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Bouzineb Y, Fitri A, Benjelloun AT, Benzakour M, Mcharfi M, Bouachrine M. Theoretical investigation of the effect of changing the auxiliary acceptor on the performance of organic D-A'-A dyes used as sensitizers in DSSCs. J Mol Model 2023; 29:365. [PMID: 37946060 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have displayed huge potential in inexpensive, efficient, and clean solar energy technology. In this work, seven new dyes with the structure D-A'-A were designed in which the thiophene in the reference dye was replaced by auxiliary acceptors (A'). These dyes consist mainly of a pyranylidene-based electron donor D and the cyanoacrylic acid moiety as acceptor A. A computational investigation was carried out on the effect of various auxiliary acceptors A' on the efficiency of D-A'-A dyes in isolation and after binding to the semiconductor TiO2. Optimized structures, geometrical, optoelectronic, and photovoltaic parameters were calculated to predict promising dyes for potential use as solar cell sensitizers, including band gap (Egap), natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, nonlinear optical properties (NLO), UV-Vis absorption spectra, maximum absorption wavelength (λmax), reorganization energy (λtotal), light-harvesting efficiency (LHE), electron injection driving force (ΔGinject) and open-circuit photovoltage (VOC). The results of this study revealed that all designed dyes, compared to the reference dye, are characterized by small Egap and λtotal values as well as large λmax, in addition to significant NLO properties and large adsorption energy (Eads). Therefore, all studied dyes can be used as sensitizers in DSSC. METHODS Using Density Functional Theory (DFT) approaches with the B3LYP functional and the 6-31G(d,p) basis set, all ground state geometries of the isolated dyes were fully optimized. Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) method using the CAM-B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)/IEF-PCM level was applied to simulate the UV-visible absorption properties. All isolated dye calculations were performed using the Gaussian 09 software package. DFT calculations have been carried out with the DMol3 package included in Materials Studio for simulating the adsorption of the investigated dyestuff on the TiO2 surface of anatase (101), using the generalized gradient corrected approximation (GGA) approach of the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functional with the basic set of digital double polarisation (DNP). To study the optical performance of dye@TiO2 the PBE/DNP method present in DMol3 was applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassir Bouzineb
- LIMAS, Faculty of Sciences Dhar el Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Asmae Fitri
- LIMAS, Faculty of Sciences Dhar el Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Adil Touimi Benjelloun
- LIMAS, Faculty of Sciences Dhar el Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Benzakour
- LIMAS, Faculty of Sciences Dhar el Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Mcharfi
- LIMAS, Faculty of Sciences Dhar el Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
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Gauthier S, Porter A, Achelle S, Roisnel T, Dorcet V, Barsella A, Le Poul N, Guevara Level P, Jacquemin D, Robin-Le Guen F. Mono- and Diplatinum Polyynediyl Complexes as Potential Push–Pull Chromophores: Synthesis, Characterization, TD-DFT Modeling, and Photophysical and NLO Properties. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Gauthier
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Ariel Porter
- Center of Natural Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Nunn Drive, Highland Heights, Kentucky 41099, United States
| | - Sylvain Achelle
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Alberto Barsella
- Département d’Optique ultra-rapide et Nanophotonique, IPCMS-CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Nicolas Le Poul
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Électrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique, UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, CS
93837, F-29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Patricia Guevara Level
- Laboratoire CEISAM-UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Laboratoire CEISAM-UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Françoise Robin-Le Guen
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
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Durand RJ, Gauthier S, Achelle S, Groizard T, Kahlal S, Saillard JY, Barsella A, Le Poul N, Le Guen FR. Push-pull D-π-Ru-π-A chromophores: synthesis and electrochemical, photophysical and second-order nonlinear optical properties. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:3965-3975. [PMID: 29464264 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00093j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present work describes the one-pot synthesis and electrochemical, photophysical and second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of a series of dipolar π-delocalized Ru(ii) dialkynyl complexes. The eight new asymmetrical D-π-Ru-π-A push-pull chromophores incorporate pyranylidene ligands as pro-aromatic donor groups (D) and formaldehyde, indane-1,3-dione, pyrimidine or pyrimidinium as electron-attracting groups (A) separated by ruthenium bis-acetylide fragments and π-conjugated linkers. The second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of all eight complexes were determined by the Electric-Field-Induced Second Harmonic generation (EFISH) technique (operating at 1907 nm), and were compared to those of their purely organic analogs. All investigated compounds (organic and organometallic) exhibited positive μβ values, which dramatically increased for the complexes due to the presence of ruthenium in the π-conjugated core. The second-order NLO response could also be easily modulated by changing the nature of alkynyl substituents. The most promising ruthenium complexes 7 and 8 of the series with the pyrimidinium fragment displayed μβ values of 14 000 × 10-48 esu. The effect of structural modifications on the redox and spectroscopic properties of the complexes was also studied. The intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) occurring through the ruthenium center of the push-pull σ-dialkynyl complexes was investigated by combining experimental and theoretical data.
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Durand RJ, Gauthier S, Achelle S, Kahlal S, Saillard JY, Barsella A, Wojcik L, Le Poul N, Robin-Le Guen F. Incorporation of a platinum center in the pi-conjugated core of push-pull chromophores for nonlinear optics (NLO). Dalton Trans 2018; 46:3059-3069. [PMID: 28217794 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00252a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we describe the synthesis, redox characteristics, and linear and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of seven new unsymmetrical push-pull diacetylide platinum-based complexes. These D-π-Pt-π-A complexes incorporate pyranylidene ligands as pro-aromatic donor groups (D), diazine rings as electron-withdrawing groups (A), and various aromatic fragments (styryl or thienylvinyl) as π-linkers separating the platinum diacetylide unit from the donor and the acceptor groups. This is one of the first examples of push-pull chromophores incorporating a platinum center in the π-conjugated core. The NLO properties of these complexes were compared with those of their purely organic analogues. All compounds (organic and organometallic) exhibited positive μβ values, which dramatically increased upon methylation of the pyrimidine fragment. However, this increase was even more significant in the complexes due to the presence of platinum in the π-conjugated core. The effects of the linker on the redox and spectroscopic properties of the complexes are also discussed. In addition, DFT calculations were performed in order to gain further insight into the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) occurring through the platinum center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël J Durand
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, IUT de Lannion, rue Edouard Branly, BP 30219, F-22302 Lannion Cedex, France.
| | - Sébastien Gauthier
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, IUT de Lannion, rue Edouard Branly, BP 30219, F-22302 Lannion Cedex, France.
| | - Sylvain Achelle
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, IUT de Lannion, rue Edouard Branly, BP 30219, F-22302 Lannion Cedex, France.
| | - Samia Kahlal
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 av. Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Yves Saillard
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 av. Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Alberto Barsella
- Département d'Optique ultra-rapide et Nanophotonique, IPCMS-CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Laurianne Wojcik
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Électrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique, UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu - CS 93837, F-29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Nicolas Le Poul
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Électrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique, UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu - CS 93837, F-29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Françoise Robin-Le Guen
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, IUT de Lannion, rue Edouard Branly, BP 30219, F-22302 Lannion Cedex, France.
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Ferreira E, Le Poul P, Cabon N, Caro B, Robin-Le Guen F, Pellegrin Y, Planchat A, Odobel F. New D-π-A-conjugated organic sensitizers based on α-pyranylidene donors for dye-sensitized solar cells. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.01.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Moreno-Yruela C, Garín J, Orduna J, Franco S, Quintero E, López Navarrete JT, Diosdado BE, Villacampa B, Casado J, Andreu R. D−π–A Compounds with Tunable Intramolecular Charge Transfer Achieved by Incorporation of Butenolide Nitriles as Acceptor Moieties. J Org Chem 2015; 80:12115-28. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Estefanía Quintero
- Departamento
de Química Física, Universidad de Málaga, Campus
de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan T. López Navarrete
- Departamento
de Química Física, Universidad de Málaga, Campus
de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Beatriz E. Diosdado
- Servicio
de Rayos X y Análisis por Fluorescencia, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Juan Casado
- Departamento
de Química Física, Universidad de Málaga, Campus
de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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7
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Achelle S, Kahlal S, Saillard JY, Cabon N, Caro B, Robin-le Guen F. Dipolar and V-shaped structures incorporating methylenepyran and diazine fragments. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Methylenepyran based dipolar and quadrupolar dyes: synthesis, electrochemical and photochemical properties. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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9
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Achelle S, Malval J, Aloïse S, Barsella A, Spangenberg A, Mager L, Akdas‐Kilig H, Fillaut J, Caro B, Robin‐le Guen F. Synthesis, Photophysics and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Stilbenoid Pyrimidine‐Based Dyes Bearing Methylenepyran Donor Groups. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:2725-36. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Achelle
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, IUT de Lannion rue Edouard Branly, BP 30219, 22302 Lannion Cedex (France)
| | - Jean‐Pierre Malval
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, UMR CNRS 7361, Université de Haute‐Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky ,68057 Mulhouse (France)
| | - Stéphane Aloïse
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, UMR CNRS 8516, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex (France)
| | - Alberto Barsella
- Département d'Optique ultra‐rapide et Nanophotonique, IPCMS‐CNRS 23 Rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 (France)
| | - Arnaud Spangenberg
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, UMR CNRS 7361, Université de Haute‐Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky ,68057 Mulhouse (France)
| | - Loic Mager
- Département d'Optique ultra‐rapide et Nanophotonique, IPCMS‐CNRS 23 Rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 (France)
| | - Huriye Akdas‐Kilig
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR CNRS 6226, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 av. du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes (France)
| | - Jean‐Luc Fillaut
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR CNRS 6226, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 av. du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes (France)
| | - Bertrand Caro
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, IUT de Lannion rue Edouard Branly, BP 30219, 22302 Lannion Cedex (France)
| | - Françoise Robin‐le Guen
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, IUT de Lannion rue Edouard Branly, BP 30219, 22302 Lannion Cedex (France)
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10
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Ba F, Cabon N, Le Poul P, Kahlal S, Saillard JY, Le Poul N, Golhen S, Caro B, Robin-Le Guen F. Diferrocenylpyrylium salts and electron rich bispyran from oxidative coupling of ferrocenylpyran. Example of redox systems switched by proton transfer. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj41126e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Martínez de Baroja N, Garín J, Orduna J, Andreu R, Blesa MJ, Villacampa B, Alicante R, Franco S. Synthesis, Characterization, and Optical Properties of 4H-Pyran-4-ylidene Donor-Based Chromophores: The Relevance of the Location of a Thiophene Ring in the Spacer. J Org Chem 2012; 77:4634-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jo300373m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Martínez de Baroja
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica and ‡Departamento de Física de
la Materia Condensada, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Garín
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica and ‡Departamento de Física de
la Materia Condensada, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Orduna
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica and ‡Departamento de Física de
la Materia Condensada, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Andreu
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica and ‡Departamento de Física de
la Materia Condensada, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Jesús Blesa
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica and ‡Departamento de Física de
la Materia Condensada, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Belén Villacampa
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica and ‡Departamento de Física de
la Materia Condensada, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Alicante
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica and ‡Departamento de Física de
la Materia Condensada, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Santiago Franco
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica and ‡Departamento de Física de
la Materia Condensada, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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12
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Andreu R, Galán E, Garín J, Herrero V, Lacarra E, Orduna J, Alicante R, Villacampa B. Linear and V-shaped nonlinear optical chromophores with multiple 4H-pyran-4-ylidene moieties. J Org Chem 2010; 75:1684-92. [PMID: 20112980 DOI: 10.1021/jo902670z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A simple synthesis of dipolar one- and two-dimensional chromophores bearing two or three 4H-pyran-4-ylidene moieties is reported. Whereas the pyranylidene fragments acting as donors are proaromatic, the spacer one is not. In the linear derivatives, chain elongation gives rise to a sharp increase in the second order nonlinear optical responses, but some V-shaped derivatives display first hyperpolarizabilities (beta) lower than those of their linear analogues. This uncommon feature lends experimental support to previous theoretical studies on the relative contribution and sign of the beta-tensor components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Andreu
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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13
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Methylenepyran unsaturated Fischer carbene complexes from γ-methylpyrylium salts and alkynylcarbenes. Evolution to spiro-pyran-cyclopentenone compounds. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Andreu R, Carrasquer L, Franco S, Garín J, Orduna J, Martínez de Baroja N, Alicante R, Villacampa B, Allain M. 4H-Pyran-4-ylidenes: strong proaromatic donors for organic nonlinear optical chromophores. J Org Chem 2009; 74:6647-57. [PMID: 19655768 DOI: 10.1021/jo901142f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Merocyanines where a polyenic spacer separates a 4H-pyran-4-ylidene moiety and different strong organic acceptors have been synthesized. According to NMR studies and X-ray diffraction data, these compounds have weakly alternated structures and remarkably zwitterionic ground states, with a partial aromatic character that is compared to those of other pyran derivatives. The proaromaticity of the 4H-pyran-4-ylidene donor lies behind the cyanine-like behavior and low (positive or negative) second-order optical nonlinearities of the shorter derivatives. On the other hand, lengthening the pi-spacer gives rise to rapidly increasing mubeta(1907) values up to 17,400 x 10(-48) esu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Andreu
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Wang Q, Liu L, Lin C, Sun H, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Hydride-induced cleavage of C–O bond in pyran ring of 2-pyranylidene carbene complexes: mechanism and synthetic application. Dalton Trans 2009:10433-5. [DOI: 10.1039/b918679b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Synthesis by self-assembly and structural characterization of a new co-crystal system {[Cu(NO3)2(H2O)2]L1(NO3)2} (L1 = 1,1′-dibenzyl-3,3′-butyl-diimidazolium-2,2′-diylidene) from copper nitrate and a carbene precursor. OPEN CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-008-0062-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHerein, the first example of a co-crystal system formed by an imidazolium nitrate, a carbene precursor, and copper (II) nitrate, {[Cu(NO3)2(H2O)2]L1(NO3)2} (1) (L1 = 1,1′-dibenzyl-3,3′-butyl-diimidazolium-2,2′-diylidene) is reported. These two building blocks are connected in the solid state through hydrogen bonds to generate a three-dimensional supramolecular network.
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17
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Faux N, Robin-Le Guen F, Le Poul P, Caro B, Le Poul N, Le Mest Y, Green SJ, Le Roux S, Kahlal S, Saillard JY. Synthesis of bis-2H and 4H-chalcogenapyrans and benzochalcogenapyrans via Pd0 catalyzed dimerization of Fischer type carbene complexes: redox properties and electronic structure of these new extended electron rich molecules. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.04.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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