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Sharma R, Singh VJ, Chawla PA. Advancements in the Use of Platinum Complexes as Anticancer Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:821-835. [PMID: 34353272 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210805150705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The platinum (II) complexes as anticancer agents have been well explored for the development of novel analogs. Yet, none of them achieved clinical importance in oncology. At present, anticancer compounds containing platinum (II) complexes have been employed in the treatment of colorectal, lung, and genitourinary tumors. Among the platinum-based anticancer drugs, Cisplatin (cis-diamine dichloroplatinum (II), cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2]) is one of the most potent components of cancer chemotherapy. The nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and ototoxicity, and platinum compounds associated resistant cancer are some major disadvantages. OBJECTIVE With the rapidly growing interest in platinum (II) complexes in tumor chemotherapy, researchers have synthesized many new platinum analogs as anticancer agents that show better cytotoxicity, and less off-target effects with less cellular resistance. This follows the introduction of oxaliplatin, water-soluble carboplatin, multinuclear platinum and newly synthesized complexes, etc. Method: This review emphasizes recent advancements in drug design and development, the mechanism of platinum (II) complexes, their stereochemistry, current updates, and biomedical applications of platinum-based anticancer agents. CONCLUSION In the last few decades, the popularity of platinum complexes as potent anti-cancer agents has risen as scientists have synthesized many new platinum complexes that exhibit better cytotoxicity coupled with less off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CT University, Ludhiana. India
| | - Vikram Jeet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, G.T. Road, Moga-142 001, Punjab. India
| | - Pooja A Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab. India
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Alisufi N, Mansouri-Torshizi H. Preparation, characterization, DNA/BSA interaction and computational binding analyses of a dinuclear, biopotency Pd+2 coordinated with 1,4-phenylenediamine and ethylenediamine as ligands. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-02098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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3
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Cadmium(II) complexes of a hydrazone ligand: Synthesis, characterization, DNA binding, cyto- and genotoxicity studies. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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New mono- and dinuclear complexes of 7-azaindole-3-carboxaldehyde with palladium(II): crystal structure, IR and Raman spectra, DFT calculations and in vitro antiproliferative activity. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Hydrolysis of Methionine- and Histidine-Containing Peptides Promoted by Dinuclear Platinum(II) Complexes with Benzodiazines as Bridging Ligands: Influence of Ligand Structure on the Catalytic Ability of Platinum(II) Complexes. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2018; 2018:3294948. [PMID: 29853829 PMCID: PMC5967607 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3294948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dinuclear platinum(II) complexes, [{Pt(en)Cl}2(μ-qx)]Cl2·2H2O (1), [{Pt(en)Cl}2(μ-qz)](ClO4)2 (2), and [{Pt(en)Cl}2(μ-phtz)]Cl2·4H2O (3), were synthesized and characterized by different spectroscopic techniques. The crystal structure of 1 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, while the DFT M06-2X method was applied in order to optimize the structures of 1-3. The chlorido Pt(II) complexes 1-3 were converted into the corresponding aqua species 1a-3a, and their reactions with an equimolar amount of Ac-L-Met-Gly and Ac-L-His-Gly dipeptides were studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy in the pH range 2.0 < pH < 2.5 at 37°C. It was found that, in all investigated reactions with the Ac-L-Met-Gly dipeptide, the cleavage of the Met-Gly amide bond had occurred, but complexes 2a and 3a showed lower catalytic activity than 1a. However, in the reactions with Ac-L-His-Gly dipeptide, the hydrolysis of the amide bond involving the carboxylic group of histidine was observed only with complex 1a. The observed disparity in the catalytic activity of these complexes is thought to be due to different relative positioning of nitrogen atoms in the bridging qx, qz, and phtz ligands and consequent variation in the intramolecular separation of the two platinum(II) metal centers.
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Živković MD, Kljun J, Ilic-Tomic T, Pavic A, Veselinović A, Manojlović DD, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Turel I. A new class of platinum(ii) complexes with the phosphine ligand pta which show potent anticancer activity. Inorg Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qi00299h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of 16 Pt(ii) complexes with 8-hydroxyquinolines and sulfoxide/phosphine ligands were synthetized, characterized and evaluated for cytotoxic and embryotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. D. Živković
- University of Kragujevac
- Faculty of Medical Sciences
- Department of Pharmacy Svetozara Markovića 69
- 34000 Kragujevac
- Serbia
| | - J. Kljun
- University of Ljubljana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
- SI-1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - T. Ilic-Tomic
- University of Belgrade
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - A. Pavic
- University of Belgrade
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - A. Veselinović
- University of Niš
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Medicine
- 18000 Niš
- Serbia
| | - D. D. Manojlović
- University of Belgrade
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - J. Nikodinovic-Runic
- University of Belgrade
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - I. Turel
- University of Ljubljana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
- SI-1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
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Brabec V, Hrabina O, Kasparkova J. Cytotoxic platinum coordination compounds. DNA binding agents. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Tungsten hexachloride nanoparticles loaded on montmorillonite K-10: a novel solid acid catalyst in the synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical azines. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-016-0866-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Arun V, Sankaran K. Nafion coated TiO 2 and CuO doped TiO 2 modified glassy carbon and platinum electrodes: Preparation, characterization and application of enhancement of electrochemical sensitivity for azines. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Senerovic L, Zivkovic MD, Veselinovic A, Pavic A, Djuran MI, Rajkovic S, Nikodinovic-Runic J. Synthesis and evaluation of series of diazine-bridged dinuclear platinum(II) complexes through in vitro toxicity and molecular modeling: correlation between structure and activity of Pt(II) complexes. J Med Chem 2015; 58:1442-51. [PMID: 25551180 DOI: 10.1021/jm5017686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polynuclear Pt(II) complexes are a novel class of promising anticancer agents with potential clinical significance. A series of pyrazine (pz) bridged dinuclear Pt(II) complexes with general formulas {[Pt(L)Cl]2(μ-pz)}(2+) (L, ethylenediamine, en; (±)-1,2-propylenediamine, 1,2-pn; isobutylenediamine, ibn; trans-(±)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane, dach; 1,3-propylenediamine, 1,3-pd; 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propylenediamine, 2,2-diMe-1,3-pd) and one pyridazine (pydz) bridged {[Pt(en)Cl]2(μ-pydz)}(2+) complex were prepared. The anticancer potential of these complexes were determined through in vitro cytotoxicity assay in human fibroblasts (MRC5) and two carcinoma cell lines (A375 and HCT116), interaction with double stranded DNA through in vitro assay, and molecular docking study. All complexes inhibited cell proliferation with inhibitory concentrations in the 0.5-120 μM range. While {[Pt(1,3-pd)Cl]2(μ-pz)}(2+) showed improved activity and {[Pt(en)Cl]2(μ-pydz)}(2+) showed comparable activity to that of clinically relevant cisplatin, {[Pt(en)Cl]2(μ-pydz)}(2+) was less toxic in an assay with zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, causing no adverse developmental effects. The in vitro cytotoxicity of all diazine-bridged dinuclear Pt(II) complexes is discussed in correlation to their structural characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Senerovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade , Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Detailed mechanistic study on ligand substitution reactions in dinuclear platinum(II) complexes: effect of alkanediamine linker. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-014-9815-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ongoma PO, Jaganyi D. Bridge-Splitting Reactions of Platinum(II) Complexes with Parametalated Pyridine Spacer Groups: A Kinetic and Mechanistic Study. INT J CHEM KINET 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter O. Ongoma
- School of Chemistry and Physics; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Pietermaritzburg 3209 South Africa
| | - Deogratius Jaganyi
- School of Chemistry and Physics; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Pietermaritzburg 3209 South Africa
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Substitution reactions in dinuclear platinum(II) complexes: an evaluation of the influence of the diazine-bridging ligand on reactivity. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-013-9726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ongoma PO, Jaganyi D. Mechanistic elucidation of linker and ancillary ligand substitution reactions in Pt(ii) dinuclear complexes. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:2724-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31956j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Olivova R, Stepankova J, Muchova T, Novohradsky V, Novakova O, Vrana O, Kasparkova J, Brabec V. Mechanistic insights into toxic effects of a benzotriazolate-bridged dinuclear platinum(II) compound in tumor cells. Inorganica Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Piccinonna S, Margiotta N, Pacifico C, Lopalco A, Denora N, Fedi S, Corsini M, Natile G. Dinuclear Pt(II)-bisphosphonate complexes: a scaffold for multinuclear or different oxidation state platinum drugs. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:9689-99. [PMID: 22782180 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30712j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Geminal bisphosphonates (BPs), used in the clinic for the treatment of hypercalcaemia and skeletal metastases, have been also exploited for promoting the specific accumulation of platinum antitumor drugs in bone tissue. In this work, the platinum dinuclear complex [{Pt(en)}(2)(μ-AHBP-H(2))](+) (1) (the carbon atom bridging the two phosphorous atoms carrying a 2-ammonioethyl and a hydroxyl group, AHBP-H(2)) has been used as scaffold for the synthesis of a Pt(II) trinuclear complex, [{Pt(en)}(3)(μ-AHBP)](+) (2), and a Pt(IV) adamantane-shaped dinuclear complex featuring an oxo-bridge, [{Pt(IV)(en)Cl}(2)(μ-O)(μ-AHBP-H(2))](+) (3) (X-ray structure). Compound 2 undergoes a reversible, pH dependent, rearrangement with a neat switch point around pH = 5.4. Compound 3 undergoes a one-step electrochemical reduction at E(pc) = -0.84 V affording compound 1. Such a potential is far lower than that of glutathione (-0.24 V), nevertheless compound 3 can undergo chemical reduction to 1 by GSH, most probably through a different (inner-sphere) mechanism. In vitro cytotoxicity of the new compounds, tested against murine glioma (C6) and human cervix (HeLa) and hepatoma (HepG2) cell lines, has shown that, while the Pt(IV) dimer 3 is inactive up to a concentration of 50 μM, the two Pt(II) polynuclear compounds 1 and 2 have a cytotoxicity comparable to that of cisplatin with the trinuclear complex 2 generally more active than the dinuclear complex 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Piccinonna
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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Wang H, Yonker NJD, Gao H, Tan C, Zhang X, Ji L, Zhao C, Mao ZW. Aquation and dimerization of osmium(ii) anticancer complexes: a density functional theory study. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra00604e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Mambanda A, Jaganyi D. A kinetics and mechanistic study on the role of the structural rigidity of the linker on the substitution reactions of chelated dinuclear Pt(ii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:908-20. [PMID: 22095243 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11516b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allen Mambanda
- School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
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Reddy D, Jaganyi D. Influence of the bridging azine ligand on the rate of ligand substitution in a series of dinuclear platinum(II) complexes. INT J CHEM KINET 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Marqués-Gallego P, Gamiz-Gonzalez MA, Fortea-Pérez FR, Lutz M, Spek AL, Pevec A, Kozlevčar B, Reedijk J. Quinoxaline-2-carboxamide as a carrier ligand in two new platinum(ii) compounds: Synthesis, crystal structure, cytotoxic activity and DNA interaction. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:5152-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c001158d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Mambanda A, Jaganyi D, Hochreuther S, van Eldik R. Tuning the reactivity of chelated dinuclear Pt(ii) complexes through a flexible diamine linker. A detailed kinetic and mechanistic study. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:3595-608. [DOI: 10.1039/b921687a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Synthesis, characterization and crystal structure of a novel thiazoline/thiazolidine azine ligand and its nickel, copper and zinc complexes. Polyhedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2009.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Reedijk J. Platinum Anticancer Coordination Compounds: Study of DNA Binding Inspires New Drug Design. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Reedijk
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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A coordination polymer formed by cis-[(PMePh2)2Pt(NO3)2] and 2,5-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole. Inorganica Chim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2008.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Wang X, Guo Z. Towards the rational design of platinum(ii) and gold(iii) complexes as antitumour agents. Dalton Trans 2008:1521-32. [DOI: 10.1039/b715903j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Wang QX, Jiao K, Sun W, Jian FF, Hu X. Binding of an Oxo-Bridged Dinuclear Iron(III) Complex{[Fe(phen)(H2O)3]2O}(SO4)2 to DNA and Its Recognition of Single- and Double-Stranded DNA As Determined by Electrochemical Studies. Eur J Inorg Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200500829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Jamali S, Nabavizadeh SM, Rashidi M. Oxidative Addition of Methyl Iodide to a New Type of Binuclear Platinum(II) Complex: a Kinetic Study. Inorg Chem 2005; 44:8594-601. [PMID: 16271001 DOI: 10.1021/ic0511064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new organodiplatinum(II) complex cis,cis-[Me2Pt(mu-NN)(mu-dppm)PtMe2] (1), in which NN = phthalazine and dppm = bis(diphenylphosphino)methane, is synthesized by the reaction of cis,cis-[Me2Pt(mu-SMe2)(mu-dppm)PtMe2] with 1 equiv of NN. Complex 1 has a 5d(pi)(Pt) --> pi(imine) metal-to-ligand charge-transfer band in the visible region, which was used to easily follow the kinetics of its reaction with MeI. Meanwhile, the complex contains a robust bridging dppm ligand that holds the binuclear integrity during the reaction. A double MeI oxidative addition was observed, as shown by spectrophotometry and confirmed by a low-temperature 31P NMR study. The classical S(N)2 mechanism was suggested for both steps, and the involved intermediates were suggested. Consistent with the proposed mechanism, the rates of the reactions at different temperatures were slower in benzene than in acetone and large negative deltaS values were found in each step. However, some abnormalities were observed in the related rate constants and deltaS values, which were demonstrated to be due to the associative involvement of the polar acetone molecules in the reactions. The rates are almost 6 times slower in the second step as compared to the first step because of the electronic effects transmitted through the ligands and the steric effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirous Jamali
- Chemistry Department, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75168, Iran
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