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Liu H, Zeng L, Pan M, Huang L, Li H, Liu M, Niu X, Zhang C, Wang H. Bcl-3 regulates T cell function through energy metabolism. BMC Immunol 2023; 24:35. [PMID: 37794349 PMCID: PMC10552310 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-023-00570-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bcl-3 is a member of the IκB protein family and an essential modulator of NF-κB activity. It is well established that Bcl-3 is critical for the normal development, survival and differentiation of adaptive immune cells, especially T cells. However, the regulation of immune cell function by Bcl-3 through metabolic pathways has rarely been studied. RESULTS In this study, we explored the role of Bcl-3 in the metabolism and function of T cells via the mTOR pathway. We verified that the proliferation of Bcl-3-deficient Jurkat T cells was inhibited, but their activation was promoted, and Bcl-3 depletion regulated cellular energy metabolism by reducing intracellular ATP and ROS production levels and mitochondrial membrane potential. Bcl-3 also regulates cellular energy metabolism in naive CD4+ T cells. In addition, the knockout of Bcl-3 altered the expression of mTOR, Akt, and Raptor, which are metabolism-related genes, in Jurkat cells. CONCLUSIONS This finding indicates that Bcl-3 may mediate the energy metabolism of T cells through the mTOR pathway, thereby affecting their function. Overall, we provide novel insights into the regulatory role of Bcl-3 in T-cell energy metabolism for the prevention and treatment of immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lin Zeng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mengmeng Pan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Liwenhui Huang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hanying Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mengxia Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xinqing Niu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
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Liu H, Zeng L, Yang Y, Huang Z, Guo C, Huang L, Niu X, Zhang C, Wang H. Bcl-3 regulates the function of Th17 cells through raptor mediated glycolysis metabolism. Front Immunol 2022; 13:929785. [PMID: 36159779 PMCID: PMC9500237 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcl-3 is an atypical IκB family member that regulates transcription in the nucleus by binding to the p50/p52 homologous dimer subunit. Although various studies illustrate the important role of Bcl-3 in physiological function, its role in metabolism is still unclear. We found that Bcl-3 has a metabolic regulatory effect on autoimmunity. Bcl-3-depleted mice are unable to develop experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. The disease resistance was linked to an increase in lactate levels in Th17 cells, and lactate could alleviate EAE development in WT mice. Bcl-3 deficient mice had more differentiated Th17 cells and an increased extracellular acidification rate in these cells. Concurrently, their ultimate respiration rate and respiratory reserve capacity were significantly lower than wild-type mice. However, adding GNE-140 (LADH inhibitor) to Bcl-3-deficient Th17 cells could reverse the phenomenon, and lactate supplementation could increase the glycolysis metabolism of Th17 cells in WT mice. Mechanically, Bcl-3 could interact with Raptor through ANK and RNC domains. Therefore, Bcl-3 regulates Th17 pathogenicity by promoting Raptor mediated energy metabolism, revealing a novel regulation of adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lin Zeng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chunlei Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Liwenhui Huang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xinqing Niu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Wang,
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Hövelmeyer N, Schmidt-Supprian M, Ohnmacht C. NF-κB in control of regulatory T cell development, identity, and function. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:985-995. [PMID: 35672519 PMCID: PMC9213371 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02215-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) act as a major rheostat regulating the strength of immune responses, enabling tolerance of harmless foreign antigens, and preventing the development of pathogenic immune responses in various disease settings such as cancer and autoimmunity. Treg cells are present in all lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues, and the latter often fulfill important tasks required for the physiology of their host organ. The activation of NF-κB transcription factors is a central pathway for the reprogramming of gene expression in response to inflammatory but also homeostatic cues. Genetic mouse models have revealed essential functions for NF-κB transcription factors in modulating Treg development and function, with some of these mechanistic insights confirmed by recent studies analyzing Treg cells from patients harboring point mutations in the genes encoding NF-κB proteins. Molecular insights into the NF-κB pathway in Treg cells hold substantial promise for novel therapeutic strategies to manipulate dysfunctional or inadequate cell numbers of immunosuppressive Treg cells in autoimmunity or cancer. Here, we provide an overview of the manifold roles that NF-κB factors exert in Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Hövelmeyer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
- Germany Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- Institute for Experimental Hematology, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Caspar Ohnmacht
- Center for Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Liu H, Zeng L, Yang Y, Guo C, Wang H. Bcl-3: A Double-Edged Sword in Immune Cells and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:847699. [PMID: 35355979 PMCID: PMC8959985 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.847699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB transcription factor family controls the transcription of many genes and regulates a number of pivotal biological processes. Its activity is regulated by the IκB family of proteins. Bcl-3 is an atypical member of the IκB protein family that regulates the activity of nuclear factor NF-κB. It can promote or inhibit the expression of NF-κB target genes according to the received cell type and stimulation, impacting various cell functions, such as proliferation and differentiation, induction of apoptosis and immune response. Bcl-3 is also regarded as an environment-dependent cell response regulator that has dual roles in the development of B cells and the differentiation, survival and proliferation of Th cells. Moreover, it also showed a contradictory role in inflammation. At present, in addition to the work aimed at studying the molecular mechanism of Bcl-3, an increasing number of studies have focused on the effects of Bcl-3 on inflammation, immunity and malignant tumors in vivo. In this review, we focus on the latest progress of Bcl-3 in the regulation of the NF-κB pathway and its extensive physiological role in inflammation and immune cells, which may help to provide new ideas and targets for the early diagnosis or targeted treatment of various inflammatory diseases, immunodeficiency diseases and malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lin Zeng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunlei Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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Ryan GE, Harris JE, Richmond JM. Resident Memory T Cells in Autoimmune Skin Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:652191. [PMID: 34012438 PMCID: PMC8128248 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.652191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue resident memory T cells (TRM) are a critical component of the immune system, providing the body with an immediate and highly specific response against pathogens re-infecting peripheral tissues. More recently, however, it has been demonstrated that TRM cells also form during autoimmunity. TRM mediated autoimmune diseases are particularly destructive, because unlike foreign antigens, the self-antigens are never cleared, continuously activating self-reactive TRM T cells. In this article, we will focus on how TRMs mediate disease in autoimmune skin conditions, specifically vitiligo, psoriasis, cutaneous lupus erythematosus, alopecia areata and frontal fibrosing alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E. Ryan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | | | - Jillian M. Richmond
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
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Webb LM, Narvaez Miranda J, Amici SA, Sengupta S, Nagy G, Guerau-de-Arellano M. NF-κB/mTOR/MYC Axis Drives PRMT5 Protein Induction After T Cell Activation via Transcriptional and Non-transcriptional Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2019; 10:524. [PMID: 30941147 PMCID: PMC6433977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) mediated by CD4+ T cells and modeled via experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Inhibition of PRMT5, the major Type II arginine methyltransferase, suppresses pathogenic T cell responses and EAE. PRMT5 is transiently induced in proliferating memory inflammatory Th1 cells and during EAE. However, the mechanisms driving PRMT5 protein induction and repression as T cells expand and return to resting is currently unknown. Here, we used naive mouse and memory mouse and human Th1/Th2 cells as models to identify mechanisms controlling PRMT5 protein expression in initial and recall T cell activation. Initial activation of naive mouse T cells resulted in NF-κB-dependent transient Prmt5 transcription and NF-κB, mTOR and MYC-dependent PRMT5 protein induction. In murine memory Th cells, transcription and miRNA loss supported PRMT5 induction to a lesser extent than in naive T cells. In contrast, NF-κB/MYC/mTOR-dependent non-transcriptional PRMT5 induction played a major role. These results highlight the importance of the NF-κB/mTOR/MYC axis in PRMT5-driven pathogenic T cell expansion and may guide targeted therapeutic strategies for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Webb
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Wexner Medical Center, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Janiret Narvaez Miranda
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Wexner Medical Center, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Stephanie A Amici
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Wexner Medical Center, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Shouvonik Sengupta
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Wexner Medical Center, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Gregory Nagy
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mireia Guerau-de-Arellano
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Wexner Medical Center, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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