1
|
Friedmann KS, Kaschek L, Knörck A, Cappello S, Lünsmann N, Küchler N, Hoxha C, Schäfer G, Iden S, Bogeski I, Kummerow C, Schwarz EC, Hoth M. Interdependence of sequential cytotoxic T lymphocyte and natural killer cell cytotoxicity against melanoma cells. J Physiol 2022; 600:5027-5054. [PMID: 36226443 DOI: 10.1113/jp283667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells recognize and eliminate cancer cells. However, immune evasion, downregulation of immune function by the tumour microenvironment and resistance of cancer cells are major problems. Although CTL and NK cells are both important to eliminate cancer, most studies address them individually. We quantified sequential primary human CTL and NK cell cytotoxicity against the melanoma cell line SK-Mel-5. At high effector-to-target ratios, NK cells or melan-A (MART-1)-specific CTL eliminated all SK-Mel-5 cells within 24 h, indicating that SK-Mel-5 cells are not resistant initially. However, at lower effector-to-target ratios, which resemble numbers of the immune contexture in human cancer, a substantial number of SK-Mel-5 cells survived. Pre-exposure to CTL induced resistance in surviving SK-Mel-5 cells to subsequent CTL or NK cell cytotoxicity, and pre-exposure to NK cells induced resistance in surviving SK-Mel-5 cells to NK cells. Higher human leucocyte antigen class I expression or interleukin-6 levels were correlated with resistance to NK cells, whereas reduction in MART-1 antigen expression was correlated with reduced CTL cytotoxicity. The CTL cytotoxicity was rescued beyond control levels by exogenous MART-1 antigen. In contrast to the other three combinations, CTL cytotoxicity against SK-Mel-5 cells was enhanced following NK cell pre-exposure. Our assay allows quantification of sequential CTL and NK cell cytotoxicity and might guide strategies for efficient CTL-NK cell anti-melanoma therapies. KEY POINTS: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells eliminate cancer cells. Both CTL and NK cells attack the same targets, but most studies address them individually. In a sequential cytotoxicity model, the interdependence of antigen-specific CTL and NK cell cytotoxicity against melanoma is quantified. High numbers of antigen-specific CTL and NK cells eliminate all melanoma cells. However, lower numbers induce resistance if secondary CTL or NK cell exposure follows initial CTL exposure or if secondary NK cell exposure follows initial NK cell exposure. On the contrary, if secondary CTL exposure follows initial NK cell exposure, cytotoxicity is enhanced. Alterations in human leucocyte antigen class I expression and interleukin-6 levels are correlated with resistance to NK cells, whereas a reduction in antigen expression is correlated with reduced CTL cytotoxicity; CTL cytotoxicity is rescued beyond control levels by exogenous antigen. This assay and the results on interdependencies will help us to understand and optimize immune therapies against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim S Friedmann
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lea Kaschek
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Arne Knörck
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Cappello
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,Molecular Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Niklas Lünsmann
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Nadja Küchler
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Cora Hoxha
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Gertrud Schäfer
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Iden
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ivan Bogeski
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,Molecular Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carsten Kummerow
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Eva C Schwarz
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hoth
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guan D, Li Y, Cui Y, Guo Y, Dong N, Li G, Dai Y, Ji L. Down-regulated miR-374c and Hsp70 promote Th17 cell differentiation by inducing Fas expression in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 154:1158-1165. [PMID: 31756487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fas is a positive regulator of Th17 cells differentiation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, its upstream regulators are still not fully determined. This study was designed to explore the upstream regulators of Fas in regulating Th17 cells differentiation in EAE. METHODS The mouse model of EAE was established by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein injection. Th17 cells differentiation was induced by IL-23, IL-6 and TGF-β. RESULTS Down-regulated Hsp70 and miR-374c and up-regulated Fas were observed in the spleen and brain of EAE mice. Hsp70 overexpression evidently reduced Fas protein level, but not mRNA level. The luciferase reporter assay indicated that miR-374c targets Fas. Overexpression of miR-374c down-regulated the mRNA and protein level of Fas. The concentration of IL-17A in CD4+ T-cells was reduced by miR-374c or Hsp70 overexpression, and Fas overexpression altered this trend. Hsp70 did not regulate the expression of miR-374c, and likewise, miR-374c did not regulate the expression of Hsp70. Further results suggested that Hsp70 and miR-374c regulated Fas expression through different ways to affect Th17 cells differentiation in EAE. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that down-regulated miR-374c and Hsp70 promote Th17 cell differentiation by inducing Fas expression in EAE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Guan
- Department the Second Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingxia Li
- The College of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinglin Cui
- Department the Second Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yanke Guo
- Department the Second Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning Dong
- Department the Second Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ge Li
- Department the Second Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yun Dai
- Department the Second Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liang Ji
- Department the Second Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kamm A, Przychodzeń P, Kuban–Jankowska A, Marino Gammazza A, Cappello F, Daca A, Żmijewski MA, Woźniak M, Górska–Ponikowska M. 2-Methoxyestradiol and Its Combination with a Natural Compound, Ferulic Acid, Induces Melanoma Cell Death via Downregulation of Hsp60 and Hsp90. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:9293416. [PMID: 32082378 PMCID: PMC7012217 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9293416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer with one of the highest mortality rates. Notably, its incidence in the last few decades has increased faster than any other cancer. Therefore, searching for novel anticancer therapies is of great clinical importance. In the present study, we investigated the anticancer potential of 2-methoxyestradiol, potent chemotherapeutic, in the A375 melanoma cellular model. In order to furthermore evaluate the anticancer efficacy of 2-methoxyestradiol, we have additionally combined the treatment with a naturally occurring polyphenol, ferulic acid. The results were obtained using the melanoma A375 cellular model. In the study, we used MTT assay, flow cytometry, and western blot techniques. Herein, we have evidenced that the molecular mechanism of action of 2-methoxyestradiol and ferulic acid is partly related to the reduction of Hsp60 and Hsp90 levels and the induction of nitric oxide in the A375 melanoma cell model, while no changes were observed in Hsp70 expression after 2-methoxyestradiol and ferulic acid treatment separately or in combination. This is especially important in case of chemoresistance mechanisms because the accumulation of Hsp70 reduces induction of cancer cell death, thus decreasing antitumour efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kamm
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-211, Poland
| | - Paulina Przychodzeń
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-211, Poland
| | | | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Agnieszka Daca
- Department of Pathology and Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-211, Poland
| | - Michał A. Żmijewski
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-211, Poland
| | - Michał Woźniak
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-211, Poland
| | - Magdalena Górska–Ponikowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-211, Poland
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vitamin D Deficiency has a Negative Impact on Cetuximab-Mediated Cellular Cytotoxicity against Human Colon Carcinoma Cells. Target Oncol 2019; 13:657-665. [PMID: 30090970 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-018-0586-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypovitaminosis D is associated with an adverse prognosis in colon cancer patients, possibly due to the effects of the vitamin on the immune system. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) significantly contributes to the anti-tumor effects of monoclonal antibodies, including cetuximab, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted monoclonal antibody that is frequently added to chemotherapy in the treatment of colon cancer. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluates the association between vitamin D serum levels and the ability of ex vivo NK cells to support cetuximab-mediated ADCC in colon cancer cell lines. METHODS Blood samples were obtained from 124 healthy volunteers and serum vitamin D was determined by RIA. NK cells were isolated from each sample and added to human colorectal carcinoma cells with or without cetuximab, and ADCC was assessed using a colorimetric lactate dehydrogenase assay. RESULTS Correlation analysis indicates a significant, gender- and age-independent association between vitamin D levels and cetuximab-induced ADCC on HT29 cells, where NK cells from samples with vitamin D < 20 ng/mL are significantly less efficient in inducing ADCC. A confirmatory study on two additional colon cancer cell lines yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that vitamin D supplementation in vitamin-deficient/insufficient colorectal cancer patients could improve cetuximab-induced ADCC.
Collapse
|
5
|
Jung SH, Hwang JH, Kim SE, Kim YK, Park HC, Lee HT. Human galectin-9 on the porcine cells affects the cytotoxic activity of M1-differentiated THP-1 cells through inducing a shift in M2-differentiated THP-1 cells. Xenotransplantation 2017; 24. [PMID: 28432704 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In xenotransplantation, immune rejection by macrophages occurs rapidly and remains a major obstacle. Studies to control immune rejection in macrophages have been continuing to date. Recent studies have reported that human galectin-9 (hGal-9) can regulate the function of regulatory T cells (Treg), as well as cytotoxicity T cells (CTL) and natural killer cells (NK). Although the effect of hGal-9 on lymphocytes has been well studied, the relationship between hGal-9 and myeloid cells has been scarcely studied. METHODS To confirm the decreased cytotoxic activity effect by hGal-9 in M1-differentiated THP-1 cells, we established the hGal-9 expressing transgenic porcine cell line. hGal-9 siRNA was transfected to transgenic cells and recombinant hGal-9 (rhGal-9) was treated to co-culturing condition, and then, flow cytometry assay was conducted for analyzing the cytotoxic activity of M1-differentiated THP-1 cells. Related inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, and TGF-β) and related enzymes (iNOS and Arginase 1) were analyzed by qPCR and Western blot assay. To identify the shift in M1/M2-differentiated THP-1 cells, expression levels of CCR7, CD163, iNOS, and Arginase 1 and population of M2 marker positive cells were analyzed. RESULTS The expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in M1-differentiated THP-1 cells co-cultured with hGal-9-expressing porcine kidney epithelial cells were decreased, but not in co-cultured THP-1 cells. However, the expression levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines were also increased in co-cultured M1-differentiated THP-1 cells. The cytotoxicity effect of M1-differentiated THP-1 cells on transgenic cells was decreased while the expression levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and M2 macrophages-related molecules were increased. M2 differentiation program was turned on while M1 program was turned down by enhancing the phosphorylation levels of Akt and PI3K and the expression level of PPAR-γ. Due to these changes, differentiation of M2 program was enhanced in cells co-cultured with hGal-9. CONCLUSIONS These data suggested that hGal-9 has a reduction in M1-differentiated THP-1 cell cytotoxic activity-related acute immune rejection in pig-to-human xenotransplantation in addition to its role in lymphoid lineage immune cell regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Han Jung
- Department of Animal Science, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Hwang
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kyu Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Chang Park
- Department of Animal Science, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Taek Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jung SH, Hwang JH, Kim SE, Young Kyu K, Park HC, Lee HT. The potentiating effect of hTFPI in the presence of hCD47 reduces the cytotoxicity of human macrophages. Xenotransplantation 2017; 24. [PMID: 28393401 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In pig-to-human xenotransplantation, hyperacute rejection of pig organs could be overcome by the production of α1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout pigs. However, macrophage-mediated acute rejection is another obstacle that needs to be overcome. Among the various candidate genes involved in acute rejection, CD47 inhibits monocyte/macrophage-mediated phagocytosis by identifying the CD47 signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRP-α) as self/non-self. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is involved in the regulation of the coagulation pathway and is able to bind to another ligand of CD47, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1). When TSP-1 binds to CD47, phagocytosis in macrophages is increased. METHODS The 2A peptide system was used to establish pig kidney cells (PK15) simultaneously expressing human CD47 and human TFPI, and they were cultured with activated THP-1 cells. After staining with 7-aminoactinomycin D, flow cytometry analysis was carried out. TFPI siRNA analysis and recombinant human TFPI (rhTFPI) treatment were performed to determine the potentiating effect of TFPI on pig cells for activated THP-1 cells in the presence of CD47. Related inflammatory cytokines produced by activated THP-1 cells were analyzed using qPCR and Western blot technique. In addition, the tyrosine phosphorylation level of SIRP-α in activated THP-1 cells was analyzed using immunoprecipitation and Western blot. RESULTS hCD47/hTFPI-PK15 cells survived better than hCD47-PK15, hTFPI-PK15, or normal PK15 cells on cytotoxicity tests using activated THP-1 cells. TSP-1, derived from these activated THP-1 cells, served as a mediator for this enhancing effect, and it also played a role in activated adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The tyrosine phosphorylation level of SIRP-α in activated THP-1 cells was further increased in the case of co-expression of CD47/TFPI than in individual non-expression or expression of CD47 or TFPI alone. CONCLUSIONS When hCD47 was expressed, the expression of hTFPI leaded to tyrosine phosphorylation of SIRP-α in activated THP-1 cells via hTSP-1 inhibition, and consequently, it might improve the effect of hCD47-SIRP-a signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Han Jung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Hwang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kim Young Kyu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Chang Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Taek Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Al-Jaderi Z, Maghazachi AA. Vitamin D₃ and monomethyl fumarate enhance natural killer cell lysis of dendritic cells and ameliorate the clinical score in mice suffering from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:4730-44. [PMID: 26580651 PMCID: PMC4663530 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7114730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a CD4+ T cell mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease that is induced in mice by administration of peptides derived from myelin proteins. We developed EAE in SJL mice by administration of PLP139–151 peptide. The effect of treating these mice with 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D3), or with monomethyl fumarate (MMF) was then examined. We observed that both vitamin D3 and MMF inhibited and/or prevented EAE in these mice. These findings were corroborated with isolating natural killer (NK) cells from vitamin D3-treated or MMF-treated EAE mice that lysed immature or mature dendritic cells. The results support and extend other findings indicating that an important mechanism of action for drugs used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) is to enhance NK cell lysis of dendritic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaidoon Al-Jaderi
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, POB 1103, Oslo N-0317, Norway.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Andersen RK, Hammer K, Hager H, Christensen JN, Ludvigsen M, Honoré B, Thomsen MBH, Madsen M. Melanoma tumors frequently acquire LRP2/megalin expression, which modulates melanoma cell proliferation and survival rates. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2015; 28:267-80. [PMID: 25585665 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We show that the multiligand receptor megalin, known to mediate uptake and trafficking of nutrients and signaling molecules, is frequently expressed in malignant melanoma samples. Expression of megalin-encoding mRNA was investigated in 65 samples of nevi, melanomas, and melanoma metastases and was observed in more than 60% of the malignant samples, while only in 20% of the benign counterparts. Megalin expression in nevus and melanoma samples was additionally investigated by immunohistochemistry, which confirmed our mRNA-based observations. We furthermore show that a panel of tumor-derived melanoma cell lines express LRP2/megalin endogenously. In these cells, megalin is internalized from the cell surface and localizes extensively to intracellular vesicles, confirming receptor activity and pointing toward association with the endocytic apparatus. Groundbreaking, our results indicate that sustained megalin expression in melanoma cells is crucial for cell maintenance, as siRNA-mediated reduction in melanoma cell expression of LRP2/megalin significantly decreases melanoma cell proliferation and survival rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rikke K Andersen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wennerberg E, Kremer V, Childs R, Lundqvist A. CXCL10-induced migration of adoptively transferred human natural killer cells toward solid tumors causes regression of tumor growth in vivo. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:225-35. [PMID: 25344904 PMCID: PMC11028951 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive infusion of natural killer (NK) cells is being increasingly explored as a therapy in patients with cancer, although clinical responses are thus far limited to patients with hematological malignancies. Inadequate homing of infused NK cells to the tumor site represents a key factor that may explain the poor anti-tumor effect of NK cell therapy against solid tumors. One of the major players in the regulation of lymphocyte chemotaxis is the chemokine receptor chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3 (CXCR3) which is expressed on activated NK cells and induces NK cell migration toward gradients of the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL9, 10 and 11). Here, we show that ex vivo expansion of human NK cells results in a tenfold increased expression of the CXCR3 receptor compared with resting NK cells (p = 0.04). Consequently, these NK cells displayed an improved migratory capacity toward solid tumors, which was dependent on tumor-derived CXCL10. In xenograft models, adoptively transferred NK cells showed increased migration toward CXCL10-transfected melanoma tumors compared with CXCL10-negative wild-type tumors, resulting in significantly reduced tumor burden and increased survival (median survival 41 vs. 32 days, p = 0.03). Furthermore, administration of interferon-gamma locally in the tumor stimulated the production of CXCL10 in subcutaneous melanoma tumors resulting in increased infiltration of adoptively transferred CXCR3-positive expanded NK cells. Our findings demonstrate the importance of CXCL10-induced chemoattraction in the anti-tumor response of adoptively transferred expanded NK cells against solid melanoma tumors.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Chemokine CXCL10/immunology
- Chemokine CXCL10/metabolism
- Chemokines, CXC/immunology
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Interferon-gamma/administration & dosage
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/mortality
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Receptors, CXCR3/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Tumor Burden/immunology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Wennerberg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, R8:01, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veronika Kremer
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, R8:01, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard Childs
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Andreas Lundqvist
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, R8:01, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cappello F, Marino Gammazza A, Palumbo Piccionello A, Campanella C, Pace A, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJL. Hsp60 chaperonopathies and chaperonotherapy: targets and agents. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 18:185-208. [PMID: 24286280 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.856417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hsp60 (Cpn60) assembles into a tetradecamer that interacts with the co-chaperonin Hsp10 (Cpn10) to assist client polypeptides to fold, but it also has other roles, including participation in pathogenic mechanisms. AREA COVERED Hsp60 chaperonopathies are pathological conditions, inherited or acquired, in which the chaperone plays a determinant etiologic-pathogenic role. These diseases justify selection of Hsp60 as a target for developing agents that interfere with its pathogenic effects. We provide information on how to proceed. EXPERT OPINION The information available encourages the development of ways to improve Hsp60 activity (positive chaperonotherapy) when deficient or to block it (negative chaperonotherapy) when pathogenic. Many questions are still unanswered and obstacles are obvious. More information is needed to establish when and why autologous Hsp60 becomes a pathogenic autoantigen, or induces cytokine formation and inflammation, or favors carcinogenesis. Clarification of these points will take considerable time. However, analysis of the Hsp60 molecule and a search for active compounds aimed at structural sites that will affect its functioning should continue without interruption. No doubt that some of these compounds will offer therapeutic hopes and will also be instrumental for dissecting structure-function relationships at the biochemical and biological (using animal models and cultured cells) levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cappello
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST) , Palermo , Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Al-Jaderi Z, Maghazachi AA. Effects of vitamin D3, calcipotriol and FTY720 on the expression of surface molecules and cytolytic activities of human natural killer cells and dendritic cells. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 5:1932-47. [PMID: 24169587 PMCID: PMC3847708 DOI: 10.3390/toxins5111932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe here the effects of three drugs that are either approved or have the potential for treating multiple sclerosis (MS) patients through the in vitro activities of human natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DCs). Our results indicate that 1,25(OH)2D3, the biologically active metabolite vitamin D3, calcipotriol and FTY720 augment IL-2-activated NK cell lysis of K562 and RAJI tumor cell lines as well as immature (i) and mature (m) DCs, with variable efficacies. These results are corroborated with the ability of the drugs to up-regulate the expression of NK cytotoxicity receptors NKp30 and NKp44, as well as NKG2D on the surfaces of NK cells. Also, they down-regulate the expression of the killer inhibitory receptor CD158. The three drugs down-regulate the expression of CCR6 on the surface of iDCs, whereas vitamin D3 and calcipotriol tend to up-regulate the expression of CCR7 on mDCs, suggesting that they may influence the migration of DCs into the lymph nodes. Finally, vitamin D3, calcipotriol and FTY720 enhance NK17/NK1 cell lysis of K562 cells, suggesting that a possible mechanism of action for these drugs is via activating these newly described cells. In conclusion, our results show novel mechanisms of action for vitamin D3, calcipotriol and FTY720 on cells of the innate immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaidoon Al-Jaderi
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, POB 1103, Oslo N-0317, Norway.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Min D, Lv XB, Wang X, Zhang B, Meng W, Yu F, Hu H. Downregulation of miR-302c and miR-520c by 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment enhances the susceptibility of tumour cells to natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:723-30. [PMID: 23820258 PMCID: PMC3738147 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: NKG2D recognises several ligands, including polymorphic major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related chain-related proteins A and B (MICA/B) and unique long 16-binding proteins (ULBPs). These ligands are present on cancer cells and are recognised by NKG2D in a cell-structure-sensing manner, triggering natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity. However, the mechanisms that control the expression of NKG2D ligands in malignant cells are poorly understood. 1-α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) was recently shown to enhance the susceptibility of melanoma cells to the cytotoxicity of NK cells. However, the function of 1,25(OH)2D3 in other cancers and its potential mechanisms of action remain unknown. Methods: The expression levels of miR-302c and miR-520c in Kasumi-1, K562, MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR. The targets of miR-302c and miR-520c were confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. The killing effects of NK92 cells against Kasumi-1, K562, MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were examined using the CytoTox 96 Non-Radioactive Cytotoxicity Assay. The levels of cytokines IFN-γ and granzyme B, which indicate the activation of NK cells, were also measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 enhanced the susceptibility of both the haematological tumour cell line Kasumi-1 and solid tumour cell line MDA-MB-231 to NK92 cells. miR-302c and miR-520c expression was induced, and their levels inversely correlated with the levels of NKG2D ligands MICA/B and ULBP2 upon 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. A luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-302c and miR-520c directly targeted the 3′-UTRs of MICA/B and ULBP2 and negatively regulated the expression of MIA/B and ULBP2. Moreover, upregulation of miR-302c or miR-520c by transfection of their mimics remarkably reduced the viability of Kasumi-1 cells upon NK cell co-incubation. By contrast, the suppression of the activity of miR-302c or miR-520c by their respective antisense oligonucleotides improved the resistance of Kasumi-1 cells to NK cells. Conclusion: 1,25(OH)2D3 facilitates the immuno-attack of NK cells against malignant cells partly through downregulation of miR-302c and miR-520c and hence upregulation of the NKG2D ligands MICA/B and ULBP2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Min
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Henderson B, Fares MA, Lund PA. Chaperonin 60: a paradoxical, evolutionarily conserved protein family with multiple moonlighting functions. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2013; 88:955-87. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Henderson
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL-Eastman Dental Institute; University College London; London WC1X 8LD U.K
| | - Mario A. Fares
- Department of Genetics; University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin; Dublin 2 Ireland
- Department of Abiotic Stress; Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC-UPV); Valencia 46022 Spain
| | - Peter A. Lund
- School of Biosciences; University of Birmingham; Birmingham B15 2TT U.K
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kitson MT, Roberts SK. D-livering the message: the importance of vitamin D status in chronic liver disease. J Hepatol 2012; 57:897-909. [PMID: 22634121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is synthesized predominantly in the liver and functions as an important secosteroid hormone with pleiotropic effects. While its key regulatory role in calcium and bone homeostasis is well established, recently there is increasing recognition that vitamin D also regulates cell proliferation and differentiation, and has immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties. These non-skeletal effects are relevant in the pathogenesis and treatment of many causes of chronic liver disease. Vitamin D deficiency is frequently present in chronic liver disease and may predict non-response to antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis C. Small studies suggest that vitamin D supplementation improves sustained viral response rates, while 1α-hydroxylase polymorphisms and vitamin D-binding protein are also implicated in therapeutic outcomes. Vitamin D deficiency also closely relates to the severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and is implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, a key factor in the development of NAFLD. In preclinical studies, phototherapy and vitamin D supplementation ameliorate NAFLD histopathology, while vitamin D is a powerful anti-fibrotic against thioacetamide liver injury. In liver transplant recipients severe vitamin D deficiency predicts, and vitamin D supplementation prevents, acute cellular rejection. The role of vitamin D in the activation and regulation of both innate and adaptive immune systems may explain its importance in the above liver diseases. Further prospective studies are therefore warranted to investigate the therapeutic impact of vitamin D supplementation in chronic liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Kitson
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Balsamo M, Vermi W, Parodi M, Pietra G, Manzini C, Queirolo P, Lonardi S, Augugliaro R, Moretta A, Facchetti F, Moretta L, Mingari MC, Vitale M. Melanoma cells become resistant to NK-cell-mediated killing when exposed to NK-cell numbers compatible with NK-cell infiltration in the tumor. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:1833-42. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201142179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - William Vermi
- Servizio di Anatomia Patologica; Spedali Civili di Brescia; Brescia; Italy
| | - Monica Parodi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale; Università di Genova; Genova; Italy
| | - Gabriella Pietra
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale; Università di Genova; Genova; Italy
| | - Claudia Manzini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale; Università di Genova; Genova; Italy
| | - Paola Queirolo
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST; Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro; Genova; Italy
| | - Silvia Lonardi
- Servizio di Anatomia Patologica; Spedali Civili di Brescia; Brescia; Italy
| | - Raffaella Augugliaro
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST; Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro; Genova; Italy
| | | | - Fabio Facchetti
- Servizio di Anatomia Patologica; Spedali Civili di Brescia; Brescia; Italy
| | | | | | - Massimo Vitale
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST; Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro; Genova; Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Vitamin D system is a complex pathway that includes precursors, active metabolites, enzymes, and receptors. This complex system actives several molecular pathways and mediates a multitude of functions. In addition to the classical role in calcium and bone homeostasis, vitamin D plays "non-calcemic" effects in host defense, inflammation, immunity, and cancer processes as recognized in vitro and in vivo studies. The aim of this review is to highlight the relationship between vitamin D and cancer, summarizing several mechanisms proposed to explain the potential protective effect of vitamin D against the development and progression of cancer. Vitamin D acts like a transcription factor that influences central mechanisms of tumorigenesis: growth, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. In addition to cellular and molecular studies, epidemiological surveys have shown that sunlight exposure and consequent increased circulating levels of vitamin D are associated with reduced reduced occurrence and a reduced mortality in different histological types of cancer. Another recent field of interest concerns polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor (VDR); in this context, preliminary data suggest that VDR polymorphisms more frequently associated with tumorigenesis are Fok1, Bsm1, Taq1, Apa1, EcoRV, Cdx2; although further studies are needed to clarify their role in the cancer. In this review, the relationship between vitamin D and cancer is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vuolo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, "Federico II" University of Naples Naples, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Thornthwaite JT, Shah H, Shah P, Respess H. The Natural Killer Cell: A Historical Perspective and the Use of Supplements to Enhance NKC Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/jibtva.2012.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|