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Parker J, Marten SM, Ó Corcora TC, Rajkov J, Dubin A, Roth O. The effects of primary and secondary bacterial exposure on the seahorse (Hippocampus erectus) immune response. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 153:105136. [PMID: 38185263 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Evolutionary adaptations in the Syngnathidae teleost family (seahorses, pipefish and seadragons) culminated in an array of spectacular morphologies, key immune gene losses, and the enigmatic male pregnancy. In seahorses, genome modifications associated with immunoglobulins, complement, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC II) pathway components raise questions concerning their immunological efficiency and the evolution of compensatory measures that may act in their place. In this investigation heat-killed bacteria (Vibrio aestuarianus and Tenacibaculum maritimum) were used in a two-phased experiment to assess the immune response dynamics of Hippocampus erectus. Gill transcriptomes from double and single-exposed individuals were analysed in order to determine the differentially expressed genes contributing to immune system responses towards immune priming. Double-exposed individuals exhibited a greater adaptive immune response when compared with single-exposed individuals, while single-exposed individuals, particularly with V. aestuarianus replicates, associated more with the innate branch of the immune system. T. maritimum double-exposed replicates exhibited the strongest immune reaction, likely due to their immunological naivety towards the bacterium, while there are also potential signs of innate trained immunity. MHC II upregulated expression was identified in selected V. aestuarianus-exposed seahorses, in the absence of other pathway constituents suggesting a possible alternative or non-classical MHC II immune function in seahorses. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis highlighted prominent angiogenesis activity following secondary exposure, which could be linked to an adaptive immune process in seahorses. This investigation highlights the prominent role of T-cell mediated adaptive immune responses in seahorses when exposed to sequential foreign bacteria exposures. If classical MHC II pathway function has been lost, innate trained immunity in syngnathids could be a potential compensatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Parker
- Marine Evolutionary Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, D-24118, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Silke-Mareike Marten
- Marine Evolutionary Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, D-24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tadhg C Ó Corcora
- Marine Evolutionary Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jelena Rajkov
- Marine Evolutionary Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Arseny Dubin
- Marine Evolutionary Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, D-24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Olivia Roth
- Marine Evolutionary Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, D-24118, Kiel, Germany
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2
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Dai Q, Shi R, Zhang G, Wang Y, Ye L, Peng L, Guo S, He J, Yang H, Jiang Y. miR-539-5p targets BMP2 to regulate Treg activation in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia through TGF-β/Smads/MAPK. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2024; 249:10111. [PMID: 38510491 PMCID: PMC10954254 DOI: 10.3389/ebm.2024.10111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (mRNAs) were believed to play an important role in cancers, and this study aimed to explore the mechanism of miRNA regulating Treg in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Firstly, the differentially expressed miRNAs and target genes significantly associated with Tregs were screened out by high-throughput sequencing, and their enrichment pathways were analyzed. The binding relationship between miRNA and target genes was further verified, and the effects of miRNA on the proliferation and apoptosis of B-ALL Nalm-6 cells and Treg activation were analyzed. Results showed that differentially expressed miR-539-5p was significantly under-expressed, and its target gene BMP2 was significantly over-expressed in B-ALL, and significantly enriched in the TGF-β1 pathway. In addition, both miR-539-5p and BMP2 were significantly correlated with Treg activity in B-ALL. In vitro experiments further confirmed that miR-539-5p could directly target BMP2. The low expression of miR-539-5p in B-ALL significantly promoted BMP2 expression to promote the proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of Nalm-6 cells. Furthermore, the high expression of BMP2 in B-ALL could cooperate with TGF-β1 to promote the activation of human CD4+CD25-T cells to Treg, and significantly activate the TGF-β/Smads/MAPK pathway. In vivo experiments also confirmed that overexpression of miR-539-5p significantly inhibited BMP2 to suppress Treg activation and Smad1 and Smad2 phosphorylation, and finally inhibit the B-ALL process. In conclusion, miR-539-5p was significantly under-expressed in B-ALL and could target BMP2 to promote its expression, and the overexpressed BMP2 further promoted Treg activation in B-ALL by regulating TGF-β/Smads/MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingkai Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecological and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecological and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecological and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuefang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecological and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecological and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Luyun Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecological and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Siqi Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecological and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiajing He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecological and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecological and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongmei Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecological and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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3
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Wang J, Zhao X, Wan YY. Intricacies of TGF-β signaling in Treg and Th17 cell biology. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1002-1022. [PMID: 37217798 PMCID: PMC10468540 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Balanced immunity is pivotal for health and homeostasis. CD4+ helper T (Th) cells are central to the balance between immune tolerance and immune rejection. Th cells adopt distinct functions to maintain tolerance and clear pathogens. Dysregulation of Th cell function often leads to maladies, including autoimmunity, inflammatory disease, cancer, and infection. Regulatory T (Treg) and Th17 cells are critical Th cell types involved in immune tolerance, homeostasis, pathogenicity, and pathogen clearance. It is therefore critical to understand how Treg and Th17 cells are regulated in health and disease. Cytokines are instrumental in directing Treg and Th17 cell function. The evolutionarily conserved TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) cytokine superfamily is of particular interest because it is central to the biology of both Treg cells that are predominantly immunosuppressive and Th17 cells that can be proinflammatory, pathogenic, and immune regulatory. How TGF-β superfamily members and their intricate signaling pathways regulate Treg and Th17 cell function is a question that has been intensely investigated for two decades. Here, we introduce the fundamental biology of TGF-β superfamily signaling, Treg cells, and Th17 cells and discuss in detail how the TGF-β superfamily contributes to Treg and Th17 cell biology through complex yet ordered and cooperative signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Xingqi Zhao
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yisong Y Wan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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McColl LF, Chen X, Solga MD, Schlegel K, Haughey SP, Lobo PI, Fread K, Zunder E, Cha R, Park S, Christophel JJ, Cui Q, Dighe AS. BMP-6 promotes type 2 immune response during enhancement of rat mandibular bone defect healing. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1064238. [PMID: 36845161 PMCID: PMC9950738 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1064238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are used as key therapeutic agents for the treatment of difficult fractures. While their effects on osteoprogenitors are known, little is known about their effects on the immune system. Methods We used permutations of BMP-6 (B), vascular endothelial growth factor (V), and Hedgehog signaling pathway activator smoothened agonist (S), to treat a rat mandibular defect and investigated healing outcomes at week 8, in correlation with the cellular landscape of the immune cells in the fracture callus at week 2. Results Maximum recruitment of immune cells to the fracture callus is known to occur at week 2. While the control, S, V, and VS groups remained as nonunions at week 8; all BMP-6 containing groups - B, BV, BS and BVS, showed near-complete to complete healing. This healing pattern was strongly associated with significantly higher ratios of CD4 T (CD45+CD3+CD4+) to putative CD8 T cells (CD45+CD3+CD4-), in groups treated with any permutation of BMP-6. Although, the numbers of putative M1 macrophages (CD45+CD3-CD11b/c+CD38high) were significantly lower in BMP-6 containing groups in comparison with S and VS groups, percentages of putative - Th1 cells or M1 macrophages (CD45+CD4+IFN-γ+) and putative - NK, NKT or cytotoxic CD8T cells (CD45+CD4-IFN-γ+) were similar in control and all treatment groups. Further interrogation revealed that the BMP-6 treatment promoted type 2 immune response by significantly increasing the numbers of CD45+CD3-CD11b/c+CD38low putative M2 macrophages, putative - Th2 cells or M2 macrophages (CD45+CD4+IL-4+) cells and putative - mast cells, eosinophils or basophils (CD45+CD4-IL-4+ cells). CD45- non-haematopoietic fractions of cells which encompass all known osteoprogenitor stem cells populations, were similar in control and treatment groups. Discussion This study uncovers previously unidentified regulatory functions of BMP-6 and shows that BMP-6 enhances fracture healing by not only acting on osteoprogenitor stem cells but also by promoting type 2 immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan F. McColl
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Xizhao Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Michael D. Solga
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Kailo Schlegel
- Department of Nephrology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Sean P. Haughey
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Peter I. Lobo
- Department of Nephrology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Kristen Fread
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Eli Zunder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Ryan Cha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Stephen Park
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - J. Jared Christophel
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Quanjun Cui
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Abhijit S. Dighe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States,*Correspondence: Abhijit S. Dighe,
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Duesman SJ, Ortega-Francisco S, Olguin-Alor R, Acevedo-Dominguez NA, Sestero CM, Chellappan R, De Sarno P, Yusuf N, Salgado-Lopez A, Segundo-Liberato M, de Oca-Lagunas SM, Raman C, Soldevila G. Transforming growth factor receptor III (Betaglycan) regulates the generation of pathogenic Th17 cells in EAE. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1088039. [PMID: 36855628 PMCID: PMC9968395 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1088039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor receptor III (TβRIII) is commonly recognized as a co-receptor that promotes the binding of TGFβ family ligands to type I and type II receptors. Within the immune system, TβRIII regulates T cell development in the thymus and is differentially expressed through activation; however, its function in mature T cells is unclear. To begin addressing this question, we developed a conditional knock-out mouse with restricted TβRIII deletion in mature T cells, necessary because genomic deletion of TβRIII results in perinatal mortality. We determined that TβRIII null mice developed more severe autoimmune central nervous neuroinflammatory disease after immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte peptide (MOG35-55) than wild-type littermates. The increase in disease severity in TβRIII null mice was associated with expanded numbers of CNS infiltrating IFNγ+ CD4+ T cells and cells that co-express both IFNγ and IL-17 (IFNγ+/IL-17+), but not IL-17 alone expressing CD4 T cells compared to Tgfbr3fl/fl wild-type controls. This led us to speculate that TβRIII may be involved in regulating conversion of encephalitogenic Th17 to Th1. To directly address this, we generated encephalitogenic Th17 and Th1 cells from wild type and TβRIII null mice for passive transfer of EAE into naïve mice. Remarkably, Th17 encephalitogenic T cells from TβRIII null induced EAE of much greater severity and earlier in onset than those from wild-type mice. The severity of EAE induced by encephalitogenic wild-type and Tgfbr3fl/fl.dLcKCre Th1 cells were similar. Moreover, in vitro restimulation of in vivo primed Tgfbr3fl/fl.dLcKCre T cells, under Th17 but not Th1 polarizing conditions, resulted in a significant increase of IFNγ+ T cells. Altogether, our data indicate that TβRIII is a coreceptor that functions as a key checkpoint in controlling the pathogenicity of autoreactive T cells in neuroinflammation probably through regulating plasticity of Th17 T cells into pathogenic Th1 cells. Importantly, this is the first demonstration that TβRIII has an intrinsic role in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Duesman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sandra Ortega-Francisco
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.,National Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roxana Olguin-Alor
- National Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Naray A Acevedo-Dominguez
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Christine M Sestero
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Montevallo, Montevello, AL, United States
| | - Rajeshwari Chellappan
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Patrizia De Sarno
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Nabiha Yusuf
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Adrian Salgado-Lopez
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marisol Segundo-Liberato
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.,National Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Selina Montes de Oca-Lagunas
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Chander Raman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Gloria Soldevila
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.,National Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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Ganjoo S, Puebla-Osorio N, Nanez S, Hsu E, Voss T, Barsoumian H, Duong LK, Welsh JW, Cortez MA. Bone morphogenetic proteins, activins, and growth and differentiation factors in tumor immunology and immunotherapy resistance. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1033642. [PMID: 36353620 PMCID: PMC9638036 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The TGF-β superfamily is a group of secreted polypeptides with key roles in exerting and regulating a variety of physiologic effects, especially those related to cell signaling, growth, development, and differentiation. Although its central member, TGF-β, has been extensively reviewed, other members of the family-namely bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), activins, and growth and differentiation factors (GDFs)-have not been as thoroughly investigated. Moreover, although the specific roles of TGF-β signaling in cancer immunology and immunotherapy resistance have been extensively reported, little is known of the roles of BMPs, activins, and GDFs in these domains. This review focuses on how these superfamily members influence key immune cells in cancer progression and resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Angelica Cortez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family includes cytokines controlling cell behavior, differentiation and homeostasis of various tissues including components of the immune system. Despite well recognized importance of TGF-β in controlling T cell functions, the immunomodulatory roles of many other members of the TGF-β cytokine family, especially bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), start to emerge. Bone Morphogenic Protein Receptor 1α (BMPR1α) is upregulated by activated effector and Foxp3+ regulatory CD4+ T cells (Treg cells) and modulates functions of both of these cell types. BMPR1α inhibits generation of proinflammatory Th17 cells and sustains peripheral Treg cells. This finding underscores the importance of the BMPs in controlling Treg cell plasticity and transition between Treg and Th cells. BMPR1α deficiency in in vitro induced and peripheral Treg cells led to upregulation of Kdm6b (Jmjd3) demethylase, an antagonist of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), and cell cycle inhibitor Cdkn1a (p21Cip1) promoting cell senescence. This indicates that BMPs and BMPR1α may represent regulatory modules shaping epigenetic landscape and controlling proinflammatory reprogramming of Th and Treg cells. Revealing functions of other BMP receptors and their crosstalk with receptors for TGF-β will contribute to our understanding of peripheral immunoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
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8
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Distinct CholinomiR Blood Cell Signature as a Potential Modulator of the Cholinergic System in Women with Fibromyalgia Syndrome. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081276. [PMID: 35455956 PMCID: PMC9031252 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a heterogeneous chronic pain syndrome characterized by musculoskeletal pain and other key co-morbidities including fatigue and a depressed mood. FMS involves altered functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system (CNS, PNS) and immune system, but the specific molecular pathophysiology remains unclear. Anti-cholinergic treatment is effective in FMS patient subgroups, and cholinergic signaling is a strong modulator of CNS and PNS immune processes. Therefore, we used whole blood small RNA-sequencing of female FMS patients and healthy controls to profile microRNA regulators of cholinergic transcripts (CholinomiRs). We compared microRNA profiles with those from Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients with pain as disease controls. We validated the sequencing results with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and identified cholinergic targets. Further, we measured serum cholinesterase activity in FMS patients and healthy controls. Small RNA-sequencing revealed FMS-specific changes in 19 CholinomiRs compared to healthy controls and PD patients. qRT-PCR validated miR-182-5p upregulation, distinguishing FMS patients from healthy controls. mRNA targets of CholinomiRs bone morphogenic protein receptor 2 and interleukin 6 signal transducer were downregulated. Serum acetylcholinesterase levels and cholinesterase activity in FMS patients were unchanged. Our findings identified an FMS-specific CholinomiR signature in whole blood, modulating immune-related gene expression.
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Sconocchia T, Sconocchia G. Regulation of the Immune System in Health and Disease by Members of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Family. Front Immunol 2021; 12:802346. [PMID: 34925388 PMCID: PMC8674571 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.802346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are potent signaling molecules initially described as osteopromoting proteins. BMPs represent one of the members of the larger TGFβ family and today are recognized for their important role in numerous processes. Among the wide array of functions recently attributed to them, BMPs were also described to be involved in the regulation of components of the innate and adaptive immune response. This review focuses on the signaling pathway of BMPs and highlights the effects of BMP signaling on the differentiation, activation, and function of the main cell types of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Sconocchia
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
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10
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Gender-Related Differences in BMP Expression and Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis within Joint-Hippocampal Axis in a Rat Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212163. [PMID: 34830044 PMCID: PMC8620092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BMPs regulate synovial quiescence and adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus in non-stress conditions. However, changes in BMP expression that are induced by inflammation during rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have not yet been reported. Here, we show that signalling with synovial BMPs (BMP-4 and -7) mediates the effect of systemic inflammation on adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus during pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) in Dark Agouti (DA) rats, an animal model of RA. Moreover, we show gender differences in BMP expressions and their antagonists (Noggin and Gremlin) during PIA and their correlations with the clinical course and IL-17A and TNF-α levels in serum. Our results indicate gender differences in the clinical course, where male rats showed earlier onset and earlier recovery but a worse clinical course in the first two phases of the disease (onset and peak), which correlates with the initial increase of serum IL-17A level. The clinical course of the female rats worsened in remission. Their prolonged symptoms could be a reflection of an increased TNF-α level in serum during remission. Synovial inflammation was greater in females in PIA-remission with greater synovial BMP and antagonist expressions. More significant correlations between serum cytokines (IL-17A and TNF-α), and synovial BMPs and their antagonists were found in females than in males. On the other hand, males showed an increase in hippocampal BMP-4 expression during the acute phase, but both genders showed a decrease in antagonist expressions during PIA in general. Both genders showed a decrease in the number of Ki-67+ and SOX-2+ and DCX+ cells and in the ratio of DCX+ to Ki67+ cells in the dentate gyrus during PIA. However, in PIA remission, females showed a faster increase in the number of Ki67+, SOX-2+, and DCX+ cells and a faster increase in the DCX/Ki67 ratio than males. Both genders showed an increase of hippocampal BMP-7 expression during remission, although males constantly showed greater BMP-7 expression at all time points. Our data show that gender differences exist in the BMP expressions in the periphery-hippocampus axis and in the IL-17A and TNF-α levels in serum, which could imply differences in the mechanisms for the onset and progression of the disease, the clinical course severity, and adult neurogenesis with subsequent neurological complications between genders.
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11
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Browning LM, Miller C, Kuczma M, Pietrzak M, Jing Y, Rempala G, Muranski P, Ignatowicz L, Kraj P. Bone Morphogenic Proteins Are Immunoregulatory Cytokines Controlling FOXP3 + T reg Cells. Cell Rep 2021; 33:108219. [PMID: 33027660 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) cytokine family promoting differentiation, homeostasis, and self-renewal of multiple tissues. We show that signaling through the bone morphogenic protein receptor 1α (BMPR1α) sustains expression of FOXP3 in Treg cells in peripheral lymphoid tissues. BMPR1α signaling promotes molecular circuits supporting acquisition and preservation of Treg cell phenotype and inhibiting differentiation of pro-inflammatory effector Th1/Th17 CD4+ T cell. Mechanistically, increased expression of KDM6B (JMJD3) histone demethylase, an antagonist of the polycomb repressive complex 2, underlies lineage-specific changes of T cell phenotypes associated with abrogation of BMPR1α signaling. These results reveal that BMPs are immunoregulatory cytokines mediating maturation and stability of peripheral FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and controlling generation of iTreg cells. Thus, we establish that BMPs, a large cytokine family, are an essential link between stromal tissues and the adaptive immune system involved in sustaining tissue homeostasis by promoting immunological tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Browning
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Caroline Miller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Michal Kuczma
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Maciej Pietrzak
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yu Jing
- Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Grzegorz Rempala
- College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Pawel Muranski
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Leszek Ignatowicz
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Piotr Kraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
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12
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Petersen MA, Tognatta R, Meyer-Franke A, Bushong EA, Mendiola AS, Yan Z, Muthusamy A, Merlini M, Meza-Acevedo R, Cabriga B, Zhou Y, Thomas R, Ryu JK, Lassmann H, Ellisman MH, Akassoglou K. BMP receptor blockade overcomes extrinsic inhibition of remyelination and restores neurovascular homeostasis. Brain 2021; 144:2291-2301. [PMID: 34426831 PMCID: PMC8418337 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Extrinsic inhibitors at sites of blood–brain barrier disruption and neurovascular damage contribute to remyelination failure in neurological diseases. However, therapies to overcome the extrinsic inhibition of remyelination are not widely available and the dynamics of glial progenitor niche remodelling at sites of neurovascular dysfunction are largely unknown. By integrating in vivo two-photon imaging co-registered with electron microscopy and transcriptomics in chronic neuroinflammatory lesions, we found that oligodendrocyte precursor cells clustered perivascularly at sites of limited remyelination with deposition of fibrinogen, a blood coagulation factor abundantly deposited in multiple sclerosis lesions. By developing a screen (OPC-X-screen) to identify compounds that promote remyelination in the presence of extrinsic inhibitors, we showed that known promyelinating drugs did not rescue the extrinsic inhibition of remyelination by fibrinogen. In contrast, bone morphogenetic protein type I receptor blockade rescued the inhibitory fibrinogen effects and restored a promyelinating progenitor niche by promoting myelinating oligodendrocytes, while suppressing astrocyte cell fate, with potent therapeutic effects in chronic models of multiple sclerosis. Thus, abortive oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation by fibrinogen is refractory to known promyelinating compounds, suggesting that blockade of the bone morphogenetic protein signalling pathway may enhance remyelinating efficacy by overcoming extrinsic inhibition in neuroinflammatory lesions with vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Petersen
- Gladstone UCSF Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Gladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Reshmi Tognatta
- Gladstone UCSF Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Gladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Anke Meyer-Franke
- Gladstone UCSF Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Gladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Eric A Bushong
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Center for Research on Biological Systems, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrew S Mendiola
- Gladstone UCSF Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Gladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Zhaoqi Yan
- Gladstone UCSF Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Gladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Abinaya Muthusamy
- Gladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mario Merlini
- Gladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Rosa Meza-Acevedo
- Gladstone UCSF Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Gladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Belinda Cabriga
- Gladstone UCSF Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Gladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yungui Zhou
- Gladstone UCSF Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Gladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Reuben Thomas
- Gladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jae Kyu Ryu
- Gladstone UCSF Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Gladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Hans Lassmann
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark H Ellisman
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Center for Research on Biological Systems, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Katerina Akassoglou
- Gladstone UCSF Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Gladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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13
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Huang F, Hu L, Zhang Y, Qu X, Xu J. BMP4 Moderates Glycolysis and Regulates Activation and Interferon-Gamma Production in CD4+ T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702211. [PMID: 34413854 PMCID: PMC8368433 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BMP4 is a key growth factor well known in promoting bone regeneration and has been reported to be able to regulate T cell development in the thymus. Here, we showed that BMP4 downregulates the activation of naïve CD4+ T cells and the IFN-γ production of CD4+ T cells without increasing regulatory T cells. BMP4 could also moderate glycolysis of T cells and regulate Hif1α expression. Furthermore, BMP4 showed a suppressive function on the IFN-γ production of CD4+ T cells in vivo. These findings indicating a mechanism by which BMP-4 may regulate activation and IFN-γ production in CD4+ T cells via metabolism moderation and suggests that BMP4 may be a potential therapeutic supplement in autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanmin Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingmin Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junji Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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14
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Mausner-Fainberg K, Benhamou M, Golan M, Kimelman NB, Danon U, Marom E, Karni A. Specific Blockade of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2/4 Induces Oligodendrogenesis and Remyelination in Demyelinating Disorders. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1798-1814. [PMID: 34159538 PMCID: PMC8608985 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are present in demyelinated lesions of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. However, their differentiation into functional oligodendrocytes is insufficient, and most lesions evolve into nonfunctional astroglial scars. Blockade of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling induces differentiation of OPCs into myelin-producing oligodendrocytes. We studied the effect of specific blockade of BMP-2/4 signaling, by intravenous (IV) treatment with anti-BMP-2/4 neutralizing mAb in both the inflammatory model of relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (R-EAE) and the cuprizone-toxic model of demyelination in mice. Administration of anti-BMP-2/4 to R-EAE-induced mice, on day 9 post-immunization (p.i.), ameliorated R-EAE signs, diminished the expression of phospho-SMAD1/5/8, primarily within the astrocytic lineage, increased the numbers of de novo immature and mature oligodendrocytes, and reduced the numbers of newly generated astrocytes within the spinal cord as early as day 18 p.i. This effect was accompanied with elevated remyelination, manifested by increased density of remyelinating axons (0.8 < g-ratios < 1), and reduced fully demyelinated and demyelinating axons, in the anti-BMP-2/4-treated R-EAE mice, studied by electron microscopy. No significant immunosuppressive effect was observed in the CNS and in the periphery, during the peak of the first attack, or at the end of the experiment. Moreover, IV treatment with anti-BMP-2/4 mAb in the cuprizone-challenged mice augmented the numbers of mature oligodendrocytes and remyelination in the corpus callosum during the recovery phase of the disease. Based on our findings, the specific blockade of BMP-2/4 has a therapeutic potential in demyelinating disorders such as MS, by inducing early oligodendrogenesis-mediated remyelination in the affected tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Mausner-Fainberg
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moshe Benhamou
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler's Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maya Golan
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Uri Danon
- Stem Cell Medicine Ltd, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ehud Marom
- Stem Cell Medicine Ltd, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Arnon Karni
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Sackler's Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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15
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Sconocchia T, Hochgerner M, Schwarzenberger E, Tam-Amersdorfer C, Borek I, Benezeder T, Bauer T, Zyulina V, Painsi C, Passegger C, Wolf P, Sibilia M, Strobl H. Bone morphogenetic protein signaling regulates skin inflammation via modulating dendritic cell function. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 147:1810-1822.e9. [PMID: 33250156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGF-β family that signal via the BMP receptor (BMPR) signaling cascade, distinct from canonical TGF-β signaling. BMP downstream signaling is strongly induced within epidermal keratinocytes in cutaneous psoriatic lesions, and BMP7 instructs monocytic cells to acquire characteristics of psoriasis-associated Langerhans dendritic cells (DCs). Regulatory T (Treg)-cell numbers strongly increase during psoriatic skin inflammation and were recently shown to limit psoriatic skin inflammation. However, the factors mediating Treg-cell accumulation in psoriatic skin currently remain unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the role of BMP signaling in Treg-cell accumulation in psoriasis. METHODS The following methods were used: immunohistology of patients and healthy controls; ex vivo models of Treg-cell generation in the presence or absence of Langerhans cells; analysis of BMP versus canonical TGF-β signaling in DCs and Treg cells; and modeling of psoriatic skin inflammation in mice lacking the BMPR type 1a in CD11c+ cells. RESULTS We here demonstrated a positive correlation between Treg-cell numbers and epidermal BMP7 expression in cutaneous psoriatic lesions and show that unlike Treg cells from healthy skin, a portion of inflammation-associated Treg cells exhibit constitutive-active BMP signaling. We further found that BMPR signaling licenses inflammation-associated Langerhans cell/DC to gain an enhanced capacity to promote Treg cells via BMPR-mediated CD25 induction and that this effect is associated with reduced skin inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Psoriatic lesions are marked by constitutive high BMP7/BMPR signaling in keratinocytes, which instructs inflammatory DCs to gain enhanced Treg-cell-stimulatory activity. Locally secreted BMP7 can directly promote Treg-cell generation through the BMP signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Sconocchia
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mathias Hochgerner
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke Schwarzenberger
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Carmen Tam-Amersdorfer
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Izabela Borek
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Theresa Benezeder
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Bauer
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Zyulina
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Clemens Painsi
- Department of Dermatology, State Hospital Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Christina Passegger
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Wolf
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Strobl
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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16
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Sotiropoulos MG, Chitnis T. Opposing and potentially antagonistic effects of BMP and TGF-β in multiple sclerosis: The "Yin and Yang" of neuro-immune Signaling. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 347:577358. [PMID: 32795734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMP) and Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) are cytokines with similar receptors and messengers. They are important for immune cell function, with BMPs exerting mainly proinflammatory but also anti-inflammatory effects, and TGF-β suppressing inflammation. Patients with Multiple Sclerosis exhibit BMP overactivity and suppressed TGF-β signaling. This dysregulated signaling participates in the crosstalk between infiltrating immune cells and glia, where BMP inhibits remyelination. Reciprocal antagonism between the two pathways takes place via a variety of mechanisms. Although this antagonism has not been studied in the setting of Multiple Sclerosis, it could inform further research and treatment discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinos G Sotiropoulos
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Tanuja Chitnis
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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17
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Eixarch H, Calvo-Barreiro L, Costa C, Reverter-Vives G, Castillo M, Gil V, Del Río JA, Montalban X, Espejo C. Inhibition of the BMP Signaling Pathway Ameliorated Established Clinical Symptoms of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:1988-2003. [PMID: 32681355 PMCID: PMC7851289 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00885-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted growth factors that belong to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily. BMPs have been implicated in physiological processes, but they are also involved in many pathological conditions. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS); however, its etiology remains elusive. Some evidence points to BMPs as important players in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. In the present work, we studied the expression of BMP2, BMP4, BMP5, BMP6, BMP7, BMP type II receptor, and noggin in the immune system during different phases of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Major changes in the expression of BMPs took place in the initial phases of EAE. Indeed, those changes mainly affected BMP6 (whose expression was abrogated), BMP2, and BMP7 (whose expression was increased). In addition, we showed that in vivo inhibition of the BMP signaling pathway with small molecules ameliorated the already established clinical symptoms of EAE, as well as the CNS histopathological features. At the immune level, we observed an expansion of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in mice treated with small molecules that inhibit the BMP signaling pathway. pDCs could play an important role in promoting the expansion of antigen-specific regulatory T cells. Altogether, our data suggest a role for BMPs in early immune events that take place in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced EAE. In addition, the clinical outcome of the disease was improved when the BMP signaling pathway was inhibited in mice that presented established EAE symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herena Eixarch
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Laura Calvo-Barreiro
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Carme Costa
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Gemma Reverter-Vives
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Mireia Castillo
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Vanessa Gil
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Antonio Del Río
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Montalban
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
- Division of Neurology, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Carmen Espejo
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.
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18
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Wu X, Wang Y, Huang R, Gai Q, Liu H, Shi M, Zhang X, Zuo Y, Chen L, Zhao Q, Shi Y, Wang F, Yan X, Lu H, Xu S, Yao X, Chen L, Zhang X, Tian Q, Yang Z, Zhong B, Dong C, Wang Y, Bian XW, Liu X. SOSTDC1-producing follicular helper T cells promote regulatory follicular T cell differentiation. Science 2020; 369:984-988. [PMID: 32820125 DOI: 10.1126/science.aba6652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Germinal center (GC) responses potentiate the generation of follicular regulatory T (TFR) cells. However, the molecular cues driving TFR cell formation remain unknown. Here, we show that sclerostin domain-containing protein 1 (SOSTDC1), secreted by a subpopulation of follicular helper T (TFH) cells and T-B cell border-enriched fibroblastic reticular cells, is developmentally required for TFR cell generation. Fate tracking and transcriptome assessment in reporter mice establishes SOSTDC1-expressing TFH cells as a distinct T cell population that develops after SOSTDC1- TFH cells and loses the ability to help B cells for antibody production. Notably, Sostdc1 ablation in TFH cells results in substantially reduced TFR cell numbers and consequently elevated GC responses. Mechanistically, SOSTDC1 blocks the WNT-β-catenin axis and facilitates TFR cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Yun Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Rui Huang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Qujing Gai
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Haofei Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Meimei Shi
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Yonglin Zuo
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Longjuan Chen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Qiwen Zhao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Yu Shi
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Yan
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98103, USA
| | - Huiping Lu
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Senlin Xu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Tian
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98103, USA
| | - Ziyan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhong
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Chen Dong
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P. R. China.
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P. R. China.
| | - Xindong Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P. R. China.
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19
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Sun Z, Cai S, Zabkiewicz C, Liu C, Ye L. Bone morphogenetic proteins mediate crosstalk between cancer cells and the tumour microenvironment at primary tumours and metastases (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 56:1335-1351. [PMID: 32236571 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are pluripotent molecules, co‑ordinating cellular functions from early embryonic and postnatal development to tissue repair, regeneration and homeostasis. They are also involved in tumourigenesis, disease progression and the metastasis of various solid tumours. Emerging evidence has indicated that BMPs are able to promote disease progression and metastasis by orchestrating communication between cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment. The interactions occur between BMPs and epidermal growth factor receptor, hepatocyte growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and extracellular matrix components. Overall, these interactions co‑ordinate the cellular functions of tumour cells and other types of cell in the tumour to promote the growth of the primary tumour, local invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis, and the establishment and survival of cancer cells in the metastatic niche. Therefore, the present study aimed to provide an informative summary of the involvement of BMPs in the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Sun
- VIP‑II Division of Medical Department, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education, Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Cai
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Zabkiewicz
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Chang Liu
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Lin Ye
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
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Guder C, Gravius S, Burger C, Wirtz DC, Schildberg FA. Osteoimmunology: A Current Update of the Interplay Between Bone and the Immune System. Front Immunol 2020; 11:58. [PMID: 32082321 PMCID: PMC7004969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunology, already a discipline in its own right, has become a major part of many different medical fields. However, its relationship to orthopedics and trauma surgery has unfortunately, and perhaps unjustly, been developing rather slowly. Discoveries in recent years have emphasized the immense breadth of communication and connection between both systems and, importantly, the highly promising therapeutic opportunities. Recent discoveries of factors originally assigned to the immune system have now also been shown to have a significant impact on bone health and disease, which has greatly changed how we approach treatment of bone pathologies. In case of bone fracture, immune cells, especially macrophages, are present throughout the whole healing process, assure defense against pathogens and discharge a complex variety of effectors to regulate bone modeling. In rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis, the immune system contributes to the formation of the pathological and chronic conditions. Fascinatingly, prosthesis failure is not at all solely a mechanical problem of improper strain but works in conjunction with an active contribution of the immune system as a reaction to irritant debris from material wear. Unraveling conjoined mechanisms of the immune and osseous systems heralds therapeutic possibilities for ailments of both. Contemplation of the bone as merely an unchanging support pillar is outdated and obsolete. Instead it is mandatory that this highly diverse network be incorporated in our understanding of the immune system and hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Guder
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sascha Gravius
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim of University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christof Burger
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter C Wirtz
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank A Schildberg
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Odagiu L, May J, Boulet S, Baldwin TA, Labrecque N. Role of the Orphan Nuclear Receptor NR4A Family in T-Cell Biology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:624122. [PMID: 33597928 PMCID: PMC7883379 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.624122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear orphan receptors NR4A1, NR4A2, and NR4A3 are immediate early genes that are induced by various signals. They act as transcription factors and their activity is not regulated by ligand binding and are thus regulated via their expression levels. Their expression is transiently induced in T cells by triggering of the T cell receptor following antigen recognition during both thymic differentiation and peripheral T cell responses. In this review, we will discuss how NR4A family members impact different aspects of the life of a T cell from thymic differentiation to peripheral response against infections and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Odagiu
- Laboratory of Immunology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julia May
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Salix Boulet
- Laboratory of Immunology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Troy A. Baldwin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Troy A. Baldwin, ; Nathalie Labrecque,
| | - Nathalie Labrecque
- Laboratory of Immunology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Troy A. Baldwin, ; Nathalie Labrecque,
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22
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Hiam D, Simar D, Laker R, Altıntaş A, Gibson-Helm M, Fletcher E, Moreno-Asso A, Trewin AJ, Barres R, Stepto NK. Epigenetic Reprogramming of Immune Cells in Women With PCOS Impact Genes Controlling Reproductive Function. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:6155-6170. [PMID: 31390009 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-01015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a chronic disease affecting reproductive function and whole-body metabolism. Although the etiology is unclear, emerging evidence indicates that the epigenetics may be a contributing factor. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of global and genome-wide epigenetic modifications in specific immune cells in PCOS compared with controls and whether these could be related to clinical features of PCOS. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS Women with (n = 17) or without PCOS (n = 17). SETTING Recruited from the general community. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed using multicolor flow cytometry methods to determine global DNA methylation levels in a cell-specific fashion. Transcriptomic and genome-wide DNA methylation analyses were performed on T helper cells using RNA sequencing and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. RESULTS Women with PCOS had lower global DNA methylation in monocytes (P = 0.006) and in T helper (P = 0.004), T cytotoxic (P = 0.004), and B cells (P = 0.03). Specific genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of T helper cells from women with PCOS identified 5581 differentially methylated CpG sites. Functional gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that genes located at the proximity of differentially methylated CpG sites belong to pathways related to reproductive function and immune cell function. However, these genes were not altered at the transcriptomic level. CONCLUSIONS It was shown that PCOS is associated with global and gene-specific DNA methylation remodeling in a cell type-specific manner. Further investigation is warranted to determine whether epigenetic reprogramming of immune cells is important in determining the different phenotypes of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Hiam
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Simar
- Mechanisms of Disease and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rhianna Laker
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ali Altıntaş
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Melanie Gibson-Helm
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elly Fletcher
- Baker Heart and Disease Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alba Moreno-Asso
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam J Trewin
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Romain Barres
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nigel K Stepto
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Medicine-Western Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Science, Melbourne, Australia
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Lahr CA, Wagner F, Shafiee A, Rudert M, Hutmacher DW, Holzapfel BM. Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 Exerts Osteo-Catabolic Effects on Bone Grafts That Outweigh Its Osteo-Anabolic Capacity. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 105:331-340. [PMID: 31214730 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-7) on human cancellous bone grafts (BGs) while differentiating between anabolic and catabolic events. Human BGs alone or supplemented with rhBMP-7 were harvested 14 weeks after subcutaneous implantation into NOD/Scid mice, and studied via micro-CT, histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Immunohistochemical staining for human-specific proteins made it possible to differentiate between grafted human bone and newly formed murine bone. Only BGs implanted with rhBMP-7 formed an ossicle containing a functional hematopoietic compartment. The total ossicle volume in the BMP+ group was higher than in the BMP- group (835 mm3 vs. 365 mm3, respectively, p < 0.001). The BMP+ group showed larger BM spaces (0.47 mm vs. 0.28 mm, p = 0.002) and lower bone volume-to-total volume ratio (31% vs. 47%, p = 0.002). Immunohistochemical staining for human-specific proteins confirmed a higher ratio of newly formed bone area (murine) to total area (0.12 vs. 0.001, p < 0.001) in the BMP+ group, while the ratio of grafted bone (human) area to total area was smaller (0.14 vs. 0.34, p = 0.004). The results demonstrate that rhBMP-7 induces BG resorption at a higher rate than new bone formation while creating a haematopoietic niche. Clinicians therefore need to consider the net catabolic effect when rhBMP-7 is used with BGs. Overall, this model indicates its promising application to further decipher BMPs action on BGs and its potential in complex bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph A Lahr
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, Brettreichstrasse 11, 97074, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Wagner
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Abbas Shafiee
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Maximilian Rudert
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Boris Michael Holzapfel
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, Brettreichstrasse 11, 97074, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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24
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Cohen A, Polak D, Nir-Paz R, Westreich N, Casap N. Indirect Bactericidal Properties of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 In Vitro. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 77:1611-1616. [PMID: 30928318 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2019.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted cytokines and are involved in various metabolic functions and inflammatory processes in different organs. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether BMPs also possess antimicrobial properties in direct or indirect ways. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antibacterial properties of recombinant human BMP2 (rhBMP2) were tested on 4 bacteria species (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus constellatus) to examine the potential synergism of rhBMP2 with antibiotics. Indirect antibacterial properties were tested by infecting neutrophils with rhBMP2 and bacteria to investigate bacterial survival. Reactive oxidative species (ROS) production in neutrophils in the presence of rhBMP2 also was tested. RESULTS RhBMP2 in cardboard disks or sponge collagen as carriers did not show antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria. Further, synergism of rhBMP2 with antibiotics was not evident. Survival of bacteria inoculated with neutrophils and rhBMP2 led to a marked decrease in bacterial survival compared with neutrophils without rhBMP2. Although rhBMP2 inoculation of neutrophils alone did not induce ROS, its presence with the bacterial infection showed augmented ROS production for all tested bacteria. CONCLUSIONS RhBMP2 did not show direct antibacterial properties but did exhibit an indirect bactericidal effect in the presence of neutrophils. ROS production indicated that rhBMP2 has a role as a priming agent for neutrophils by augmenting their bactericidal capabilities and suggests the importance of its presence in contaminated surgical bone augmentation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adir Cohen
- Visiting (Attending), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Polak
- Visiting (Attending), Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ran Nir-Paz
- Professor of Microbiology and Visiting (Attending), Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Neetzan Westreich
- Student, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nardy Casap
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel.
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25
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TGFβ Superfamily Members as Regulators of B Cell Development and Function-Implications for Autoimmunity. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123928. [PMID: 30544541 PMCID: PMC6321615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The TGFβ superfamily is composed of more than 33 growth and differentiation factors, including TGFβ1, β2, β3, BMPs, GDFs, nodal-related proteins, and activins. These members usually exert pleiotropic actions on several tissues and control multiple cellular processes, such as cell growth, cell survival, cell migration, cell fate specification, and differentiation, both during embryonic development and postnatal life. Although the effects of these factors on immune responses were elucidated long ago, most studies have been focused on the actions of TGFβs on T cells, as major regulators of adaptive immunity. In this review, we discuss new findings about the involvement of TGFβ superfamily members in the control of B cell development and function. Moreover, the potential contribution of TGFβ signaling to control B cell-mediated autoimmune diseases and its utility in the design of new therapies are also discussed.
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26
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Browning LM, Pietrzak M, Kuczma M, Simms CP, Kurczewska A, Refugia JM, Lowery DJ, Rempala G, Gutkin D, Ignatowicz L, Muranski P, Kraj P. TGF-β-mediated enhancement of T H17 cell generation is inhibited by bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1α signaling. Sci Signal 2018; 11:eaar2125. [PMID: 30154100 PMCID: PMC8713300 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aar2125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The cytokines of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family promote the growth and differentiation of multiple tissues, but the role of only the founding member, TGF-β, in regulating the immune responses has been extensively studied. TGF-β is critical to prevent the spontaneous activation of self-reactive T cells and sustain immune homeostasis. In contrast, in the presence of proinflammatory cytokines, TGF-β promotes the differentiation of effector T helper 17 (TH17) cells. Abrogating TGF-β receptor signaling prevents the development of interleukin-17 (IL-17)-secreting cells and protects mice from TH17 cell-mediated autoimmunity. We found that the receptor of another member of TGF-β family, bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1α (BMPR1α), regulates T helper cell activation. We found that the differentiation of TH17 cells from naive CD4+ T cells was inhibited in the presence of BMPs. Abrogation of BMPR1α signaling during CD4+ T cell activation induced a developmental program that led to the generation of inflammatory effector cells expressing large amounts of IL-17, IFN-γ, and TNF family cytokines and transcription factors defining the TH17 cell lineage. We found that TGF-β and BMPs cooperated to establish effector cell functions and the cytokine profile of activated CD4+ T cells. Together, our data provide insight into the immunoregulatory function of BMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Browning
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Maciej Pietrzak
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michal Kuczma
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Colin P Simms
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Agnieszka Kurczewska
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Justin M Refugia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Dustin J Lowery
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Grzegorz Rempala
- College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dmitriy Gutkin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Leszek Ignatowicz
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Pawel Muranski
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Piotr Kraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
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27
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Bending D, Prieto Martín P, Paduraru A, Ducker C, Marzaganov E, Laviron M, Kitano S, Miyachi H, Crompton T, Ono M. A timer for analyzing temporally dynamic changes in transcription during differentiation in vivo. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:2931-2950. [PMID: 29941474 PMCID: PMC6080944 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201711048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bending et al. establish a new tool, Timer of cell kinetics and activity (Tocky), revealing the temporal dynamics of cellular activation and differentiation in vivo. The tool analyzes the temporal sequence of molecular processes during cellular differentiation and can classify cells based on the frequency they receive signaling events in vivo. Understanding the mechanisms of cellular differentiation is challenging because differentiation is initiated by signaling pathways that drive temporally dynamic processes, which are difficult to analyze in vivo. We establish a new tool, Timer of cell kinetics and activity (Tocky; or toki [time in Japanese]). Tocky uses the fluorescent Timer protein, which spontaneously shifts its emission spectrum from blue to red, in combination with computer algorithms to reveal the dynamics of differentiation in vivo. Using a transcriptional target of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, we establish Nr4a3-Tocky to follow downstream effects of TCR signaling. Nr4a3-Tocky reveals the temporal sequence of events during regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation and shows that persistent TCR signals occur during Treg generation. Remarkably, antigen-specific T cells at the site of autoimmune inflammation also show persistent TCR signaling. In addition, by generating Foxp3-Tocky, we reveal the in vivo dynamics of demethylation of the Foxp3 gene. Thus, Tocky is a tool for cell biologists to address previously inaccessible questions by directly revealing dynamic processes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bending
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, England, UK
| | - Paz Prieto Martín
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, England, UK
| | - Alina Paduraru
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, England, UK
| | - Catherine Ducker
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, England, UK
| | - Erik Marzaganov
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, England, UK
| | - Marie Laviron
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, England, UK
| | - Satsuki Kitano
- Institute for Viral Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyachi
- Institute for Viral Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tessa Crompton
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, England, UK
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, England, UK
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28
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Luo B, Chen K, Feng Q, Xiao W, Ma D, Yang H, Zhang C. The interplay of BMP4 and IL‑7 regulates the apoptosis of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes under conditions of ischemia̸reperfusion. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2640-2650. [PMID: 29436597 PMCID: PMC5846653 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The number and function of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) have been found to be significantly reduced following induction of acute intestinal mucosal damage via intestinal ischemia̸reperfusion (I̸R). However, the mechanism underlying this reduction remains unclear. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the interplay of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)4 and interleukin (IL)‑7 regulates IEL function and number. Recent studies have demonstrated that the different components of the BMP2̸4 signaling pathway are expressed in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) via the activation of nuclear factor (NF)‑κB. In the present study, reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction analysis and flow cytometry demonstrated that IELs express BMP receptors (BMPRIA, BMPRIB, ActRIA and BMPRII) and non‑canonical signal transduction molecules (NF‑κB). an in vivo mouse intestinal I̸R model was used, and I̸R was shown to increase the expression of BMP4 in IECs and upregulate the expression levels of BMPRIA, BMPRIB and phosphorylated NF‑κB in IELs. Following isolation and culture of IELs, it was observed that exogenous BMP4 also upregulated the expression of BMPRIA and BMPRIB and activated NF‑κB signaling in IELs, inducing IEL apoptosis. In addition, the rate of apoptosis of IELs decreased following treatment with the BMP‑specific antagonist Noggin or with the NF‑κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. Furthermore, it was observed that exogenous IL‑7 can decrease BMP4 protein expression in IECs and the expression of phosphorylated NF‑κB protein in IELs. The findings of the present study suggest that, under conditions of I̸R, IEC‑derived BMP4 activates NF‑κB signaling in IELs, inducing IEL apoptosis, further aggravating the dysfunction of the intestinal mucosal barrier. However, these effects may be alleviated by IL‑7 treatment. Therefore, BMP4 and IL‑7 appear to be involved in the interaction between IECs and IELs and in the mechanism underlying intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyu Luo
- Department of General Surgery Two, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Qi Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Dan Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Chaojun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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Eixarch H, Calvo-Barreiro L, Montalban X, Espejo C. Bone morphogenetic proteins in multiple sclerosis: Role in neuroinflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 68:1-10. [PMID: 28249802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are growth factors that represent the largest subgroup of signalling ligands of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily. Their participation in the proliferation, survival and cell fate of several cell types and their involvement in many pathological conditions are now well known. BMP expression is altered in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, suggesting that BMPs have a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. MS is a demyelinating and neurodegenerative autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). MS is a complex pathological condition in which genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors converge, although its aetiology remains elusive. Multifunctional molecules, such as BMPs, are extremely interesting in the field of MS because they are involved in the regulation of several adult tissues, including the CNS and the immune system. In this review, we discuss the extensive data available regarding the role of BMP signalling in neuronal progenitor/stem cell fate and focus on the participation and expression of BMPs in CNS demyelination. Additionally, we provide an overview of the involvement of BMPs as modulators of the immune system, as this subject has not been thoroughly explored even though it is of great interest in autoimmune disorders. Moreover, we describe the data on BMP signalling in autoimmunity and inflammatory diseases, including MS and its experimental models. Thus, we aim to provide an integrated view of the putative role of BMPs in MS pathogenesis and to open the field for the further development of alternative therapeutic strategies for MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herena Eixarch
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Laura Calvo-Barreiro
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Xavier Montalban
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Carmen Espejo
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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Weber A, Chan PMB, Wen C. Do immune cells lead the way in subchondral bone disturbance in osteoarthritis? PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 148:21-31. [PMID: 29277342 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a whole-joint disorder, and non-cartilage articular pathologies, e.g. subchondral bone disturbance, contribute substantially to the onset and progression of the disease. In the early stage of OA, abnormal mechanical loading leads to micro-cracks or micro-fractures that trigger a reparative process with angiogenesis and inflammatory response. With the progression of disease, cystic lesion, sclerosis and osteophytosis occur at tissue level, and osteoblast dysfunction at cellular level. Osteoblasts derived from OA sclerotic bone produce increased amount of type I collagen with aberrant Col1A1/A2 ratio and poor mineralization capability. The coupling mechanism of bone resorption with formation is also impaired with elevated osteoclastic activities. All these suggest a view that OA subchondral bone presents a defective fracture repair process in a chronic course. It has been found that T and B cells, the major effectors in the adaptive immunity, take part in the hard callus formation at fracture site in addition to the initial phase of haematoma and inflammation. Infiltration of lymphocytes could interplay with osteoclasts and osteoblasts via a direct physical cell-to-cell contact. Several lines of evidence have consistently shown the involvement of T and B cells in osteoclastogenesis and bone erosion in arthritic joints. Yet the biological link between immune cells and osteoblastic function remains ambiguous. This review will discuss the current knowledge regarding the role of immune cells in bone remodelling, and address its implications in emerging basic and clinical investigations into the pathogenesis and management of subchondral bone pathologies in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Weber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Pok Man Boris Chan
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Chunyi Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong.
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Changi K, Bosnjak B, Gonzalez-Obeso C, Kluger R, Rodríguez-Cabello JC, Hoffmann O, Epstein MM. Biocompatibility and immunogenicity of elastin-like recombinamer biomaterials in mouse models. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 106:924-934. [PMID: 29105979 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Novel thermo-sensitive elastin-like recombinamers (ELRs) containing bioactive molecules were created for use as a biomimetic biomaterial for tissue regeneration. For effective use for in vivo applications, it is essential to ensure that they do not induce adverse inflammatory, immune, or allergic responses that inhibit tissue repair. Therefore, we sought to establish a pre-clinical approach to evaluate biocompatibility in experimental mice using ELRs as a prototype biomaterial. First, we measured in vitro proliferation and cytokine production from BALB/c and C57BL/6 mouse splenocytes incubated with ELRs. Second, we used a rapid, high throughput in vivo approach in which inflammatory cells and cytokines were measured following an intraperitoneal implantation. Lastly, a subchronic in vivo approach was used in which ELRs or positive controls were subcutaneously implanted and the implantation sites were assessed for inflammation and gene expression. We found that ELRs induced mild inflammation and minimal fibrosis compared to the intense response to Vitoss. Additionally, implantation increased antigen-specific antibody titers for both groups and gene expression profiling of the implantation sites revealed the upregulation of inflammation, fibrosis, and wound healing-related genes in ELR and positive control-implanted mice compared to sham controls. These data demonstrate that ELRs appear safe for use in tissue engineering. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 924-934, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Changi
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Experimental Allergy, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - B Bosnjak
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Experimental Allergy, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Gonzalez-Obeso
- BIOFORGE (Group for Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology), CIBER-BBN, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - R Kluger
- Danube Hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J C Rodríguez-Cabello
- BIOFORGE (Group for Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology), CIBER-BBN, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - O Hoffmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M M Epstein
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Experimental Allergy, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Postigo J, Iglesias M, Álvarez P, Jesús Augustin J, Buelta L, Merino J, Merino R. Bone Morphogenetic Protein and Activin Membrane-Bound Inhibitor, a Transforming Growth Factor β Rheostat That Controls Murine Treg Cell/Th17 Cell Differentiation and the Development of Autoimmune Arthritis by Reducing Interleukin-2 Signaling. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 68:1551-62. [PMID: 26714180 DOI: 10.1002/art.39557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) plays a prominent role in the establishment of immunologic tolerance, and mice lacking TGFβ1 die of multiorgan inflammation early in life. TGFβ controls the differentiation of CD4+ lymphocytes into Treg cells or proinflammatory Th17 cells. Although this dual capacity is modulated by the presence of additional cytokines around the activated cells, TGFβ also dissociates Th17/Treg cell differentiation in a dose-dependent manner by mechanisms still unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the contribution of bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) to the modulation of TGFβ activity during the differentiation of CD4+ cells and in the control of immunologic tolerance in mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). METHODS The in vitro and in vivo Treg cell and Th17 cell differentiation and the development of CIA were compared in wild-type mice and BAMBI-deficient mice. RESULTS BAMBI was induced after activation by TGFβ and fixed the appropriate intensity level of TGFβ signaling in CD4+ cells. Its deficiency protected mice against the development of CIA by a Treg cell- and TGFβ-dependent mechanism. Mechanistically, BAMBI was found to regulate CD25 expression and interleukin-2 (IL-2) signaling in Treg cells and in IL-2- and/or TGFβ-activated CD4+ cells and modulated Treg cell and Th17 cell differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Taken together, the results indicate that BAMBI is a component of a rheostat-like mechanism that, through the control of TGFβ and IL-2 signaling strength, regulates the differentiation of CD4+ lymphocytes and the development of autoimmune arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Postigo
- Jorge Postigo, PhD, Marcos Iglesias, PhD, Luis Buelta, MD, PhD, Jesús Merino, MD: IDIVAL and Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Marcos Iglesias
- Jorge Postigo, PhD, Marcos Iglesias, PhD, Luis Buelta, MD, PhD, Jesús Merino, MD: IDIVAL and Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Pilar Álvarez
- IDIVAL and Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, CSIC, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Juan Jesús Augustin
- IDIVAL and Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, CSIC, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Luis Buelta
- Jorge Postigo, PhD, Marcos Iglesias, PhD, Luis Buelta, MD, PhD, Jesús Merino, MD: IDIVAL and Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Jesús Merino
- Jorge Postigo, PhD, Marcos Iglesias, PhD, Luis Buelta, MD, PhD, Jesús Merino, MD: IDIVAL and Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Ramón Merino
- IDIVAL and Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, CSIC, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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Zhang HL, Guo B, Yang ZQ, Duan CC, Geng S, Wang K, Yu HF, Yue ZP. ATRA Signaling Regulates the Expression of COL9A1 through BMP2-WNT4-RUNX1 Pathway in Antler Chondrocytes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2017. [PMID: 28643469 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is involved in the regulation of cartilage growth and development, its regulatory mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we showed that ATRA could induce the expression of COL9A1 in antler chondrocytes. Silencing of cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2 (CRABP2) could impede the ATRA-induced upregulation of COL9A1, whereas overexpression of CRABP2 presented the opposite effect. RARα agonist Am80 induced the expression of COL9A1, whereas treatment with RARα antagonist Ro 41-5253 or RXRα small-interfering RNA (siRNA) caused an obvious blockage of ATRA on COL9A1. In antler chondrocytes, CYP26A1 and CYP26B1 weakened the sensitivity of ATRA to COL9A1. Simultaneously, Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and WNT4 mediated the regulation of ATRA on COL9A1 expression. Knockdown of WNT4 could abrogate the inhibitory effect of BMP2 overexpression on COL9A1. Conversely, constitutive expression of WNT4 reversed the upregulation of COL9A1 elicited by BMP2 siRNA. Together these data indicated that WNT4 might act downstream of BMP2 to mediate the effect of ATRA on COL9A1 expression. Further analysis evidenced that attenuation of runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) could prevent the stimulation of ATRA on COL9A1 expression, while exogenous rRUNX1 further enhanced this effectiveness. Moreover, RUNX1 might serve as an intermediate to mediate the regulation of BMP2 and WNT4 on COL9A1 expression. Collectively, ATRA signaling might regulate the expression of COL9A1 through BMP2-WNT4-RUNX1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Liang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Bin Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Zhan-Qing Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Cui-Cui Duan
- Institute of Agro-Food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Geng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Fan Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Zhan-Peng Yue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
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Pickup MW, Owens P, Moses HL. TGF-β, Bone Morphogenetic Protein, and Activin Signaling and the Tumor Microenvironment. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a022285. [PMID: 28062564 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cellular and noncellular components surrounding the tumor cells influence many aspects of tumor progression. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and activins have been shown to regulate the phenotype and functions of the microenvironment and are attractive targets to attenuate protumorigenic microenvironmental changes. Given the pleiotropic nature of the cytokines involved, a full understanding of their effects on numerous cell types in many contexts is necessary for proper clinical intervention. In this review, we will explore the various effects of TGF-β, BMP, and activin signaling on stromal phenotypes known to associate with cancer progression. We will summarize these findings in the context of their tumor suppressive or promoting effects, as well as the molecular changes that these cytokines induce to influence stromal phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Pickup
- Department of Cancer Biology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Philip Owens
- Department of Cancer Biology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Harold L Moses
- Department of Cancer Biology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
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35
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36
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Ahrazem O, Gómez-Gómez L, Rodrigo MJ, Avalos J, Limón MC. Carotenoid Cleavage Oxygenases from Microbes and Photosynthetic Organisms: Features and Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1781. [PMID: 27792173 PMCID: PMC5133782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apocarotenoids are carotenoid-derived compounds widespread in all major taxonomic groups, where they play important roles in different physiological processes. In addition, apocarotenoids include compounds with high economic value in food and cosmetics industries. Apocarotenoid biosynthesis starts with the action of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs), a family of non-heme iron enzymes that catalyze the oxidative cleavage of carbon-carbon double bonds in carotenoid backbones through a similar molecular mechanism, generating aldehyde or ketone groups in the cleaving ends. From the identification of the first CCD enzyme in plants, an increasing number of CCDs have been identified in many other species, including microorganisms, proving to be a ubiquitously distributed and evolutionarily conserved enzymatic family. This review focuses on CCDs from plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria, describing recent progress in their functions and regulatory mechanisms in relation to the different roles played by the apocarotenoids in these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Ahrazem
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
| | - Lourdes Gómez-Gómez
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
| | - María J Rodrigo
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
| | - Javier Avalos
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - María Carmen Limón
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
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Jurberg AD, Vasconcelos-Fontes L, Cotta-de-Almeida V. A Tale from TGF-β Superfamily for Thymus Ontogeny and Function. Front Immunol 2015; 6:442. [PMID: 26441956 PMCID: PMC4564722 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple signaling pathways control every aspect of cell behavior, organ formation, and tissue homeostasis throughout the lifespan of any individual. This review takes an ontogenetic view focused on the large superfamily of TGF-β/bone morphogenetic protein ligands to address thymus morphogenesis and function in T cell differentiation. Recent findings on a role of GDF11 for reversing aging-related phenotypes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnon Dias Jurberg
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil ; Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Larissa Vasconcelos-Fontes
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Vinícius Cotta-de-Almeida
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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Targeted Mutation of Nuclear Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Impairs Secondary Immune Response in a Mouse Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:975789. [PMID: 26491697 PMCID: PMC4603606 DOI: 10.1155/2015/975789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We recently identified a nuclear variant of the BMP2 growth factor, called nBMP2. In an effort to understand the function of this variant protein, we generated a mouse line in which BMP2 is expressed and functions normally, but nBMP2 is excluded from the nucleus. This novel mutation allows the study of nBMP2 without compromising BMP2 function. To determine whether nBMP2 plays a role in immune function, we performed a series of experiments in which we compared mouse survival, organ weights, immune cells numbers, and bacterial load in wild type and nBmp2NLStm mice following primary and secondary challenges with Staphylococcus aureus. Following primary challenge with S. aureus, wild type and nBmp2NLStm mice showed no differences in survival or bacterial load and generated similar numbers and types of leukocytes, although mutant spleens were smaller than wild type. Secondary bacterial challenge with S. aureus, however, produced differences in survival, with increased mortality seen in nBmp2NLStm mice. This increased mortality corresponded to higher levels of bacteremia in nBmp2NLStm mice and to a reduced enlargement of mutant spleens in response to the secondary infection. Together, these results suggest that the recently described nuclear variant of BMP2 is necessary for efficient secondary immune responses.
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Varas A, Valencia J, Lavocat F, Martínez VG, Thiam NN, Hidalgo L, Fernández-Sevilla LM, Sacedón R, Vicente A, Miossec P. Blockade of bone morphogenetic protein signaling potentiates the pro-inflammatory phenotype induced by interleukin-17 and tumor necrosis factor-α combination in rheumatoid synoviocytes. Arthritis Res Ther 2015. [PMID: 26215036 PMCID: PMC4517404 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0710-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multifunctional secreted growth factors regulating a broad spectrum of functions in numerous systems. An increased expression and production of specific BMPs have been described in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium. The aim of this study was to analyze the involvement of the BMP signaling pathway in RA synoviocytes in response to interleukin-17 (IL-17) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Methods The expression of components of the BMP signaling pathway (BMP receptors, BMP ligands, BMP signal transducers, and BMP antagonists) was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction before and after treatment of RA synoviocytes with TNF-α or IL-17 or both. Regulation was studied in the presence of the specific BMP inhibitor DMH1 (dorsomorphin homologue 1) or an exogenous BMP ligand, BMP6. Expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor), chemokines (IL-8, CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL10), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, −2, −3, −9, and −13) were analyzed. Results RA synoviocytes express BMP receptors (mainly BMPRIA, ACTRIA, and BMPRII), signal transducers of the Smad family (Smad1 and 5 and co-Smad4), and different BMP antagonists. The modulation of the expression of the BMP target genes—Id (inhibitor of DNA-binding/differentiation) proteins and Runx (Runt-related transcription factor) transcription factors—after the addition of exogenous BMP shows that the BMP signaling pathway is active. RA synoviocytes also express BMP ligands (BMP2, BMP6, and BMP7) which are highly upregulated after activation with TNF-α and IL-17. Autocrine BMP signaling pathway can be blocked by treatment with the inhibitor DMH1, leading to an increase in the upregulated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and MMPs induced by the activation of RA synoviocytes with TNF-α and IL-17. Conversely, the additional stimulation of the BMP pathway with the exogenous addition of the BMP6 ligand decreases the expression of those pro-inflammatory and pro-destructive factors. Conclusion The results indicate that the canonical BMP pathway is functionally active in human RA synoviocytes and that the inhibition of autocrine BMP signaling exacerbates the pro-inflammatory phenotype induced in RA synoviocytes by the stimulation with IL-17 and TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Varas
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Jaris Valencia
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Fabien Lavocat
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Unit and Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, EA 4130 University of Lyon 1, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, 69437, France.
| | - Víctor G Martínez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Ndiémé Ndongo Thiam
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Unit and Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, EA 4130 University of Lyon 1, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, 69437, France.
| | - Laura Hidalgo
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Lidia M Fernández-Sevilla
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Rosa Sacedón
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Angeles Vicente
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Pierre Miossec
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Unit and Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, EA 4130 University of Lyon 1, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, 69437, France.
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Kuczma M, Kraj P. Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling Regulates Development and Activation of CD4(+) T Cells. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2015; 99:171-93. [PMID: 26279376 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are growth factors belonging to the TGF-β (transforming growth factor β) superfamily. BMPs were found to regulate multiple cell processes such as proliferation, survival, differentiation, and apoptosis. They were originally described to play a pivotal role in inducing bone, cartilage, ligament, and tendon formation at both heterotopic and orthotopic sites but were found to play a significant role in embryogenesis and development of multiple tissues and organs. Activities of BMPs are regulated by a number of secreted proteins, which modulate their availability to bind cellular receptors. The functions of individual BMPs are highly redundant due to binding the same receptors and inducing overlapping signal transduction pathways. Recently, BMPs were found to regulate cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. BMPs are involved in thymic development of T cells at the early, double negative, as well as later, double positive, stages of thymopoesis. They specifically modulate thymic development of regulatory T cells (T(reg)). In the periphery, BMPs affect T cell activation, promoting generation of T(reg) cells. We found that mice deficient for one of the receptors activated by BMPs demonstrated slower growth of transplantable melanoma tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kuczma
- Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Piotr Kraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
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The BMP Pathway Participates in Human Naive CD4+ T Cell Activation and Homeostasis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131453. [PMID: 26110906 PMCID: PMC4481406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) form a group of secreted factors that belongs to the TGF-β superfamily. Among different roles in a number of immune cell types, BMPs are known to regulate T cell development within the thymus, although the role of BMP signaling in human mature T cells remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that canonical BMP signaling is necessary during two critical events that regulate the size and function of human naive CD4+ T cell population: activation and homeostasis. Upon stimulation via TCR, naive CD4+ T cells upregulate the expression of BMP ligands triggering canonical BMP signaling in CD25+ cells. Blockade of BMP signaling severely impairs CD4+ T cell proliferation after activation mainly through regulation of IL-2, since the addition of this cytokine recuperates normal T cell expansion after inhibition of BMP signaling. Similarly, activation of canonical BMP pathway is required for both the maintenance of cell survival and the homeostatic proliferation induced by IL-7, a key factor for T cell homeostasis. Moreover, upregulation of two critical receptors for T cell homeostasis, CXCR4 and CCR9, triggered by IL-7 is also abrogated in the absence of BMP signaling. Collectively, we describe important roles of the canonical BMP signaling in human naive CD4+ T cell activation and homeostasis that could be valuable for clinical application.
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Peng J, Yoshioka Y, Mandai M, Matsumura N, Baba T, Yamaguchi K, Hamanishi J, Kharma B, Murakami R, Abiko K, Murphy SK, Konishi I. The BMP signaling pathway leads to enhanced proliferation in serous ovarian cancer-A potential therapeutic target. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:335-45. [PMID: 25663289 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily transduce signals via SMAD proteins. SMAD2 and SMAD3 mediate TGF-β signaling, whereas SMAD1, SMAD5, and SMAD8/9 transduce bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signals. We would like to identify the function of BMP/SMAD5 signaling in serous ovarian cancer. The protein levels of total SMAD5 and phosphorylated SMAD5 (pSMAD5) were examined by immunohistochemical analysis using clinical serous ovarian cancer samples. Following treatment with either recombinant BMP2 (rBMP2) or Dorsomorphin (DM), western blotting was performed to observe pSMAD5 protein in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, separately. Cell proliferation was detected in SMAD5 knockdown serous ovarian cancer cell lines cultured with DM or rBMP2. The impact of DM or rBMP2 on tumor growth was observed in a mouse model of serous ovarian cancer. An inverse correlation was observed between pSMAD5 levels in the nucleus and the prognosis of patients with serous ovarian cancer. The treatment of SK-OV-3 with rBMP2 stimulated pSMAD5 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, and the addition of DM inhibited this effect. The proliferation of ovarian cancer cell lines was enhanced by BMP2 and suppressed by DM via SMAD5 in vitro. In vitro and in vivo experiments clearly demonstrated BMP2-stimulated proliferation of serous ovarian cancer and inhibition of this effect by DM. Our data suggests that BMP/SMAD5 signaling plays an important role and, therefore, becomes a potential therapeutic target in serous ovarian cancer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Peng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yoshioka
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Mandai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Noriomi Matsumura
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Baba
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Yamaguchi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junzo Hamanishi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Budiman Kharma
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Murakami
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kaoru Abiko
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ikuo Konishi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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A critical role for transcription factor Smad4 in T cell function that is independent of transforming growth factor β receptor signaling. Immunity 2014; 42:68-79. [PMID: 25577439 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) suppresses T cell function to maintain self-tolerance and to promote tumor immune evasion. Yet how Smad4, a transcription factor component of TGF-β signaling, regulates T cell function remains unclear. Here we have demonstrated an essential role for Smad4 in promoting T cell function during autoimmunity and anti-tumor immunity. Smad4 deletion rescued the lethal autoimmunity resulting from transforming growth factor-beta receptor (TGF-βR) deletion and compromised T-cell-mediated tumor rejection. Although Smad4 was dispensable for T cell generation, homeostasis, and effector function, it was essential for T cell proliferation after activation in vitro and in vivo. The transcription factor Myc was identified to mediate Smad4-controlled T cell proliferation. This study thus reveals a requirement of Smad4 for T-cell-mediated autoimmunity and tumor rejection, which is beyond the current paradigm. It highlights a TGF-βR-independent role for Smad4 in promoting T cell function, autoimmunity, and anti-tumor immunity.
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Chatila WM, Criner GJ, Hancock WW, Akimova T, Moldover B, Chang JK, Cornwell W, Santerre M, Rogers TJ. Blunted expression of miR-199a-5p in regulatory T cells of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared to unaffected smokers. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 177:341-52. [PMID: 24634990 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by an abnormal regulatory T cell (T(reg)) response and increases in T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 cell responses. It is unclear if dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNA) within T(reg) cells contributes to the abnormal inflammatory response in COPD. In this study, we aimed to compare the miRNA profile of COPD T(reg) cells with that of healthy controls and to explore the function of differentially expressed miRNAs. We first obtained T(reg) and T effector cells (Teff ) from peripheral blood of non-smokers, unaffected current smokers and COPD current smokers. Then, we assessed their miRNA expression by microarray analysis followed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) validation of particular miRNAs. Six and 96 miRNAs were expressed differentially in COPD T(reg) cells versus T(reg) cells of healthy non-smokers and healthy smokers, whereas no differences were found in miRNA expression in T(eff) cells. We found that miR-199a-5p was repressed by approximately fourfold in T(reg) cells of COPD patients compared to healthy smokers (P < 0·05). In addition, miR-199a-5p was over-expressed in T(reg) cells compared to Teff cells (P < 0·001) and had significant over-representation of its target genes in the T(reg) transcriptome, being associated with the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β activation pathway (P < 0·01). We also confirmed the function of miR-199a5p in an in-vitro loss-of-function cell model running TaqMan® arrays of the human TGF-β pathway. These findings suggest that the abnormal repression of miR-199a-5p in patients with COPD compared to unaffected smokers may be involved in modulating the adaptive immune balance in favour of a Th1 and Th17 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Chatila
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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45
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Xiao Y, Yu S, Zhu B, Bedoret D, Bu X, Francisco LM, Hua P, Duke-Cohan JS, Umetsu DT, Sharpe AH, DeKruyff RH, Freeman GJ. RGMb is a novel binding partner for PD-L2 and its engagement with PD-L2 promotes respiratory tolerance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:943-59. [PMID: 24752301 PMCID: PMC4010901 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20130790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Interaction between the inhibitory molecule PD-L2 on dendritic cells and repulsive guidance molecule b (RGMb) on lung macrophages is required to establish respiratory tolerance. We report that programmed death ligand 2 (PD-L2), a known ligand of PD-1, also binds to repulsive guidance molecule b (RGMb), which was originally identified in the nervous system as a co-receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). PD-L2 and BMP-2/4 bind to distinct sites on RGMb. Normal resting lung interstitial macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells express high levels of RGMb mRNA, whereas lung dendritic cells express PD-L2. Blockade of the RGMb–PD-L2 interaction markedly impaired the development of respiratory tolerance by interfering with the initial T cell expansion required for respiratory tolerance. Experiments with PD-L2–deficient mice showed that PD-L2 expression on non–T cells was critical for respiratory tolerance, but expression on T cells was not required. Because PD-L2 binds to both PD-1, which inhibits antitumor immunity, and to RGMb, which regulates respiratory immunity, targeting the PD-L2 pathway has therapeutic potential for asthma, cancer, and other immune-mediated disorders. Understanding this pathway may provide insights into how to optimally modulate the PD-1 pathway in cancer immunotherapy while minimizing adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Xiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; 2 Division of Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital; 3 Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology and 4 Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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46
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Xiao Y, Yu S, Zhu B, Bedoret D, Bu X, Francisco LM, Hua P, Duke-Cohan JS, Umetsu DT, Sharpe AH, DeKruyff RH, Freeman GJ. RGMb is a novel binding partner for PD-L2 and its engagement with PD-L2 promotes respiratory tolerance. Mol Immunol 2014; 48:1292-300. [PMID: 24752301 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We report that programmed death ligand 2 (PD-L2), a known ligand of PD-1, also binds to repulsive guidance molecule b (RGMb), which was originally identified in the nervous system as a co-receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). PD-L2 and BMP-2/4 bind to distinct sites on RGMb. Normal resting lung interstitial macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells express high levels of RGMb mRNA, whereas lung dendritic cells express PD-L2. Blockade of the RGMb-PD-L2 interaction markedly impaired the development of respiratory tolerance by interfering with the initial T cell expansion required for respiratory tolerance. Experiments with PD-L2-deficient mice showed that PD-L2 expression on non-T cells was critical for respiratory tolerance, but expression on T cells was not required. Because PD-L2 binds to both PD-1, which inhibits antitumor immunity, and to RGMb, which regulates respiratory immunity, targeting the PD-L2 pathway has therapeutic potential for asthma, cancer, and other immune-mediated disorders. Understanding this pathway may provide insights into how to optimally modulate the PD-1 pathway in cancer immunotherapy while minimizing adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Xiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; 2 Division of Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital; 3 Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology and 4 Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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Martínez VG, Hidalgo L, Valencia J, Hernández-López C, Entrena A, del Amo BG, Zapata AG, Vicente A, Sacedón R, Varas A. Autocrine activation of canonical BMP signaling regulates PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression in human dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:1031-8. [PMID: 24532425 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multifunctional growth factors regulating differentiation and proliferation in numerous systems including the immune system. Previously, we described that the BMP signaling pathway is functional in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs), which were found to express both the specific receptors and the Smad proteins required for signal transduction. In this study, we provide evidence that human MoDCs produce BMP-4 and that this production is increased over the maturation process as is BMP signal transduction. When DCs are matured in the presence of an inhibitor of the BMP pathway, the expression of the maturation markers PD-L1 and PD-L2 is reduced, while cytokine production is not affected. As a result, these mature DCs present an augmented ability to stimulate both T cells and NK cells. Eventually, the inhibition of BMP signaling during maturation causes a reduced expression of IRF-1, a transcription factor that positively regulates the expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2. The present study indicates that the BMP signaling pathway regulates PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression in human MoDCs during the maturation process, probably through the IRF-1 transcription factor, and also points out that the manipulation of BMP signaling might considerably improve the immunogenicity of MoDCs used in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor G Martínez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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48
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Kuczma M, Kurczewska A, Kraj P. Modulation of bone morphogenic protein signaling in T-cells for cancer immunotherapy. J Immunotoxicol 2013; 11:319-27. [PMID: 24350726 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2013.864736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is becoming an increasingly attractive therapeutic alternative for conventional cancer therapy. In recent years Foxp3(+) regulatory T-cells (T(R)) were identified as the major obstacle to effective cancer immunotherapy. The abundance of these cells in peripheral blood is increased in patients with multiple types of cancer and their prevalence among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes correlated with poor clinical prognosis. In contrast, removal or inactivation of T(R) cells led to enhanced anti-tumor immune response and better efficacy of cancer vaccines. This study reports that Bone Morphogenic Protein Receptor 1α (BMPR1α, Alk-3) is expressed by activated effector CD4(+) and T(R) cells and modulates functions of both cell types. Bone Morphogenic Proteins (BMPs) belong to the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family of cytokines that also include TGFβ and activins. BMPs play crucial roles in embryonic development, tissue differentiation and homeostasis, and development of cancer. It was demonstrated that BMPs and activins synergize with TGFβ to regulate thymic T-cell development, maintain T(R) cells, and control peripheral tolerance. Inactivation of BMPR1α in T-cells results in impaired thymic and peripheral generation of T(R) cells. BMPR1α-deficient activated T-cells produced a higher level of interferon (IFN)-γ than BMPR1α-sufficient T-cells. Moreover, transplanted B16 melanoma tumors grew smaller in mice lacking expression of BMPR1α in T-cells and tumors had few infiltrating TR cells and a higher proportion of CD8(+) T-cells than wild-type mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kuczma
- Department of Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine , Augusta, GA , USA
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49
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Hager-Theodorides AL, Ross SE, Sahni H, Mishina Y, Furmanski AL, Crompton T. Direct BMP2/4 signaling through BMP receptor IA regulates fetal thymocyte progenitor homeostasis and differentiation to CD4+CD8+ double-positive cell. Cell Cycle 2013; 13:324-33. [PMID: 24240189 PMCID: PMC3906248 DOI: 10.4161/cc.27118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BMP2/4 signaling is required for embryogenesis and involved in thymus morphogenesis and T-lineage differentiation. In vitro experiments have shown that treatment of thymus explants with exogenous BMP4 negatively regulated differentiation of early thymocyte progenitors and the transition from CD4−CD8− (DN) to CD4+CD8+ (DP). Here we show that in vivo BMP2/4 signaling is required for fetal thymocyte progenitor homeostasis and expansion, but negatively regulates differentiation from DN to DP cell. Unexpectedly, conditional deletion of BMPRIA from fetal thymocytes (using the Cre-loxP system and directing excision to hematopoietic lineage cells with the Vav promoter) demonstrated that physiological levels of BMP2/4 signaling directly to thymocytes through BMPRIA are required for normal differentiation and expansion of early fetal DN thymocytes. In contrast, the arrest in early thymocyte progenitor differentiation caused by exogenous BMP4 treatment of thymus explants is induced in part by direct signaling to thymocytes through BMPRIA, and in part by indirect signaling through non-hematopoietic cells. Analysis of the transition from fetal DN to DP cell, both by ex vivo analysis of conditional BMPRIA-deficient thymocytes and by treatment of thymus explants with the BMP4-inhibitor Noggin demonstrated that BMP2/4 signaling is a negative regulator at this stage. We showed that at this stage of fetal T-cell development BMP2/4 signals directly to thymocytes through BMPRIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadne L Hager-Theodorides
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture; Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Husbandry; Agricultural University of Athens; Athens, Greece
| | - Susan E Ross
- Immunobiology Unit; UCL Institute of Child Health; London, UK
| | - Hemant Sahni
- Immunobiology Unit; UCL Institute of Child Health; London, UK
| | - Yuji Mishina
- University of Michigan; School of Dentistry; Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences; Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | | | - Tessa Crompton
- Immunobiology Unit; UCL Institute of Child Health; London, UK
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50
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Siatkowski M, Liebscher V, Fuellen G. CellFateScout - a bioinformatics tool for elucidating small molecule signaling pathways that drive cells in a specific direction. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:85. [PMID: 24206562 PMCID: PMC3833265 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Small molecule effects can be represented by active signaling pathways within functional networks. Identifying these can help to design new strategies to utilize known small molecules, e.g. to trigger specific cellular transformations or to reposition known drugs. Results We developed CellFateScout that uses the method of Latent Variables to turn differential high-throughput expression data and a functional network into a list of active signaling pathways. Applying it to Connectivity Map data, i.e., differential expression data describing small molecule effects, we then generated a Human Small Molecule Mechanisms Database. Finally, using a list of active signaling pathways as query, a similarity search can identify small molecules from the database that may trigger these pathways. We validated our approach systematically, using expression data of small molecule perturbations, yielding better predictions than popular bioinformatics tools. Conclusions CellFateScout can be used to select small molecules for their desired effects. The CellFateScout Cytoscape plugin, a tutorial and the Human Small Molecule Mechanisms Database are available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/cellfatescout/ under LGPLv2 license.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Georg Fuellen
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, University of Rostock, Ernst Heydemann Strasse 8, D-18057 Rostock, Germany.
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