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Giri S, Meitei HT, Sonar SA, Shaligram S, Lal G. In vitro-induced Foxp3 + CD8 + regulatory T cells suppress allergic IgE response in the gut. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1497-1507. [PMID: 36000308 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5a0122-027r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Several subsets of CD8+ T cells are known to have a suppressive function in different tissues and diseases in mice and humans. Due to the lack of a consensus on the phenotype of regulatory CD8+ T cells and very low frequency in the body, its clinical use as adoptive cellular therapy has not advanced much. In the present work, using DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (Aza), we efficiently and stably differentiated naïve CD8+ T cells (CD8+ CD25- CD44- cells) into the CD8+ Foxp3+ regulatory CD8+ T cells (CD8 Tregs). We also generated OVA peptide257-264 -specific CD8+ Foxp3+ Tregs. Compared with activated CD8 T cells, Aza plus TGF-β-induced CD8+ Foxp3+ Tregs showed significantly increased surface expression of CD39, CD73, CD122, CD62L, and CD103, and secreted TGF-β and suppressed the proliferation of effector CD4+ T cells. Interestingly, CD8+ Foxp3+ Tregs exhibited low expression of perforin and granzyme required for cytotoxic function. Analysis of chemokine receptors showed that TGF-β + Aza induced CD8+ Foxp3+ Tregs expressed gut-tropic chemokine receptors CCR6 and CCR9, and chemokine receptors CCR7 and CXCR3 required for mobilization into the spleen, lymph nodes, and gut-associated lymphoid tissues. Adoptive transfer of induced CD8+ Foxp3+ Tregs restored cholera toxin-induced breakdown of oral tolerance to OVA by regulating OVA-specific IgE and IgG1. Altogether, we showed an efficient method to generate antigen-specific CD8+ Foxp3+ Tregs, and the adoptive transfer of these cells induces oral tolerance by suppressing allergic response and maintaining intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Giri
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | | | - Sandip Ashok Sonar
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Saumitra Shaligram
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Girdhari Lal
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
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2
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Scheinman PL, Vocanson M, Thyssen JP, Johansen JD, Nixon RL, Dear K, Botto NC, Morot J, Goldminz AM. Contact dermatitis. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2021; 7:38. [PMID: 34045488 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-021-00271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Contact dermatitis (CD) is among the most common inflammatory dermatological conditions and includes allergic CD, photoallergic CD, irritant CD, photoirritant CD (also called phototoxic CD) and protein CD. Occupational CD can be of any type and is the most prevalent occupational skin disease. Each CD type is characterized by different immunological mechanisms and/or requisite exposures. Clinical manifestations of CD vary widely and multiple subtypes may occur simultaneously. The diagnosis relies on clinical presentation, thorough exposure assessment and evaluation with techniques such as patch testing and skin-prick testing. Management is based on patient education, avoidance strategies of specific substances, and topical treatments; in severe or recalcitrant cases, which can negatively affect the quality of life of patients, systemic medications may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela L Scheinman
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc Vocanson
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111; Univ Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; CNRS, UMR, 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Jacob P Thyssen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanne Duus Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rosemary L Nixon
- Skin Health Institute - Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate Dear
- Skin Health Institute - Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nina C Botto
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Johanna Morot
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111; Univ Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; CNRS, UMR, 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Ari M Goldminz
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Céspedes PF, Beckers D, Dustin ML, Sezgin E. Model membrane systems to reconstitute immune cell signaling. FEBS J 2020; 288:1070-1090. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo F. Céspedes
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford UK
| | - Daniel Beckers
- MRC Human Immunology Unit MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Oxford UK
| | - Michael L. Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford UK
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- MRC Human Immunology Unit MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Oxford UK
- Science for Life Laboratory Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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4
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Rojas C, Campos-Mora M, Cárcamo I, Villalón N, Elhusseiny A, Contreras-Kallens P, Refisch A, Gálvez-Jirón F, Emparán I, Montoya-Riveros A, Vernal R, Pino-Lagos K. T regulatory cells-derived extracellular vesicles and their contribution to the generation of immune tolerance. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:813-824. [PMID: 32531824 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0420-533rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
T regulatory (Treg) cells have a major role in the maintenance of immune tolerance against self and foreign antigens through the control of harmful inflammation. Treg cells exert immunosuppressive function by several mechanisms, which can be distinguished as contact dependent or independent. Recently, the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by Treg cells has been reported as a novel suppressive mechanism capable of modulating immunity in a cell-contact independent and targeted manner, which has been identified in different pathologic scenarios. EVs are cell-derived membranous structures involved in physiologic and pathologic processes through protein, lipid, and genetic material exchange, which allow intercellular communication. In this review, we revise and discuss current knowledge on Treg cells-mediated immune tolerance giving special attention to the production and release of EVs. Multiple studies support that Treg cells-derived EVs represent a refined intercellular exchange device with the capacity of modulating immune responses, thus creating a tolerogenic microenvironment in a cell-free manner. The mechanisms proposed encompass miRNAs-induced gene silencing, the action of surface proteins and the transmission of enzymes. These observations gain relevance by the fact that Treg cells are susceptible to converting into effector T cells after exposition to inflammatory environments. Yet, in contrast to their cells of origin, EVs are unlikely to be modified under inflammatory conditions, highlighting the advantage of their use. Moreover, we speculate in the possibility that Treg cells may contribute to infectious tolerance via vesicle secretion, intervening with CD4+ T cells differentiation and/or stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rojas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.,Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Campos-Mora
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Cárcamo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Villalón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ahmed Elhusseiny
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamina Contreras-Kallens
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aarón Refisch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Gálvez-Jirón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ivana Emparán
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andro Montoya-Riveros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karina Pino-Lagos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
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5
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Aye A, Song YJ, Jeon YD, Jin JS. Xanthone suppresses allergic contact dermatitis in vitro and in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 78:106061. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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6
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Localized immune tolerance from FasL-functionalized PLG scaffolds. Biomaterials 2018; 192:271-281. [PMID: 30458362 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intraportal allogeneic islet transplantation has been demonstrated as a potential therapy for type 1 diabetes (T1D). The placement of islets into the liver and chronic immunosuppression to control rejection are two major limitations of islet transplantation. We hypothesize that localized immunomodulation with a novel form of FasL chimeric with streptavidin, SA-FasL, can provide protection and long-term function of islets at an extrahepatic site in the absence of chronic immunosuppression. Allogeneic islets modified with biotin and engineered to transiently display SA-FasL on their surface showed sustained survival following transplantation on microporous scaffolds into the peritoneal fat in combination with a short course (15 days) of rapamycin treatment. The challenges with modifying islets for clinical translation motivated the modification of scaffolds with SA-FasL as an off-the-shelf product. Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) was conjugated with biotin and fabricated into particles and subsequently formed into microporous scaffolds to allow for rapid and efficient conjugation with SA-FasL. Biotinylated particles and scaffolds efficiently bound SA-FasL and induced apoptosis in cells expressing Fas receptor (FasR). Scaffolds functionalized with SA-FasL were subsequently seeded with allogeneic islets and transplanted into the peritoneal fat under the short-course of rapamycin treatment. Scaffolds modified with SA-FasL had robust engraftment of the transplanted islets that restored normoglycemia for 200 days. Transplantation without rapamycin or without SA-FasL did not support long-term survival and function. This work demonstrates that scaffolds functionalized with SA-FasL support allogeneic islet engraftment and long-term survival and function in an extrahepatic site in the absence of chronic immunosuppression with significant potential for clinical translation.
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7
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CCR6 signaling inhibits suppressor function of induced-Treg during gut inflammation. J Autoimmun 2017; 88:121-130. [PMID: 29126851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
CCR6 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that binds to a specific chemokine, CCL20. The role of CCR6-CCL20 is very well studied in the migration of immune cells, but the non-chemotaxis functions of CCR6 signaling were not known. Here, we show that during gut inflammation, the frequency of Foxp3+CD4+ T cells (Tregs) reduced in the secondary lymphoid tissues and CCR6+ Tregs enhanced the expression of RORγt. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients showed lower percentages of Foxp3+CD4+ T cells, as compared to healthy individuals, with CCR6+ Tregs showing higher RORγt expression as compared to CCR6-Tregs. CCL20 inhibited the TGF-β1-induced Treg (iTreg) differentiation and directed them towards the pathogenic Th17-lineage in a CCR6-dependent manner. The iTreg that differentiated in the presence of CCL20 showed lower surface expression of suppressor molecules such as CD39, CD73 and FasL, and had impaired suppressive function. Furthermore, CCR6 signaling induced phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR, and STAT3 molecules in T cells. In conclusion, we have identified a new role of CCR6 signaling in the differentiation of iTregs during inflammation and gut autoimmunity.
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Hombach AA, Abken H. Most Do, but Some Do Not: CD4⁺CD25 - T Cells, but Not CD4⁺CD25⁺ Treg Cells, Are Cytolytic When Redirected by a Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR). Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9090112. [PMID: 28850063 PMCID: PMC5615327 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9090112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidences are accumulating that CD4⁺ T cells can physiologically mediate antigen specific target cell lysis. By circumventing major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restrictions through an engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), CD4⁺ T cells lyse defined target cells as efficiently as do CD8⁺ T cells. However, the cytolytic capacity of redirected CD4⁺CD25- T cells, in comparison with CD4⁺CD25⁺ regulatory T (Treg) cells was so far not thoroughly defined. Treg cells require a strong CD28 signal together with CD3ζ for activation. We consequently used a CAR with combined CD28-CD3ζ signalling for redirecting CD4⁺CD25- T cells and CD4⁺CD25⁺ Treg cells from the same donor. CAR redirected activation of these T cell subsets and induced a distinct cytokine pattern with high IL-10 and a lack of IL-2 release by Treg cells. Despite strong antigen-specific activation, CAR Treg cells produced only weak target cell lysis, whereas CD4⁺CD25- CAR T cells were potent killers. Cytolysis did not correlate with the target cell sensitivity to Fas/FasL mediated killing; CD4⁺CD25- T cells upregulated perforin and granzyme B upon CAR activation, whereas Treg cells did less. The different cytolytic capacities of CAR redirected conventional CD4⁺ cells and Treg cells imply their use for different purposes in cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A Hombach
- Department I Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne D-50931, Germany.
| | - Hinrich Abken
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, Cologne D-50931, Germany.
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9
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Vocanson M, Mutez V, Esser PR, Bachtanian E, Cluzel M, Nosbaum A, Martin SF, Nicolas JF. Contact hypersensitivity: T-cell based assay. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Kim J, Oh CH, Jeon J, Baek Y, Ahn J, Kim DJ, Lee HS, Correa da Rosa J, Suárez-Fariñas M, Lowes MA, Krueger JG. Molecular Phenotyping Small (Asian) versus Large (Western) Plaque Psoriasis Shows Common Activation of IL-17 Pathway Genes but Different Regulatory Gene Sets. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:161-172. [PMID: 26763436 PMCID: PMC4731034 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is present in all racial groups, but in varying frequencies and severity. Considering that small plaque psoriasis is specific to the Asian population and severe psoriasis is more predominant in the Western population, we defined Asian small and intermediate plaque psoriasis as psoriasis subtypes, and compared their molecular signatures with classic subtype of Western large plaque psoriasis. Two different characteristics of psoriatic spreading—vertical growth and radial expansion—were contrasted between subtypes, and genomic data were correlated to histologic and clinical measurements. Compared to Western large plaque psoriasis, Asian small plaque psoriasis revealed limited psoriasis spreading, but IL-17A and IL-17-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines were highly expressed. Paradoxically, IL-17A and IL-17-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines were lower in Western large plaque psoriasis, while T cells and dendritic cells in total psoriatic skin area were exponentially increased. Negative immune regulators, such as CD69 and FAS, were decreased in both Western large plaque psoriasis and psoriasis with accompanying arthritis or obesity, and their expression was correlated with psoriasis severity index. Based on the disease subtype comparisons, we propose that dysregulation of T cell expansion enabled by downregulation of immune negative regulators is the main mechanism for development of large plaque psoriasis subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehwan Kim
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chil-Hwan Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiehyun Jeon
- Department of Dermatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoosang Baek
- Department of Dermatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaewoo Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Joo Kim
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA; School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Hyun-Soo Lee
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joel Correa da Rosa
- The Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mayte Suárez-Fariñas
- The Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michelle A Lowes
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA; Division of Dermatology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA.
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Impaired T-cell survival promotes mucosal inflammatory disease in SHIP1-deficient mice. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:1429-1439. [PMID: 24781051 PMCID: PMC4205272 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2014.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
T cells have a critical role in immune surveillance at mucosal surfaces. SHIP1(-/-) mice succumb to mucosal inflammatory disease that afflicts the lung and small intestine (SI). The basis of this condition has not been defined. Here we show that SHIP1 is required for the normal persistence and survival of T cells in mucosal tissues. We find that CD4 and CD8 effector T cells are reduced; however, Treg cells are increased in the SI and lungs of SHIP1(-/-) and CD4CreSHIP(flox/flox) mice. Furthermore, a subset of T cells in the SI of SHIP1(-/-) mice are FasL(+) and are more susceptible to extrinsic cell death. Mechanistic analyses showed that SHIP1 associates with the death receptor CD95/Fas and treatment with a Caspase 8 inhibitor prevents SHIP1 inhibitor-mediated T-cell death. Notably, mucosal inflammation in SHIP1(-/-) mice is reduced by treatment with a Caspase 8 inhibitor. We also find that the incidence of Crohn's disease (CD) and pneumonia is significantly increased in mice with dual T and myeloid lineage SHIP1 deletion but not in single lineage-deleted mice. Thus, by promoting survival of protective T cells, thereby preventing an inflammatory myeloid response, SHIP1 maintains an appropriate balance of innate immune function at mucosal surfaces necessary for immune homeostasis.
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Kearns MT, Barthel L, Bednarek JM, Yunt ZX, Henson PM, Janssen WJ. Fas ligand-expressing lymphocytes enhance alveolar macrophage apoptosis in the resolution of acute pulmonary inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L62-70. [PMID: 24838751 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00273.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis of alveolar macrophages and their subsequent clearance by neighboring phagocytes are necessary steps in the resolution of acute pulmonary inflammation. We have recently identified that activation of the Fas death receptor on the cell surface of macrophages drives macrophage apoptosis. However, the source of the cognate ligand for Fas (FasL) responsible for induction of alveolar macrophage apoptosis is not defined. Given their known role in the resolution of inflammation and ability to induce macrophage apoptosis ex vivo, we hypothesized that T lymphocytes represented a critical source of FasL. To address this hypothesis, C57BL/6J and lymphocyte-deficient (Rag-1(-/-)) mice were exposed to intratracheal lipopolysaccharide to induce pulmonary inflammation. Furthermore, utilizing mice expressing nonfunctional FasL, we adoptively transferred donor lymphocytes into inflamed lymphocyte-deficient mice to characterize the effect of lymphocyte-derived FasL on alveolar macrophage apoptosis in the resolution of inflammation. Herein, evidence is presented that lymphocytes expressing FasL enhance alveolar macrophage apoptosis during the resolution of LPS-induced inflammation. Moreover, lymphocyte induction of alveolar macrophage apoptosis results in contraction of the alveolar macrophage pool, which occurs in a FasL-dependent manner. Specifically, FasL-expressing CD8(+) T lymphocytes potently induce alveolar macrophage apoptosis and contraction of the alveolar macrophage pool. Together, these studies identify a novel role for CD8(+) T lymphocytes in the resolution of acute pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Kearns
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado;
| | - Lea Barthel
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | | | - Zulma X Yunt
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Peter M Henson
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado; Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - William J Janssen
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
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13
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Human T cell priming assay: depletion of peripheral blood lymphocytes in CD25(+) cells improves the in vitro detection of weak allergen-specific T cells. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2014; 104:89-100. [PMID: 24214620 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0726-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To develop an in vitro assay that recapitulates the key event of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), that is the priming of effector T cells by hapten-presenting dendritic cells, and then allows for the sensitive detection of chemical allergens represents a major challenge. Classical human T cell priming assays (hTCPA) that have been developed in the past, using hapten-loaded monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) as antigen-presenting cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) as responding cells, were not efficient to prime T cells to common allergens with moderate/weak sensitizing properties. Recent progress in the understanding of the effector and regulatory mechanisms of ACD have shown that T cell priming requires efficient uptake of allergens by immunogenic DCs and that it is controlled by several subsets of regulatory cells including CD25(+) Tregs. We therefore analyzed various parameters involved in allergen-specific T cell activation in vitro and showed that priming of allergen-specific T cells is hampered by several subsets of immune cells comprising CD1a(neg) DCs, CD25(+) T cells, and CD56(+) regulatory cells.CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) Tregs prevented the in vitro T cell priming to moderate/weak allergens, and depletion of human PBLs in CD25(+) cells significantly increased specific T cell proliferation and IFN-γ secretion. CD56(+) cells exerted an additional control of T cell priming since co-depletion of both CD56(+) and CD25(+) cells improved the magnitude of chemical-specific T cell activation. Finally, CD1a(low) MDDCs were able to inhibit T cell activation obtained by allergen-pulsed CD1a(high) MDDC. Moreover, we showed that uptake by DC of allergen-encapsulated nanoparticles significantly increased their activation status and their ability to prompt specific T cell activation. Hence, by combining the different strategies, i.e., depletion of CD25(+) and CD56(+) cells, use of CD1a(high) MDDC, and nanoparticle encapsulation of allergens, it was possible to induce T cell priming to most of the moderate/weak allergens, including lipophilic molecules highly insoluble in culture media. Therefore, the present optimized in vitro human T cell priming assay is a valuable method to detect the sensitizing properties of chemical allergens.
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14
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Ballesteros-Tato A, León B, Lund FE, Randall TD. CD4+ T helper cells use CD154-CD40 interactions to counteract T reg cell-mediated suppression of CD8+ T cell responses to influenza. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:1591-601. [PMID: 23835849 PMCID: PMC3727323 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20130097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
CD40+ DCs interact with CD154+CD4+ T cells to abrogate T reg cell–mediated suppression of influenza-specific CD8+ T cells. CD4+ T cells promote CD8+ T cell priming by licensing dendritic cells (DCs) via CD40–CD154 interactions. However, the initial requirement for CD40 signaling may be replaced by the direct activation of DCs by pathogen-derived signals. Nevertheless, CD40–CD154 interactions are often required for optimal CD8+ T cell responses to pathogens for unknown reasons. Here we show that CD40 signaling is required to prevent the premature contraction of the influenza-specific CD8+ T cell response. CD40 is required on DCs but not on B cells or T cells, whereas CD154 is required on CD4+ T cells but not CD8+ T cells, NKT cells, or DCs. Paradoxically, even though CD154-expressing CD4+ T cells are required for robust CD8+ T cell responses, primary CD8+ T cell responses are apparently normal in the absence of CD4+ T cells. We resolved this paradox by showing that the interaction of CD40-bearing DCs with CD154-expressing CD4+ T cells precludes regulatory T cell (T reg cell)–mediated suppression and prevents premature contraction of the influenza-specific CD8+ T cell response. Thus, CD4+ T helper cells are not required for robust CD8+ T cell responses to influenza when T reg cells are absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Ballesteros-Tato
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Extract of Rhus verniciflua Bark Suppresses 2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene-Induced Allergic Contact Dermatitis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:879696. [PMID: 23710240 PMCID: PMC3655595 DOI: 10.1155/2013/879696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RV) has traditionally been used as a food supplement and a traditional herbal medicine for centuries in Korea. Recent studies suggest that RV has potent antioxidative, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of RV from mice sensitized with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and activated macrophages were investigated. The results showed that RV reduced ear swelling and hyperplasia of ear tissue as well as an increase in vascular permeability, which are characteristics of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) with evident histomorphological changes in epidermis and dermis. Decreased numbers of infiltrated mast cells were seen in RV extract treated group, using toluidine blue staining. RV extract significantly regulates the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) at the translational level in activated macrophages. Furthermore, RV extract and its active compound, fisetin, attenuated the level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Anti-ACD effect of RV extract may be due to the suppression of iNOS and proinflammatory cytokines which might be mediated via the NFκB signaling pathways. Collectively, RV extract has potential for alleviating ACD-like symptoms induced by DNFB in the mouse.
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Liu W, Huang ZF, Ye QF, Ye SJ. Transfusion of endothelial cells with lentivirus-mediated expression of fas ligand prolonged survival of rat liver allograft. Transplant Proc 2012; 44:1399-403. [PMID: 22664023 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunologically privileged sites have been shown to express Fas ligand (FasL) and may protect themselves by inducing apoptosis of infiltrating inflammatory cells. We asked whether the Fas/FasL interaction could be used to protect liver allograft from acute rejection. We proposed that endothelial cells that are resistant to Fas-mediated killing could be considered as a vehicle for expression of recombinant FasL. METHODS Based on the lenti-rFasl/puro expression system, constructs were designed that allowed endothelial cell-specific and continual expression of FasL. Endothelial cells with expression of FasL or viruses recombinant with FasL gene were transfused into portal vein of recipient rats during liver transplant surgery. Comparing groups of rats after liver transplant surgery using regular dose of FK506 and with no other treatment, we observed the aspartate aminotransferase and BIL value and survival of four groups of rat recipients. RESULTS Values of AST and BIL in the cell and virus transfusion groups were between FK506 and contrast groups. The survival of cell and virus transfusion groups were longer than contrast group and shorter than FK506 group. CONCLUSION This in vitro model shows that endothelial cells with expression of FasL or viruses recombinant with FasL gene transfusion can preserve liver function and prolong the survival time of liver allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Liu
- 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Engineering & Technology Research Center of Transplantation Medicine of National Ministry of Health, Changsha, the People's Republic of China.
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Juvet SC, Zhang L. Double negative regulatory T cells in transplantation and autoimmunity: recent progress and future directions. J Mol Cell Biol 2012; 4:48-58. [PMID: 22294241 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjr043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes bearing the αβ T cell receptor (TCR) but lacking CD4, CD8, and markers of natural killer (NK) cell differentiation are known as 'double-negative' (DN) T cells and have been described in both humans and rodent models. We and others have shown that DN T cells can act as regulatory T cells (Tregs) that are able to prevent allograft rejection, graft-versus-host disease, and autoimmune diabetes. In the last few years, new data have revealed evidence of DN Treg function in vivo in rodents and humans. Moreover, significant advances have been made in the mechanisms by which DN Tregs target antigen-specific T cells. One major limitation of the field is the lack of a specific marker that can be used to distinguish truly regulatory DN T cells (DN Tregs) from non-regulatory ones, and this is the central challenge in the coming years. Here, we review recent progress on the role of DN Tregs in transplantation and autoimmunity, and their mechanisms of action. We also provide some perspectives on how DN Tregs compare with Foxp3(+) Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Juvet
- Division of Respirology and Clinician-Scientist Training Program, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Kish DD, Gorbachev AV, Fairchild RL. IL-1 receptor signaling is required at multiple stages of sensitization and elicitation of the contact hypersensitivity response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:1761-71. [PMID: 22238457 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is a CD8 T cell-mediated response to hapten skin sensitization and challenge. The points at which IL-1R signaling is required during this complex, multistep immune response have not been clearly delineated. The role of IL-1R signaling during 2, 4 dinitro-1-fluorobenezene (DNFB) sensitization to induce hapten-specific CD8 effector T cells and in the trafficking of the effector T cells to the DNFB challenge site to elicit the response were investigated using IL-1R deficient mice. DNFB-sensitized IL-1R(-/-) mice had low CHS responses to hapten challenge that were caused in part by marked decreases in hapten-specific CD8 T cell development to IL-17- and IFN-γ-producing cells during sensitization. Hapten-primed wild type CD8 T cell transfer to naive IL-1R(-/-) mice did not result in T cell activation in response to hapten challenge, indicating a need for IL-1R signaling for the localization or activation, or both, of the CD8 T cells at the challenge site. Decreased CD8 T cell priming in sensitized IL-1R(-/-) mice was associated with marked decreases in hapten-presenting dendritic cell migration from the sensitized skin to draining lymph nodes. Transfer of hapten-presenting dendritic cells from wild type donors to naive IL-1R(-/-) mice resulted in decreased numbers of the dendritic cells in the draining lymph nodes and decreased priming of hapten-specific CD8 T cells compared with dendritic cell transfer to naive wild type recipients. These results indicate that IL-1R signaling is required at multiple steps during the course of sensitization and challenge to elicit CHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle D Kish
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195-0001, USA
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Allergic contact dermatitis: a commentary on the relationship between T lymphocytes and skin sensitising potency. Toxicology 2011; 291:18-24. [PMID: 22120538 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
T lymphocytes mediate skin sensitisation and allergic contact dermatitis. Not unexpectedly, therefore, there is considerable interest in the use of T lymphocyte-based assays as alternative strategies for the identification of skin sensitising chemicals. However, in addition to accurate identification of hazards the development of effective risk assessments requires that information is available about the relative skin sensitising potency of contact allergens. The purpose of this article is to consider the relationships that exist between the characteristics of T lymphocyte responses to contact allergens and the effectiveness/potency of sensitisation. We propose that there are 3 aspects of T lymphocyte responses that have the potential to impact on the potency of sensitisation. These are: (a) the magnitude of response, and in particular the vigour and duration of proliferation and the clonal expansion of allergen-reactive T lymphocytes, (b) the quality of response, including the balance achieved between effector and regulatory cells, and (c) the breadth of response and the clonal diversity of T lymphocyte responses. A case is made that there may be opportunities to exploit an understanding of T lymphocyte responses to contact allergens to develop novel paradigms for predicting skin sensitising potency and new approaches to risk assessment.
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Bajor A, Tischer S, Figueiredo C, Wittmann M, Immenschuh S, Blasczyk R, Eiz-Vesper B. Modulatory role of calreticulin as chaperokine for dendritic cell-based immunotherapy. Clin Exp Immunol 2011; 165:220-34. [PMID: 21635227 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04423.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play a regulatory role for maturation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. Whereas HSP70 has been shown to enhance the maturation of human DCs via a nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)-dependent pathway, the regulatory role of calreticulin (CRT), which is a HSP with similar functions to HSP70, is not well studied. To investigate the role of CRT as adjuvant in cell activation and co-stimulatory responses we determined the effects of CRT on human APC maturation in comparison to that of HSP70. To facilitate eukaryotic endotoxin-free CRT protein expression, three different methods were compared. We demonstrate that CRT induces the maturation of human DCs and increases the production of proinflammatory cytokines via the NF-κB pathway. CRT-mediated maturation was qualitatively similar to that induced by HSP70. Interestingly, priming of monocytes with HSPs showed an even more prominent effect on maturation than exposure of immature DCs to these compounds. A higher expression of CD86, CD83 and CCR7 on mature DCs were found in response to CRT. Our data provide novel insights into the role of extracellular HSPs as chaperokines in the processes of APC generation and may thus be useful to improve adoptive immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bajor
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Garden O, Pinheiro D, Cunningham F. All creatures great and small: regulatory T cells in mice, humans, dogs and other domestic animal species. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:576-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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