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Roca Jungfer M, Abram U. [Tc(OH 2)(CO) 3(PPh 3) 2] +: A Synthon for Tc(I) Complexes and Its Reactions with Neutral Ligands. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16734-16753. [PMID: 34657434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A scalable synthesis of the novel and highly reactive [Tc(OH2)(CO)3(PPh3)2]+ cation is described. The ligand-exchange chemistry of this compound with neutral ligands coordinating through C, N, O, S, Se, and Te has been explored systematically. The complexes either retain the original mer-trans tricarbonyl core under exclusive exchange of the aqua ligand or form dicarbonyl complexes by thermal decarbonylation. Ligand exchange reactions starting from [Tc(OH2)(CO)3(PPh3)2]+ proceed under mild conditions and are generally almost quantitative. Some of the formed complexes are remarkably stable and inert, while others provide products with one labile ligand for further reactions. The derived complexes of the type [Tc(L)(CO)3(PPh3)2]+ and [Tc(L)2(CO)2(PPh3)2]+ represent an interesting opportunity for the development of 99mTc complexes with potential use in radiopharmacy. The ready displacement of the aqua ligand highlights the synthetic value of [Tc(OH2)(CO)3(PPh3)2]+ as a reactive entry point for further studies in the little explored field of the organometallic chemistry of technetium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Roca Jungfer
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Abram
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Li B, Hildebrandt S, Hagenbach A, Abram U. Tricarbonylrhenium(I) and ‐technetium(I) Complexes with Tris(1,2,3‐triazolyl)phosphine Oxides. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Sarah Hildebrandt
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Adelheid Hagenbach
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Ulrich Abram
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
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Sarathkumar S, Kavala V, Yao CF. A Water-Soluble Rhenium(I) Catalyst for the Regio- and Stereoselective C(sp 2)-H Alkenylation of N-Pyridyl-/ N-Pyrimidylindole and the N-H Alkenylation of N-Pyrimidylaniline Derivatives with Ynamides. Org Lett 2021; 23:1960-1965. [PMID: 33523663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A water-soluble and low-valent rhenium(I) catalyst for the C2 alkenylation of N-pyridyl/N-pyrimidylindole derivatives with ynamides under mild conditions using water as the solvent has been described. The reaction of N-pyridyl/N-pyrimidyl indole with the ynamide afforded the C2-Z-selective alkenylation derivative as the sole product, and the reactions of N-pyrimidylanilines delivered the corresponding N-alkenylated product rather than the expected C-H alkenylation products in high yields under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundaramoorthi Sarathkumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No-88, Sec.4, Ting- Zhou Road, Taipei 11677, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Veerababurao Kavala
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No-88, Sec.4, Ting- Zhou Road, Taipei 11677, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Ching-Fa Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No-88, Sec.4, Ting- Zhou Road, Taipei 11677, Taiwan R.O.C
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Miroslavov AE, Sidorenko GV, Tyupina MY, Gurzhiy VV. [Re(CO)3(bipy)(ClO4)]: Synthesis in a Proton-Donor Solvent, Crystal, and Molecular Structure. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363220120178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Gantsho VL, Dotou M, Jakubaszek M, Goud B, Gasser G, Visser HG, Schutte-Smith M. Synthesis, characterization, kinetic investigation and biological evaluation of Re(i) di- and tricarbonyl complexes with tertiary phosphine ligands. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:35-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04025k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Kinetics of Re(i) complexes illustrated the ability to ‘tune’ the metal centre; phosphine-based complexes were more stable and more cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mazzarine Dotou
- Chimie ParisTech
- PSL University
- CNRS
- Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences
- Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology
| | - Marta Jakubaszek
- Chimie ParisTech
- PSL University
- CNRS
- Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences
- Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology
| | - Bruno Goud
- Institut Curie
- PSL University
- CNRS UMR 144
- Paris
- France
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech
- PSL University
- CNRS
- Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences
- Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology
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6
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Crandall LA, Bogdanowicz CA, Hasheminasab A, Chanawanno K, Herrick RS, Ziegler CJ. Re(CO)3-Templated Formation of Aza(dibenzo)dipyrromethenes. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:3209-11. [PMID: 26998738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Crandall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3601, United States
| | - Catherine A. Bogdanowicz
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, United States
| | - Abed Hasheminasab
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3601, United States
| | - Kullapa Chanawanno
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3601, United States
| | - Richard S. Herrick
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, United States
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7
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Structural and photophysical properties of [(CO)3(phen)Re(μ-Br)Re(phen)(CO)3]+[(CO)3Re(μ-Br)3Re(CO)3]−: Where does its luminescence come from? Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Herrick RS, Ziegler CJ, Kennedy KL, Luu C, Engle JT. Synthesis of C2 -Symmetric Dimeric Re(I) Peptide Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013; 2013:1265-1268. [PMID: 23956684 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201201444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of [Re(CO)3(H2O)3]Br or Re(CO)5Cl with two peptides, glycylglycine or glycylalanine, were investigated. Each reaction produced a unique, well-defined product. Structural elucidation showed the formation of chiral compounds with the formula [Re(CO)3(Gly-Xxx-O)]2, Xxx = Gly 1, Ala 2. Each dimer displays C2 -symmetry and a nearly rectangular shape. The ligands are bound via the amine and amide carbonyl at a rhenium center and via the pendant carboxylate to the adjacent rhenium center. Both products are fully characterized, via X-ray structure elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Herrick
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA 01610
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Schutte M, Roodt A, Visser HG. Coordinated Aqua vs Methanol Substitution Kinetics in fac-Re(I) Tricarbonyl Tropolonato Complexes. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:11996-2006. [PMID: 23088314 DOI: 10.1021/ic301891u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marietjie Schutte
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South
Africa
| | - Andreas Roodt
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South
Africa
| | - Hendrik G. Visser
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South
Africa
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Herrick RS, Ziegler CJ, Lopez J, Barone NV, Gambella A, Masi C. Complexes formed from reactions of Re(CO)3(H2O)3+ with amines used for biological buffering. J Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Schutte M, Kemp G, Visser HG, Roodt A. Tuning the reactivity in classic low-spin d6 rhenium(I) tricarbonyl radiopharmaceutical synthon by selective bidentate ligand variation (L,L'-Bid; L,L'= N,N', N,O, and O,O' donor atom sets) in fac-[Re(CO)3(L,L'-Bid)(MeOH)]n complexes. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:12486-98. [PMID: 22111710 DOI: 10.1021/ic2013792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A range of fac-[Re(CO)(3)(L,L'-Bid)(H(2)O)](n) (L,L'-Bid = neutral or monoanionic bidentate ligands with varied L,L' donor atoms, N,N', N,O, or O,O': 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2'-bipydine, 2-picolinate, 2-quinolinate, 2,4-dipicolinate, 2,4-diquinolinate, tribromotropolonate, and hydroxyflavonate; n = 0, +1) has been synthesized and the aqua/methanol substitution has been investigated. The complexes were characterized by UV-vis, IR and NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallographic studies of the compounds fac-[Re(CO)(3)(Phen)(H(2)O)]NO(3)·0.5Phen, fac-[Re(CO)(3)(2,4-dQuinH)(H(2)O)]·H(2)O, fac-[Re(CO)(3)(2,4-dQuinH)Py]Py, and fac-[Re(CO)(3)(Flav)(CH(3)OH)]·CH(3)OH are reported. A four order-of-magnitude of activation for the methanol substitution is induced as manifested by the second order rate constants with (N,N'-Bid) < (N,O-Bid) < (O,O'-Bid). Forward and reverse rate and stability constants from slow and stopped-flow UV/vis measurements (k(1), M(-1) s(-1); k(-1), s(-1); K(1), M(-1)) for bromide anions as entering nucleophile are as follows: fac-[Re(CO)(3)(Phen)(MeOH)](+) (50 ± 3) × 10(-3), (5.9 ± 0.3) × 10(-4), 84 ± 7; fac-[Re(CO)(3)(2,4-dPicoH)(MeOH)] (15.7 ± 0.2) × 10(-3), (6.3 ± 0.8) × 10(-4), 25 ± 3; fac-[Re(CO)(3)(TropBr(3))(MeOH)] (7.06 ± 0.04) × 10(-2), (4 ± 1) × 10(-3), 18 ± 4; fac-[Re(CO)(3)(Flav)(MeOH)] 7.2 ± 0.3, 3.17 ± 0.09, 2.5 ± 2. Activation parameters (ΔH(k1)(++), kJmol(-1); ΔS(k1)(), J K(-1) mol(-1)) from Eyring plots for entering nucleophiles as indicated are as follows: fac-[Re(CO)(3)(Phen)(MeOH)](+) iodide 70 ± 1, -35 ± 3; fac-[Re(CO)(3)(2,4-dPico)(MeOH)] bromide 80.8 ± 6, -8 ± 2; fac-[Re(CO)(3)(Flav)(MeOH)] bromide 52 ± 5, -52 ± 15. A dissociative interchange mechanism is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietjie Schutte
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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12
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Binkley SL, Leeper TC, Rowlett RS, Herrick RS, Ziegler CJ. Re(CO)(3)(H(2)O)(3)(+) binding to lysozyme: structure and reactivity. Metallomics 2011; 3:909-16. [PMID: 21805003 DOI: 10.1039/c1mt00065a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of Re(CO)(3)(H(2)O)(3)(+) with hen egg white lysozyme in aqueous solution results in a single covalent adduct. Both NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction show that the rhenium tricarbonyl cation binds to His15 via replacement of one of the coordinated water molecules. The formation of this adduct does not greatly affect the structure of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Binkley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3601, USA
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13
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Herrick RS, Ziegler CJ, Gambella A. Reactions of [Re(CO)3]+ with Histidylhistidine and Modified Histidines. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Robenstine S, Barone NV, Underwood AC, Milsted A, Franklin BR, Herrick RS, Ziegler CJ. The synthesis and toxicity of tripodal tricarbonyl rhenium complexes as radiopharmaceutical models. J Inorg Biochem 2010; 104:632-8. [PMID: 20362340 PMCID: PMC3520515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and toxicity of a series of rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes incorporating the trisaminomethylethane (TAME) ligand. Compounds with the (TAME)Re(CO)(3)(+) cation were synthesized via several routes, including by use of Re(CO)(5)X precursors as well as the aqueous cation Re(CO)(3)(H(2)O)(3)(+). Salts of the formula [(TAME)Re(CO)(3)]X where X=Br(-), Cl(-), NO(3)(-), PF(6)(-) and ClO(4)(-) were evaluated using two cell lines: the monoclonal S3 HeLa line and a vascular smooth muscle cell line harvested from mice. All compounds have isostructural cations and differ only in the identity of the non-coordinating anion. None of the complexes exhibited any appreciable toxicity in the HeLa line up to the solubility limit. In the vascular smooth muscle cell line, the bromide salt exhibited some cytotoxicity, but this observation most likely results from the presence of bromide anion, which has been shown to have limited toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Robenstine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3601, USA
| | - Natalie V. Barone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3601, USA
| | - Adam C. Underwood
- Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3601, USA
- Division of Mathematics and Sciences, Walsh University, North Canton, Ohio 44720, USA
| | - Amy Milsted
- Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3601, USA
| | - Brenton R. Franklin
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA 01610, USA
| | - Richard S. Herrick
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA 01610, USA
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15
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Binkley SL, Ziegler CJ, Herrick RS, Rowlett RS. Specific derivatization of lysozyme in aqueous solution with Re(CO)3(H2O)3(+). Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:1203-5. [PMID: 20449250 DOI: 10.1039/b923688k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of Re(CO)(3)(H(2)O)(3)(+) with hen egg lysozyme in aqueous solution results in a single covalent adduct; single crystal X-ray diffraction shows that the rhenium tricarbonyl cation binds to His15 in two significantly populated rotamer conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Binkley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3601, USA
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16
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Preparation and characterization of rhenium (I) tricarbonyl dithiocarbamate compounds; Re(CO)3(S2CNMe2)(L). J Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2009.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Zobi F. Parametrization of the Contribution of Mono- and Bidentate Ligands on the Symmetric C≡O Stretching Frequency of fac-[Re(CO)3]+ Complexes. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:10845-55. [DOI: 10.1021/ic901223t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Zobi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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18
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Costa R, Barone N, Gorczycka C, Powers EF, Cupelo W, Lopez J, Herrick RS, Ziegler CJ. Dioxime and pyridine-2-aldoxime complexes of. J Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2009.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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Alberto R. The Chemistry of Technetium–Water Complexes within the Manganese Triad: Challenges and Perspectives. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200800909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Alberto
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Herrick RS, Ziegler CJ, Jameson DL, Aquina C, Cetin A, Franklin BR, Condon LR, Barone N, Lopez J. Rhenium(I) compounds bound by tripodal ligands of pyridine and N-methylimidazole. Dalton Trans 2008:3605-9. [PMID: 18594710 DOI: 10.1039/b802170h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of Re(CO)(5)Br with tris(2-pyridyl)methanol (tpmOH) leads to unexpectedly complex chemistry with three new compounds forming instead of a single product. In compound 1, the tpmOH ligand binds to the metal in the N,N',N''-mode; 2 has tpmO(-) bound in the N,N',O-mode; while 3 is a dimer with the tpmO(-) ligand utilizing each of the four donor atoms to bridge the two metal centers. The analogous methyl ether ligands, tris(2-pyridyl)methoxymethane (tpmOMe) or tris[2-(l-methylimidazolyl)]methoxymethane (timmOMe), each yielded a single product, 4 and 5, respectively, bound in the N,N',N''-mode, and are new leads for potential radiotherapeutic agents. All compounds have been structurally characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Herrick
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA 01610, USA.
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Franklin BR, Herrick RS, Ziegler CJ, Cetin A, Barone N, Condon LR. Reactions of the Re(CO)3(H2O)3(+) synthon with monodentate ligands under aqueous conditions. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:5902-9. [PMID: 18510286 DOI: 10.1021/ic800363w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of ammonia, pyridine (py), N-methyl imidazole (N-MeIm), tetrahydrothiophene (tht), and piperidine (pip) with Re(CO) 3(H 2O) 3 (+), 1 ( + ), were investigated employing aqueous conditions under atmospheric dioxygen. The reaction of [ 1]Br in aqueous ammonia led to [Re(CO) 3(NH 3) 3]Br ([ 2]Br) as the only product isolated. For the aqueous reactions of [ 1]Br with py, N-MeIm, and tht, mixtures of products are formed because of competition between the bromide and added ligand, even when the ligand is present in excess. Substitution of the PF 6 (-) anion for Br (-) leads to the clean formation of [Re(CO) 3L 3][PF 6] ([ 3][PF 6]-[ 5][PF 6]) for py, N-MeIm, and tht, respectively, as the only products observed. Reaction of [ 1][PF 6] with pip produces the dimeric species, (pip)(CO) 3Re(micro-OH) 2Re(CO) 3(pip), 6. Reactions of [ 1]Br were also performed in methanol for comparison purposes. The reaction with pip in this solvent led to the analogous dimer, (pip)(CO) 3Re(micro-OMe) 2Re(CO) 3(pip), 7; however, reactions with py, N-MeIm, and tht gave Re(CO) 3L 2Br, 8- 10, respectively, as the only products. The crystal structures of compounds [ 2]Br- 10 are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenton R Franklin
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, USA
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