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Groen SS, Bay-Jensen AC, Thudium CS, Dziegiel MH, Skougaard M, Thomsen SF, Nielsen SH. Evaluating the inhibition of IL-17A and TNFα in a cartilage explant model cultured with Th17-derived cytokines. J Transl Autoimmun 2024; 8:100231. [PMID: 38292069 PMCID: PMC10826309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2024.100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction T-helper 17 (Th17) cells produce IL-17A playing a critical role in activating the pathogenic chain leading to joint tissue inflammation and destruction. Elevated levels of Th17 cells and IL-17A have been detected in skin lesions, blood, and synovial fluid from patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Moreover, IL-17A inhibitors suppress disease activity in psoriasis, PsA and AS, supporting the evidence of IL-17A contributing to the disease pathogenesis. Although, IL-17A inhibitors are widely approved, it remains unclear how the inhibitory effect of IL-17A alters the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the joint in a Th17-conditioned inflammatory milieu. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish a cartilage model cultured with conditioned medium from Th17 cells and inhibitors to explore the effect of IL-17A inhibition on joint tissue remodeling. Methods Naïve CD4+ T cells from healthy human buffy coat were differentiated into Th17 cells, followed by Th17 cell activation to secrete Th17-related cytokines and molecules into media. The activated Th17 cells were isolated from the conditioned media (CM) and analyzed using flow cytometry to verify Th17 cell differentiation. The CM were assessed with ELISA to quantify the concentrations of cytokines secreted into the media by the Th17 cells. Healthy bovine cartilage explants were cultured with the Th17-CM and treated with IL-17A and TNFα inhibitors for 21 days. In harvested supernatant from the cartilage cultures, MMP- and ADAMTS-mediated biomarker fragments of type II collagen, aggrecan, and fibronectin were measured by ELISA to investigate the ECM remodeling within the cartilage tissue. Results Th17-CM stimulated a catabolic response in the cartilage. Markers of type II collagen and aggrecan degradation were upregulated, while anabolic marker of type II collagen formation remained on similar levels as the untreated explants. The addition of IL-17A inhibitor to Th17-CM decreased the elevated type II collagen and aggrecan degradation, however, degenerative levels were still elevated compared to untreated group. The addition of TNFα inhibitor completely reduced both type II collagen and aggrecan degradation compared to untreated explants. Moreover, the TNFα inhibitor treatment did not alter the type II collagen formation compared to untreated group. Conclusion This study suggests that inhibition of IL-17A in Th17-conditioned cartilage tissue only partially reduced the MMP-mediated type II collagen degradation and ADAMTS-mediated aggrecan degradation, while the TNFα inhibitor treatment fully reduced both MMP- and ADAMTS-mediated ECM degradation. This exploratory study where ECM biomarkers are combined with Th17-conditioned ex vivo model may hold great potential as output for describing joint disease mechanisms and predicting structural effects of treatment on joint tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Skovlund Groen
- Immunoscience, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Morten H. Dziegiel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Skougaard
- The Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon Francis Thomsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Signe Holm Nielsen
- Immunoscience, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Mazzoni A, Annunziato F, Maggi L. T lymphocytes-related cell network in the pathogenesis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a key point for personalized treatment. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2024; 36:40-45. [PMID: 37905987 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a heterogeneous group of arthritis of unknown origin occurring in children under 16 years of age and persisting for at least 6 weeks. Given that JIA is an inflammatory disorder, treatment strategies, including also biologicals, are focused on suppressing excessive inflammation. The finding that different patients display different responses to biological drugs supports the concept that different pathogenic mechanisms can exist in JIA, with specific cellular and molecular mechanisms driving inflammation in each patient. The aim of this review is to highlight the most recent advances in understanding the role of immune cells in JIA pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS This review encompasses the role of the different cell subsets involved in sustaining inflammation in JIA, with a particular emphasis on T cells, as they orchestrate both innate and adaptive auto-reactive immunity in affected joints. SUMMARY The characterization of the cellular and molecular pathways supporting inflammation will be crucial to design novel therapeutic approaches in the context of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Mazzoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence
- Flow cytometry diagnostic center and immunotherapy, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Annunziato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence
- Flow cytometry diagnostic center and immunotherapy, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Maggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence
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Uto S, Hikita A, Mori D, Sakamoto T, Yano F, Ohba S, Saito T, Takato T, Hoshi K. Subcutaneously Transplanted Fresh Cartilage in Allogeneic and Xenogeneic Immunocompetent Mouse. Tissue Eng Part A 2023; 29:541-556. [PMID: 37548556 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage is considered to be immune privileged in general. Clinically, live cells are removed from subcutaneously transplanted allogeneic cartilage mainly for preservation and for infection control. However, because maintaining cartilage feature requires live chondrocyte, it would be beneficial to subcutaneously transplant cartilage with live chondrocyte even if it was allogeneic. We harvested femoral head from 3-week-old male C57BL/6 mice, subcutaneously transplanted to 6-week-old male mice, BALB/c, BALB/c nu/nu, or C57BL/6-Tg (enhanced green fluorescent protein [EGFP] under the control of the CMV-IE enhancer, chicken beta-actin promoter, rabbit beta-globin genomic DNA [CAG promoter]), as allogeneic, allogeneic immunodeficient control, or syngeneic transplantation. We also transplanted cartilaginous particles from human induced pluripotent stem cells derived from human leukocyte antigen homozygous donor to 6-week-old male mice either BALB/c and BALB/c nu/nu as xenogeneic or xenogeneic immunodeficient control. The transplantation periods were 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks. As the result, we did not observe exposure of the transplant or apparent macroscopic inflammatory in all samples. Histological analysis suggested that the femoral head showed focal ossification and thinning in syngeneic transplantation. In allogeneic transplantation, slight invasion of CD3 (+) T cell and the denaturation of the cartilage were observed, suggesting immune reaction against allogeneic cartilage. In xenogeneic transplantation, slight invasion of CD3 (+) cell and CD4 (+) cell and the structure of the perichondrium-like tissue got unclear, suggesting slight immune reaction against xenogeneic cartilage. Our findings suggest that we should carefully investigate for appropriate procedure to control immune reaction against allogeneic cartilage with live chondrocyte and to maintain its cartilage feature for long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Uto
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Tissue Engineering, Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry and Orthodontics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hikita
- Division of Tissue Engineering, Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry and Orthodontics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sakamoto
- Division of Tissue Engineering, Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry and Orthodontics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Yano
- Department of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Division of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Taku Saito
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takato
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- JR Tokyo General Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuto Hoshi
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Tissue Engineering, Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry and Orthodontics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Vanni A, Mazzoni A, Semeraro R, Capone M, Maschmeyer P, Lamacchia G, Salvati L, Carnasciali A, Farahvachi P, Giani T, Simonini G, Filocamo G, Romano M, Liotta F, Mashreghi MF, Cosmi L, Cimaz R, Magi A, Maggi L, Annunziato F. Clonally expanded PD-1-expressing T cells are enriched in synovial fluid of juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250162. [PMID: 37086046 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic condition in childhood. The disease etiology remains largely unknown; however, a key role in JIA pathogenesis is surely mediated by T cells. T-lymphocytes activity is controlled via signals, known as immune checkpoints. Delivering an inhibitory signal or blocking a stimulatory signal to achieve immune suppression is critical in autoimmune diseases. However, the role of immune checkpoints in chronic inflammation and autoimmunity must still be deciphered. In this study, we investigated at the single-cell level the feature of T cells in JIA chronic inflammation, both at the transcriptome level via single-cell RNA sequencing and at the protein level by flow cytometry. We found that despite the heterogeneity in the composition of synovial CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, those characterized by PD-1 expression were clonally expanded tissue-resident memory (Trm)-like cells and displayed the highest proinflammatory capacity, suggesting their active contribution in sustaining chronic inflammation in situ. Our data support the concept that novel therapeutic strategies targeting PD-1 may be effective in the treatment of JIA. With this approach, it may become possible to target overactive T cells regardless of their cytokine production profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vanni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Alessio Mazzoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
- Flow Cytometry Diagnostic Center and Immunotherapy, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Roberto Semeraro
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Manuela Capone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Patrick Maschmeyer
- Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Giulia Lamacchia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Salvati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Alberto Carnasciali
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Parham Farahvachi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Filocamo
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano IT and University of Milan, Milan, Lombardy, Italy
| | - Micol Romano
- University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francesco Liotta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
- Immunology and Cell Therapy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Cosmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
- Immunoallergology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Rolando Cimaz
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Research Center for Adult and Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases, University of Milan, Milan, Lombardy, Italy
| | - Alberto Magi
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Laura Maggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Francesco Annunziato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
- Flow Cytometry Diagnostic Center and Immunotherapy, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
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Xia W, Zhang Y, Liu C, Guo Y, He Y, Shao J, Ran J. Quantitative T2 mapping magnetic resonance imaging of articular cartilage in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Eur J Radiol 2023; 160:110690. [PMID: 36680908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2023.110690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to analyze the microstructure changes of knee cartilage in Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients with active synovitis using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 mapping technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 23 JIA patients, who underwent bilateral knee joints by using a MR imaging protocol with the addition of a coronal T2 mapping. The femorotibial joint cartilage of participants was divided into eight subregions. Twenty-four (52.17%) of 46 joints (non-synovitis group), and twenty-two (47.83%) joint cases (active-synovitis group) were respectively calculated the T2 mean values for each subregion. Student's T test or Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine the statistical differences of each subregion in the non-synovitis and active-synovitis groups, which is also applied to define the distribution differences of cartilage subregion in femoral and tibial. RESULTS The T2 mean values of the superficial and deep zone of cartilage for active synovitis group were respectively higher than those for non-synovitis group (P < 0.05), except for the deep zone of cartilage in lateral tibial plateau (LTP) (P > 0.05). The mean T2 values of the deep zone in femoral cartilage for active synovitis group were significantly higher than that of tibial (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The finding of an increased average T2 values in active synovitis for JIA patients, especially in the deep cartilage of femoral condyle, which suggests that T2 values may reflect cartilage microstructure differences that occur in JIA. T2 mapping as an objective and quantitative method may allow for early detection of cartilage changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- Department of Radiology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Chanyuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Radiology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yonglong He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China.
| | - Jianbo Shao
- Department of Radiology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jun Ran
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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Synovial fibroblasts in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A scoping review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2023; 58:152159. [PMID: 36592581 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2022.152159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Synovial fibroblasts and their role in juvenile idiopathic arthritis have received limited attention compared to other immune mediated disease such as rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, no review exists regarding synovial fibroblasts, their interaction with immune cells and their potential involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis pathogenesis. This scoping review set out to identify and compile the current knowledge of all peer-reviewed studies on synovial fibroblasts from patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The aim was to map the current knowledge and to produce a tool to assist future studies. The entire MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were used to identify all published studies in English regarding synovial fibroblasts from patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. We identified 18 eligible studies out of a total of 1778 screened entries. The majority of studies identified synovial fibroblast subsets or functional characteristics that may be involved in disease pathogenesis. We identified mechanisms of cell-cell interaction with leukocytes, pro-inflammatory signaling and unfavorable connective tissue homeostasis that may contribute to cartilage damage or bony overgrowth. All included studies identified mechanisms potentially linking synovial fibroblasts to specific disease traits in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Most findings were similar to mechanisms also described in synovial fibroblast from adults with arthritis. However, the limited number of studies found identifies an unmet need for additional studies on synovial fibroblasts and their potential role in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
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Targeting immune checkpoints in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: accumulating evidence. Pediatr Res 2021; 90:720-721. [PMID: 34272492 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01650-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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