- Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Fainboim
- Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María M Barrio
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas CIO-FUCA, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José Mordoh
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas CIO-FUCA, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Fundación Instituto Leloir-IIBBA, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto Alexander Fleming, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Estrella M Levy
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas CIO-FUCA, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Classical and non-classical MHC I molecule manipulation by human cytomegalovirus: so many targets—but how many arrows in the quiver? Cell Mol Immunol 2014; 12:139-53. [PMID: 25418469 PMCID: PMC4654289 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Major mechanisms for the recognition of pathogens by immune cells have evolved to employ classical and non-classical major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecules. Classical MHC I molecules present antigenic peptide ligands on infected cells to CD8+ T cells, whereas a key function for non-classical MHC I molecules is to mediate inhibitory or activating stimuli in natural killer (NK) cells. The structural diversity of MHC I puts immense pressure on persisting viruses, including cytomegaloviruses. The very large coding capacity of the human cytomegalovirus allows it to express a whole arsenal of immunoevasive factors assigned to individual MHC class I targets. This review summarizes achievements from more than two decades of intense research on how human cytomegalovirus manipulates MHC I molecules and escapes elimination by the immune system.
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Bergamini A, Chimenti MS, Baffari E, Guarino MD, Gigliucci G, Perricone C, Perricone R. Downregulation of immunoglobulin-like transcript-4 (ILT4) in patients with psoriatic arthritis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92018. [PMID: 24676037 PMCID: PMC3967997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The immunoglobulin-like transcript-4 (ILT4) is an inhibitory receptor that modulates the activity of innate immune agents. We determined the expression of ILT4 and analysed the relationship with the expression of costimulatory proteins and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production in monocytes from patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) starting anti-TNF treatment. METHODS Peripheral blood monocytes from 15 healthy controls and from 16 patients with PsA were activated in vitro by CD40 ligand (CD40L) and analyzed for ILT4, CD40, CD80 and CD86 expression, and spontaneous lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-α production by flow cytometry, before and after treatment with adalimumab. RESULTS The percentage of ILT4-negative monocytes was greater in PsA patients compared to controls and negatively correlated with DAS44. Normal monocytes treated with sera of PsA patients showed a reduced expression of ILT4 compared with monocytes exposed to sera from controls. CD40, CD80 and CD86 expression was higher in patients compared to controls. Both spontaneous and LPS-induced TNF-α production was restricted to ILT4-negative monocytes and was greater in PsA patients compared to controls. Finally, twelve weeks-treatment with adalimumab resulted in a significant increase of ILT4 expression and a decrease of costimulatory molecules expression in PsA patients, compared to pre-therapy levels. CONCLUSIONS These data support the possibility that changes in the immunophenotype of monocytes play a role in the pathogenesis of PSA. Thus, modulation of the expression of ILT4 may represent an enticing new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bergamini
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Sole Chimenti
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Baffari
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Domenica Guarino
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Gigliucci
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Perricone
- Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Roberto Perricone
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Low HZ, Reuter S, Topperwien M, Dankenbrink N, Peest D, Kabalak G, Stripecke R, Schmidt RE, Matthias T, Witte T. Association of the LILRA3 deletion with B-NHL and functional characterization of the immunostimulatory molecule. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81360. [PMID: 24363809 PMCID: PMC3867304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
LILRA3 is the sole soluble member of the LILR family. Previous studies from our group had shown that a 6.7 kb genetic deletion of LILRA3 is associated with MS and Sjögren's syndrome. An impairment of the immune response leads to a predisposition for B-NHL, so we wanted to study whether the deletion of LILRA3 is also a risk factor for B-NHL, as well as the function of LILRA3. We discovered that the frequency of the homozygous LILRA3 deletion was significantly higher in B-NHL (6%) than in blood donors (3%) (P = 0.03). We detected binding of fluorochrome-conjugated recombinant LILRA3 to monocytes and B-cells. Incubation of PBMCs with recombinant LILRA3 induced proliferation of CD8(+) T-cells and NK cells, as determined by CFSE staining. Using a transwell system, we demonstrated that LILRA3-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation was mediated by monocytes and required both cell contact and soluble factors. Secretion of IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β and IL-10 in the cell supernatant was stimulated by LILRA3. We conclude that LILRA3 is an immunostimulatory molecule, whose deficiency is associated with higher frequency of B-NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhi Low
- Clinic for Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Michael Topperwien
- Clinic for Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nadine Dankenbrink
- Clinic for Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dietrich Peest
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gamze Kabalak
- Clinic for Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Renata Stripecke
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhold E. Schmidt
- Clinic for Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Torsten Witte
- Clinic for Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Nam G, Shi Y, Ryu M, Wang Q, Song H, Liu J, Yan J, Qi J, Gao GF. Crystal structures of the two membrane-proximal Ig-like domains (D3D4) of LILRB1/B2: alternative models for their involvement in peptide-HLA binding. Protein Cell 2013; 4:761-70. [PMID: 23955630 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-013-3908-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILRs), also called CD85s, ILTs, or LIRs, are important mediators of immune activation and tolerance that contain tandem immunoglobulin (Ig)-like folds. There are 11 (in addition to two pseudogenes) LILRs in total, two with two Ig-like domains (D1D2) and the remaining nine with four Ig-like domains (D1D2D3D4). Thus far, the structural features of the D1D2 domains of LILR proteins are well defined, but no structures for the D3D4 domains have been reported. This is a very important field to be studied as it relates to the unknown functions of the D3D4 domains, as well as their relative orientation to the D1D2 domains on the cell surface. Here, we report the crystal structures of the D3D4 domains of both LILRB1 and LILRB2. The two Ig-like domains of both LILRB1-D3D4 and LILRB2-D3D4 are arranged at an acute angle (∼60°) to form a bent structure, resembling the structures of natural killer inhibitory receptors. Based on these two D3D4 domain structures and previously reported D1D2/HLA I complex structures, two alternative models of full-length (four Ig-like domains) LILR molecules bound to HLA I are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gol Nam
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Schmitt C, Marie-Cardine A, Bagot M, Bensussan A. Natural killer reprogramming in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas: Facts and hypotheses. World J Immunol 2013; 3:1-6. [DOI: 10.5411/wji.v3.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand the pathogenesis of Sézary cells, distinguish them from reactive skin-infiltrating T-cells and improve disease treatment, efforts have been made to identify molecular targets deregulated by the malignant process. From immunophenotypic analysis and subtractive differential expression experiments to pan-genomic studies, many approaches have been used to identify markers of the disease. During the last decade several natural killer (NK) cell markers have been found aberrantly expressed at the surface of Sézary cells. In particular, KIR3DL2/CD158k, expressed by less than 2% of healthy individuals CD4+ T-cells, is an excellent marker to identify and follow the tumor burden in the blood of Sézary syndrome patients. It may also represent a valuable target for specific immunotherapy. Other products of the NK cluster on chromosome 19q13 have been detected on Sézary cells, raising the hypothesis of an NK reprogramming process associated with the malignant transformation that may induce survival functions.
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Abstract
The type 1 membrane glycoprotein CD200, widely expressed on multiple cells/tissues, uses a structurally similar receptor (CD200R1), whose expression is more restricted to cells of the myeloid and lymphoid lineages, to transmit signals affecting responses in multiple physiological systems. Thus CD200 expression is reported to exert effects on cancer growth, autoimmune and allergic disorders, infection, transplantation, bone development and homeostasis, and reproductive biology. It was initially thought, based on the idea that CD200R1 was mostly expressed on cells of myeloid origin, that CD200:CD200R1 interactions were primarily dedicated to controlling myeloid cell function. However additional members of the CD200R family have now also been identified, although their function(s) remain unclear, and CD200R1 itself is now known to be expressed by subsets of T cells and other cells. Together these observations add layers of complexity to our understanding of CD200-related regulation. In common with a number of physiological systems, the mechanism(s) of CD200-induced signaling seem to fit within a similar framework of opposing actions of kinases and phosphatases. This paper highlights the advances in our knowledge of immunoregulation achieved following CD200:CD200R interaction and the potential clinical applicability of that information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginald M. Gorczynski
- Departments of Surgery and Immunology, University Health Network and The Toronto Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1L7
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47
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Wiśniewski A, Wagner M, Nowak I, Bilińska M, Pokryszko-Dragan A, Jasek M, Kuśnierczyk P. 6.7-kbp deletion in LILRA3 (ILT6) gene is associated with later onset of the multiple sclerosis in a Polish population. Hum Immunol 2012; 74:353-7. [PMID: 23238213 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently published studies have implicated the deletion polymorphism in LILRA3 gene, as being associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). A total of 309 patients diagnosed with MS and 379 unrelated healthy volunteers were typed for 6.7-kbp deletion in LILRA3 gene. Simultaneously, presence or absence of HLA-DRB1(∗)1501 allele was established to assess the possibility of interaction between LILRA3 deletion and HLA-DRB1(∗)1501 status. In contrast to previous reports, we did not find any association of LILRA3 deletion with MS susceptibility. Also, the HLA-DRB1(∗)1501 stratification analysis showed no LILRA3 association with the disease. However, we observed that patients negative for the deletion may begin to suffer from MS significantly earlier than patients who are positive (p = 0.014). Similarly to the most European populations we found significantly higher frequency of HLA-DRB1(∗)1501 allele in cases than we found in controls (27.0% vs. 12.5%; p < 0.0001, OR = 2.6, 95%CI = 1.96-3.42).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Wiśniewski
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Department of Clinical Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
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48
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Impact of the NK cell receptor LIR-1 (ILT-2/CD85j/LILRB1) on cytotoxicity against multiple myeloma. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:652130. [PMID: 22844324 PMCID: PMC3400434 DOI: 10.1155/2012/652130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The role of different receptors in natural-killer- (NK-) cell-mediated cytotoxicity against multiple myeloma (MM) cells is unknown. We investigated if an enhancement of NK-cell-mediated cytotoxicity against MM could be reached by blocking of the inhibitory leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 (LIR-1). Our investigations revealed high levels of LIR-1 expression not only on the NK cell line NK-92, but also on myeloma cells (MOLP-8, RPMI8226) as well as on a lymphoblastoid cell line (LBCL; IM-9). Subsequent cytotoxicity assays were designed to show the isolated effects of LIR-1 blocking on either the effector or the tumor side to rule out receptor-receptor interactions. Although NK-92 was shown to be capable of myeloma cell lysis, inhibition of LIR-1 on NK-92 did not enhance cytotoxicity. Targeting the receptor on MM and LBCL did not also alter NK-92-mediated lysis. We come to the conclusion that LIR-1 alone does not directly influence NK-cell-mediated cytotoxicity against myeloma. To our knowledge, this work provides the first investigation of the inhibitory capability of LIR-1 in NK-92-mediated cytotoxicity against MM and the first functional evaluation of LIR-1 on MM and LBCL.
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49
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Hogan L, Bhuju S, Jones DC, Laing K, Trowsdale J, Butcher P, Singh M, Vordermeier M, Allen RL. Characterisation of bovine leukocyte Ig-like receptors. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34291. [PMID: 22485161 PMCID: PMC3317502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILR) are innate immune receptors involved in regulating both innate and adaptive immune functions. LILR show more interspecies conservation than the closely related Killer Ig-like receptors, and homologues have been identified in rodents, primates, seals and chickens. The murine equivalents, paired Ig-like receptors (PIR), contain two additional immunoglobulin domains, but show strong sequence and functional similarities to human LILR. The bovine genome was recently sequenced, with preliminary annotations indicating that LILR were present in this species. We therefore sought to identify and characterize novel LILR within the Bos taurus genome, compare these phylogenetically with LILR from other species and determine whether they were expressed in vivo. Twenty six potential bovine LILR were initially identified using BLAST and BLAT software. Phylogenetic analysis constructed using the neighbour-joining method, incorporating pairwise deletion and confidence limits estimated from 1000 replicates using bootstrapping, indicated that 16 of these represent novel bovine LILR. Protein structures defined using protein BLAST predict that the bovine LILR family comprises seven putative inhibitory, four activating and five soluble receptors. Preliminary expression analysis was performed by mapping the predicted sequences with raw data from total transcript sequence generated using Genome Analyzer IIx (Illumina) to provide evidence that all 16 of these receptors are expressed in vivo. The bovine receptor family appears to contain receptors which resemble the six domain rodent PIR as well as the four domain LILR found in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Hogan
- Centre for Infection, Division of Clinical Sciences, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, United Kingdom.
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50
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Arita K, Endo S, Kaifu T, Kitaguchi K, Nakamura A, Ohmori H, Kohu K, Satake M, Takai T. Transcriptional Activation of thePirbGene in B Cells by PU.1 and Runx3. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:7050-9. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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