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Rughetti A, Bharti S, Savai R, Barmpoutsi S, Weigert A, Atre R, Siddiqi F, Sharma R, Khabiya R, Hirani N, Baig MS. Imperative role of adaptor proteins in macrophage toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Future Sci OA 2024; 10:2387961. [PMID: 39248050 PMCID: PMC11385170 DOI: 10.1080/20565623.2024.2387961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are integral part of the body's defense against pathogens and serve as vital regulators of inflammation. Adaptor molecules, featuring diverse domains, intricately orchestrate the recruitment and transmission of inflammatory responses through signaling cascades. Key domains involved in macrophage polarization include Toll-like receptors (TLRs), Src Homology2 (SH2) and other small domains, alongside receptor tyrosine kinases, crucial for pathway activation. This review aims to elucidate the enigmatic role of macrophage adaptor molecules in modulating macrophage activation, emphasizing their diverse roles and potential therapeutic and investigative avenues for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Rughetti
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology & Cell Therapy, Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Shreya Bharti
- Department of Biosciences & Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Lung Microenvironmental Niche in Cancerogenesis, Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, D-35390, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart & Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, D-61231, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60590, Germany
| | - Spyridoula Barmpoutsi
- Lung Microenvironmental Niche in Cancerogenesis, Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, D-35390, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart & Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, D-61231, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60590, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60323, Germany
| | - Rajat Atre
- Department of Biosciences & Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Faaiza Siddiqi
- Department of Biosciences & Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Department of Biosciences & Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Rakhi Khabiya
- Department of Biosciences & Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Nik Hirani
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH164TJ, UK
| | - Mirza S Baig
- Department of Biosciences & Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
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Kashiwakura JI, Kawahara S, Inagaki I, Inui K, Saitoh K, Kagohashi K, Sasaki Y, Kobayashi F, Kitai Y, Muromoto R, Oritani K, Matsuda T. STAP-2 negatively regulates BCR-mediated B cell activation by recruiting tyrosine-protein kinase CSK to LYN. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2433-2445. [PMID: 37669828 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Although signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) acts in certain immune responses, its role in B cell receptor (BCR)-mediated signals remains unknown. In this study, we have revealed that BCR-mediated signals, cytokine production and antibody production were increased in STAP-2 knockout (KO) mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Phosphorylation of tyrosine-protein kinase LYN Y508 was reduced in STAP-2 KO B cells after BCR stimulation. Mechanistic analysis revealed that STAP-2 directly binds to LYN, dependently of STAP-2 Y250 phosphorylation by LYN. Furthermore, phosphorylation of STAP-2 enhanced interactions between LYN and tyrosine-protein kinase CSK, resulting in enhanced CSK-mediated LYN Y508 phosphorylation. These results suggest that STAP-2 is crucial for controlling BCR-mediated signals and antibody production by enhanced CSK-mediated feedback regulation of LYN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Kashiwakura
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shoya Kawahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Iori Inagaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Inui
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kodai Saitoh
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kota Kagohashi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuto Sasaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Fuki Kobayashi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitai
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryuta Muromoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Sasaki Y, Saitoh K, Kagohashi K, Ose T, Kawahara S, Kitai Y, Muromoto R, Sekine Y, Ichii M, Yoshimura A, Oritani K, Kashiwakura JI, Matsuda T. STAP-2-Derived Peptide Suppresses TCR-Mediated Signals to Initiate Immune Responses. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:755-766. [PMID: 37417746 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) is an adaptor protein that contains pleckstrin and Src homology 2-like domains, as well as a proline-rich region in its C-terminal region. Our previous study demonstrated that STAP-2 positively regulates TCR signaling by associating with TCR-proximal CD3ζ ITAMs and the lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase. In this study, we identify the STAP-2 interacting regions of CD3ζ ITAMs and show that the STAP-2-derived synthetic peptide (iSP2) directly interacts with the ITAM sequence and blocks the interactions between STAP-2 and CD3ζ ITAMs. Cell-penetrating iSP2 was delivered into human and murine T cells. iSP2 suppressed cell proliferation and TCR-induced IL-2 production. Importantly, iSP2 treatment suppressed TCR-mediated activation of naive CD4+ T cells and decreased immune responses in CD4+ T cell-mediated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. It is likely that iSP2 is a novel immunomodulatory tool that modulates STAP-2-mediated activation of TCR signaling and represses the progression of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Sasaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kodai Saitoh
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kota Kagohashi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toyoyuki Ose
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shoya Kawahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitai
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryuta Muromoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sekine
- Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiko Ichii
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kashiwakura
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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4
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Ichii M, Oritani K, Toda J, Hosen N, Matsuda T, Kanakura Y. Signal-transducing adaptor protein-1 and protein-2 in hematopoiesis and diseases. Exp Hematol 2021; 105:10-17. [PMID: 34780812 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory and immune signals are involved in stressed hematopoiesis under myeloablation, infection, chronic inflammation, and aging. These signals also affect malignant pathogenesis, and the dysregulated immune environment which causes the resistance to treatment. On activation, various types of protein tyrosine kinases in the cytoplasm mediate the cascade, leading to the transcription of target genes in the nucleus. Adaptor molecules are commonly defined as proteins that lack enzymatic activity, DNA-binding or receptor functions and possess protein-protein or protein-lipid interaction domains. By binding to specific domains of signaling molecules, adaptor proteins adjust the signaling responses after the ligation of receptors of soluble factors, including cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, as well as pattern recognition receptors such as toll-like receptors. The signal-transducing adaptor protein (STAP) family regulates various intracellular signaling pathways. These proteins have a pleckstrin homology domain in the N-terminal region and an SRC-homology 2-like domain in the central region, representing typical binding structures as adapter proteins. Following the elucidation of the effects of STAPs on terminally differentiated immune cells, such as macrophages, T cells, mast cells, and basophils, recent findings have indicated the critical roles of STAP-2 in B-cell progenitor cells in marrow under hematopoietic stress and STAP-1 and -2 in BCR-ABL-transduced leukemogenesis. In this review, we focus on the role of STAPs in the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Ichii
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical Science, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Jun Toda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Naoki Hosen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kanakura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan; Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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5
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Matsuda T, Oritani K. STAP-2 Adaptor Protein Regulates Multiple Steps of Immune and Inflammatory Responses. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:895-901. [PMID: 34193686 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Signal-transducing adaptor protein (STAP)-2 is an adaptor molecule involved in regulation of several intracellular signaling events in immune cells. STAP-2 contains a pleckstrin homology domain at the N-terminus, an src homology domain in the central portion and a proline-rich region at the C-terminus. STAP-2 also has a YXXQ motif, which is a potential signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3-binding site. STAP-2 influences the STAT3 and STAT5 activity, integrin-mediated T cell adhesion, chemokine-induced T cell migration, Fas-mediated T cell apoptosis, Toll-like receptor-mediated macrophage functions, macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced macrophage activation, and the high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptor-mediated mast cell activation. This article reviews the current understanding of roles of the STAP-2 during immune and/or inflammatory responses, and discusses possible therapeutic applications of targeting STAP-2 proteins in immune-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology, International University of Health and Welfare
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6
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Ichii M, Oritani K, Toda J, Saito H, Shi H, Shibayama H, Motooka D, Kitai Y, Muromoto R, Kashiwakura JI, Saitoh K, Okuzaki D, Matsuda T, Kanakura Y. Signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 delays recovery of B lineage lymphocytes during hematopoietic stress. Haematologica 2021; 106:424-436. [PMID: 31974192 PMCID: PMC7849758 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.225573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) was discovered as a C-FMS/M-CSFR interacting protein and subsequently found to function as an adaptor of signaling or transcription factors. These include STAT5, MyD88 and IB kinase in macrophages, mast cells, and T cells. There is additional information about roles for STAP-2 in several types of malignant diseases including chronic myeloid leukemia; however, none have been reported concerning B-lineage lymphocytes. We have now exploited gene targeted and transgenic mice to address this lack of knowledge, and demonstrated that STAP-2 is not required under normal, steadystate conditions. However, recovery of B cells following transplantation was augmented in the absence of STAP-2. This appeared to be restricted to cells of B-cell lineage with myeloid rebound noted as unremarkable. Furthermore, all hematologic parameters were observed to be normal once recovery from transplantation was complete. In addition, overexpression of STAP-2, specifically in lymphoid cells, resulted in reduced numbers of latestage B-cell progenitors within the bone marrow. While numbers of mature peripheral B and T cells were unaffected, recovery from sub-lethal irradiation or transplantation was dramatically reduced. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) normally suppresses B precursor expansion in response to interleukin 7; however, STAP-2 deficiency made these cells more resistant. Preliminary RNA-sequencing analyses indicated multiple signaling pathways in B progenitors to be STAP-2-dependent. These findings suggest that STAP-2 modulates formation of B lymphocytes in demand conditions. Further study of this adapter protein could reveal ways to speed recovery of humoral immunity following chemotherapy or transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Ichii
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Jun Toda
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hideaki Saito
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Henyun Shi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Shibayama
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Genome Information Research Center, Res Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitai
- Dept of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryuta Muromoto
- Dept of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kashiwakura
- Dept of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kodai Saitoh
- Dept of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Res Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Dept of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kanakura
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis of ileum in Taiping chicken supplemented with the dietary probiotic. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:131. [PMID: 33462736 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02566-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Taiping chicken is indigenous chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), which was one of China's excellent poultry species. As the problems caused by the overuse of antibiotics become more and more concern, people begin to look for ways to replace them. Among them, probiotics and their preparations are the research hotspot to replace antibiotics. Probiotics can promote the absorption of nutrients, improve the ratio of meat to meat, resist and prevent diseases, and improve the intestinal tissue morphology. Here, we performed transcriptome profiling of Taiping chicken ileum which was given probiotics by using the Hiseq™ 2500 sequencing platform. A total of 18 genes were differentially expressed in the ileum under control group and probiotics group. Thirteen genes were upregulated with a range of fold change from 1.02 to 8.61, and 5 were downregulated with a range of fold change from - 1.06 to - 2.29. Ten of the differently expressed genes were further validated by qRT-PCR. In addition, Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses revealed that these differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched to bile secretion, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, ether lipid metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism. This study will help us to understand the role of probiotics in indigenous chicken production and provide theoretical basis for the genetic development of indigenous chickens.
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Graft-versus-host disease develops in mice transplanted with lymphocyte-depleted bone marrow cells from signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 transgenic mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 537:118-124. [PMID: 33388414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the most frequent complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and is one of the major causes of non-relapse mortality. Transferred mature lymphocytes are thought to be responsible for GVHD based on the findings that mice transplanted with lymphocyte-depleted bone marrow (BM) cells from MHC-mismatched donors do not develop GVHD. However, we found that overexpression of signal-transducing adaptor protein (STAP)-2 in lymphoid cells could induce GVHD after lymphocyte-depleted BM transplantation. To examine the function of STAP-2, which has been shown to play an important role in development and function of lymphocytes, in GVHD, we transplanted BM cells from STAP-2 deficient, or Lck promoter/IgH enhancer-driven STAP-2 transgenic (Tg) mice into MHC-mismatched recipients. Unexpectedly, mice transplanted with lymphocyte-depleted BM cells from STAP-2 Tg mice developed severe acute GVHD with extensive colitis and atrophy of thymus, while no obvious GVHD developed in mice transplanted with the wild type or STAP-2 deficient graft. Furthermore, mice transplanted with lymphocyte-depleted BM cells from the syngeneic STAP-2 Tg mice developed modest GVHD with colitis and atrophy of thymus. These results suggest that STAP-2 overexpression may enhance survival of allo-, and even auto-, reactive lymphocytes derived from engrafted hematopoietic progenitor cells in lethally irradiated mice, and that clarification of the mechanism may help understanding induction of immune tolerance after HSCT.
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Signal-transducing adapter protein-1 is required for maintenance of leukemic stem cells in CML. Oncogene 2020; 39:5601-5615. [PMID: 32661325 PMCID: PMC7441008 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The family of signal-transducing adapter proteins (STAPs) has been reported to be involved in a variety of intracellular signaling pathways and implicated as transcriptional factors. We previously cloned STAP-2 as a c-Fms interacting protein and explored its effects on chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) leukemogenesis. STAP-2 binds to BCR-ABL, upregulates BCR-ABL phosphorylation, and activates its downstream molecules. In this study, we evaluated the role of STAP-1, another member of the STAP family, in CML pathogenesis. We found that the expression of STAP-1 is aberrantly upregulated in CML stem cells (LSCs) in patients’ bone marrow. Using experimental model mice, deletion of STAP-1 prolonged the survival of CML mice with inducing apoptosis of LSCs. The impaired phosphorylation status of STAT5 by STAP-1 ablation leads to downregulation of antiapoptotic genes, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Interestingly, transcriptome analyses indicated that STAP-1 affects several signaling pathways related to BCR-ABL, JAK2, and PPARγ. This adapter protein directly binds to not only BCR-ABL, but also STAT5 proteins, showing synergistic effects of STAP-1 inhibition and BCR-ABL or JAK2 tyrosine kinase inhibition. Our results identified STAP-1 as a regulator of CML LSCs and suggested it to be a potential therapeutic target for CML.
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Yeh SJ, Chen SW, Chen BS. Investigation of the Genome-Wide Genetic and Epigenetic Networks for Drug Discovery Based on Systems Biology Approaches in Colorectal Cancer. Front Genet 2020; 11:117. [PMID: 32211020 PMCID: PMC7068214 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed type of cancer worldwide. The mechanisms leading to the progression of CRC are involved in both genetic and epigenetic regulations. In this study, we applied systems biology methods to identify potential biomarkers and conduct drug discovery in a computational approach. Using big database mining, we constructed a candidate protein-protein interaction network and a candidate gene regulatory network, combining them into a genome-wide genetic and epigenetic network (GWGEN). With the assistance of system identification and model selection approaches, we obtain real GWGENs for early-stage, mid-stage, and late-stage CRC. Subsequently, we extracted core GWGENs for each stage of CRC from their real GWGENs through a principal network projection method, and projected them to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways for further analysis. Finally, we compared these core pathways resulting in different molecular mechanisms in each stage of CRC and identified carcinogenic biomarkers for the design of multiple-molecule drugs to prevent the progression of CRC. Based on the identified gene expression signatures, we suggested potential compounds combined with known CRC drugs to prevent the progression of CRC with querying Connectivity Map (CMap).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Ju Yeh
- Laboratory of Automatic Control, Signaling Processing and Systems Biology, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Shuo-Wei Chen
- Laboratory of Automatic Control, Signaling Processing and Systems Biology, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Sen Chen
- Laboratory of Automatic Control, Signaling Processing and Systems Biology, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Isidro RA, Appleyard CB. Colonic macrophage polarization in homeostasis, inflammation, and cancer. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G59-73. [PMID: 27229123 PMCID: PMC4967174 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00123.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Our review focuses on the colonic macrophage, a monocyte-derived, tissue-resident macrophage, and the role it plays in health and disease, specifically in inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease and cancer of the colon and rectum. We give special emphasis to macrophage polarization, or phenotype, in these different states. We focus on macrophages because they are one of the most numerous leukocytes in the colon, and because they normally contribute to homeostasis through an anti-inflammatory phenotype. However, in conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, proinflammatory macrophages are increased in the colon and have been linked to disease severity and progression. In colorectal cancer, tumor cells may employ anti-inflammatory macrophages to promote tumor growth and dissemination, whereas proinflammatory macrophages may antagonize tumor growth. Given the key roles that this cell type plays in homeostasis, inflammation, and cancer, the colonic macrophage is an intriguing therapeutic target. As such, potential macrophage-targeting strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond A Isidro
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-Medical School and Ponce Research Institute, 395 Zona Industrial Reparada 2, Ponce, Puerto Rico 00716
| | - Caroline B Appleyard
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-Medical School and Ponce Research Institute, 395 Zona Industrial Reparada 2, Ponce, Puerto Rico 00716
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