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Hackler Y, Siebenhaar F, Maurer M, Muñoz M. Virus-infected mast cells activate virus-specific CD8 + T cells. Scand J Immunol 2023; 98:e13272. [PMID: 38441354 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Efficient anti-viral responses of CD8+ T cells require signals that promote their effector cell differentiation, that are mainly provided by dendritic cells (DCs). Mast cells (MCs) are key drivers of DC maturation, but also influence their migration and antigen presenting properties and therefore indirectly mediate CD8+ T cell activation. MCs initiate innate immune responses at pathogen entry sites, promote the development of adaptive immune responses after infection, and release mediators including chemokines that recruit and activate immune cells including T cells during viral infections. However, whether MCs can directly activate virus-specific CD8+ T cells remains largely unknown. Here, we used an in vitro viral infection model with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-infected MCs or DCs co-cultured with either LCMV-specific CD8+ T cells or with WT (unspecific) CD8+ T cells. Similar to LCMV-infected DCs, LCMV-infected MCs clustered with virus-specific CD8+ T cells and induced their activation and production of antiviral cytokines. In addition, the co-stimulatory molecules CD86 and OX40L, but not CD80, were upregulated on MCs and an increased production of IL-6 and type I interferons after LCMV infection was shown. Our findings suggest that MCs can promote CD8+ T cell activation during viral infections. MC-mediated CD8+ T cell activation might be especially important within infected tissues where direct cellular interaction can take place. A better understanding of anti-viral functions of MCs may help developing new strategies to better treat viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Hackler
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Siebenhaar
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melba Muñoz
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
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Kalkusova K, Smite S, Darras E, Taborska P, Stakheev D, Vannucci L, Bartunkova J, Smrz D. Mast Cells and Dendritic Cells as Cellular Immune Checkpoints in Immunotherapy of Solid Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911080. [PMID: 36232398 PMCID: PMC9569882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer immunotherapy. These inhibitors are game changers in many cancers and for many patients, sometimes show unprecedented therapeutic efficacy. However, their therapeutic efficacy is largely limited in many solid tumors where the tumor-controlled immune microenvironment prevents the immune system from efficiently reaching, recognizing, and eliminating cancer cells. The tumor immune microenvironment is largely orchestrated by immune cells through which tumors gain resistance against the immune system. Among these cells are mast cells and dendritic cells. Both cell types possess enormous capabilities to shape the immune microenvironment. These capabilities stage these cells as cellular checkpoints in the immune microenvironment. Regaining control over these cells in the tumor microenvironment can open new avenues for breaking the resistance of solid tumors to immunotherapy. In this review, we will discuss mast cells and dendritic cells in the context of solid tumors and how these immune cells can, alone or in cooperation, modulate the solid tumor resistance to the immune system. We will also discuss how this modulation could be used in novel immunotherapeutic modalities to weaken the solid tumor resistance to the immune system. This weakening could then help other immunotherapeutic modalities engage against these tumors more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Kalkusova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sindija Smite
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Elea Darras
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Taborska
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dmitry Stakheev
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luca Vannucci
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jirina Bartunkova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Smrz
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-224-435-968; Fax: +420-224-435-962
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Li X, Jiang S, Wang X, Jia B. Intestinal transcriptomes in Kazakh sheep with different haplotypes after experimental Echinococcus granulosus infection. Parasite 2021; 28:14. [PMID: 33666549 PMCID: PMC7934610 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a chronic zoonosis caused by infection with the larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. As the intermediate host, sheep are highly susceptible to this disease. Our previous studies have shown that sheep with haplotype MHC Mva Ibc-Sac IIab-Hin1I ab were resistant to CE infection, while their counterparts without this haplotype were not. In order to reveal the molecular mechanism of resistance in Kazakh sheep, after selecting the differential miRNA in our previous study, herein, transcriptome analyses were conducted to detect the differential expression genes in the intestinal tissue of Kazakh sheep with resistant and non-resistant MHC haplotypes, after peroral infection with E. granulosus eggs. A total of 3835 differentially expressed genes were identified between the two groups, with 2229 upregulated and 1606 downregulated. Further function analysis showed that the most significant genes were related to both innate immune response and adaptive response participating in the defense against E. granulosus infection and the metabolic changes associated with it. The results suggest that genes related to lectin receptors, NK cells activation, chemokines, and tumor necrosis factor, may play important roles in the response of intestinal tissue to E. granulosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Road Beisi, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, PR China - College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Road Beisi, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Song Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Road Beisi, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Xuhai Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Road Beisi, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Bin Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Road Beisi, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, PR China
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