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Abstract
The number of rare earth (RE) starting materials used in synthesis is staggering, ranging from simple binary metal-halide salts to borohydrides and "designer reagents" such as alkyl and organoaluminate complexes. This review collates the most important starting materials used in RE synthetic chemistry, including essential information on their preparations and uses in modern synthetic methodologies. The review is divided by starting material category and supporting ligands (i.e., metals as synthetic precursors, halides, borohydrides, nitrogen donors, oxygen donors, triflates, and organometallic reagents), and in each section relevant synthetic methodologies and applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Ortu
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, U.K.
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2
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Aldabbagh AK, Takjoo R, Najafi A, Guo Z, Hossain ME, Rad NE, Wang J, Junk PC. Syntheses and structural characterisation of some heteroleptic aluminium(III) formamidinates. Aust J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/ch21181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Wedal JC, Ziller JW, Evans WJ. Exploring the use of the pentaphenylcyclopentadienyl ligand in uranium chemistry: the crystal structure of (C5Ph5)UI2(THF)2
†. Aust J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/ch21318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Makwana UC, Gupta V. Trans-1,4-polybutadiene: Influences of Lewis bases on polymerization of butadiene with supported titanium catalyst systems. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2021.1953385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umesh C. Makwana
- Reliance Technology Group, Hazira Manufacturing Division, Reliance Industries Limited (RIL), Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Virendrakumar Gupta
- Reliance Research & Development Centre, Reliance Corporate Park, Reliance Industries Limited (RIL), Navi, Mumbai, India
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5
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Ricci G, Pampaloni G, Sommazzi A, Masi F. Dienes Polymerization: Where We Are and What Lies Ahead. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ricci
- CNR-Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), Via A. Corti 12, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Sommazzi
- Centro Ricerca Novara, Versalis S.p.A., Via G. Fauser 4, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Masi
- R&D Partner Catalysis, Versalis S.p.A., Piazza Boldrini 1, I-20097 San Donato Milanese (MI), Italy
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6
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Deng P, Shi X, Gong X, Cheng J. Trinuclear scandium methylidyne complexes stabilized by pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligands. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6436-6439. [PMID: 34095916 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01645h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of scandium methylidyne complexes [(Cp*)Sc(μ2-X)]3(μ3-CH) (Cp* = C5Me5; X = Br, Me, OMe), free of Lewis acids, can be achieved in high yields from [(Cp*)ScMe2]2 through a facile route. The chemical and geometrical flexibility to incorporate organic substrates indicates a rich chemistry of complex [(Cp*)Sc(μ2-OMe)]3(μ3-CH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 5625, Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China. and University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Xianghui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 5625, Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Xun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 5625, Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China. and University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Jianhua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 5625, Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China. and University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
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7
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Basalova OA, Tolpygin AO, Kovylina TA, Cherkasov AV, Fukin GK, Trifonov AA. Bis(tetramethylaluminate) Lanthanide Complexes Supported by Bi- and Tridentate Amidinate Ligands: Performance in Isoprene Polymerization. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olesya A. Basalova
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina 49, GSP-445, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Aleksei O. Tolpygin
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina 49, GSP-445, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Institute of Organoelement compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova str. 28, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana A. Kovylina
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina 49, GSP-445, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Anton V. Cherkasov
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina 49, GSP-445, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Georgy K. Fukin
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina 49, GSP-445, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Trifonov
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina 49, GSP-445, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Institute of Organoelement compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova str. 28, 119334, Moscow, Russia
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8
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Synthesis and structure of half-sandwich SmII and YIII cyclopentadienyl halide complexes with the penta(benzyl)cyclopentadienyl ligand. Russ Chem Bull 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-020-2871-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Mortis A, Barisic D, Eichele K, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Scandium bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl complexes revisited: extending the 45Sc NMR chemical shift range and a new structural motif of Li[CH(SiMe 3) 2]. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:7829-7841. [PMID: 32463406 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01247e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Depending on the molar ratio employed, the reaction of ScCl3(thf)3 with Li[CH(SiMe3)2] afforded the bis and tris(alkyl) ate complexes [Sc{CH(SiMe3)2}2(μ-Cl)2Li(thf)2]2 and Sc[CH(SiMe3)2]3(μ-Cl)Li(thf)3, respectively, in moderate yields. Treatment of these mixed alkyl/chlorido complexes with MeLi gave the mixed alkyl complexes [Sc{CH(SiMe3)2}2(μ-Me)2Li(thf)2]2 and Sc[CH(SiMe3)2]3(μ-Me)Li(thf)3. Aiming at homoleptic {Sc[CH(SiMe3)2]3} both of the mixed [CH(SiMe3)2]/Me complexes were treated with AlMe3. Although LiAlMe4 separation occurred, aluminium complex Al[CH(SiMe3)2]Me2(thf) was the only isolable crystalline complex. Ate complexes [Sc{CH(SiMe3)2}2(μ-Me)2Li(thf)2]2 and [Sc(CH2SiMe3)4][Li(thf)4] revealed the maximum downfield 45Sc NMR chemical shifts of 888.0 and 933.4 ppm, respectively, reported to date. The synthesis of putative {Sc[CH(SiMe3)2]3} was also attempted via the aryloxide route applying complexes Sc(OC6H2tBu2-2,6-Me-4)3 and [Sc(OC6H3iPr2-2,6)3]2 along with Li[CH(SiMe3)2] but the outcome was inconclusive. Instead, a cyclic octamer was found for Li[CH(SiMe3)2] in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Mortis
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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10
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Birkelbach VM, Stuhl C, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Mixed Methyl Aryloxy Rare-Earth-Metal Complexes Stabilized by a Superbulky Tris(pyrazolyl)borato Ligand. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verena M. Birkelbach
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Stuhl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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11
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Abstract
The hitherto unknown homoleptic tetramethylaluminate complex [Sc(AlMe4)3] could be obtained by reacting the ate complex [Li3ScMe6(thf)1.2] with AlMe3 in the cold. It cocrystallizes with AlMe3 as [Sc(AlMe4)3(Al2Me6)0.5] and decomposes at ambient temperature in n-pentane via multiple C-H bond activations to the mixed methyl/methylidene complex [Sc3(μ3-CH2)2(μ2-CH3)3(AlMe4)2(AlMe3)2]. Donor-induced methylaluminate cleavage of [Sc(AlMe4)3(Al2Me6)0.5] produced [ScMe3]n in good yield, which could be derivatized with trimethyltriazacyclononane (Me3TACN) to form the structurally characterizable [(Me3TACN)ScMe3]. Additionally, half-sandwich complex [Cp*Sc(AlMe4)2] and sandwich complex [Cp*2Sc(AlMe4)] were accessible by salt metathesis reactions from [Sc(AlMe4)3(Al2Me6)0.5] and KCp* (Cp* = C5Me5). 45Sc NMR spectroscopy was applied as a significant probe to evidence the existence of [ScMe3]n. Compounds [(Me3TACN)ScMe3] (+624.6 ppm) and [ScMe3(thf)x] (+601.7 ppm) gave large 45Sc NMR shifts, revealing the strong deshielding effect of the σ-bonded alkyl ligands on the scandium nuclei. Ultimately, cationized [Sc(AlMe4)3(Al2Me6)0.5] was employed in isoprene polymerization, leading to polymers in high yields (>95%) and with high (>90%) cis-1,4-polyisoprene content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Barisic
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Dominic Diether
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
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12
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Hollfelder CO, Jende LN, Dietrich H, Eichele K, Maichle‐Mössmer C, Anwander R. 1,3‐Diene Polymerization Promoted by Half‐Sandwich Rare‐Earth‐Metal Dimethyl Complexes: Active Species Clustering and Cationization/Deactivation Processes. Chemistry 2019; 25:7298-7302. [PMID: 30945775 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph O. Hollfelder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Lars N. Jende
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Hans‐Martin Dietrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Klaus Eichele
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle‐Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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13
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Barisic D, Buschmann DA, Schneider D, Maichle‐Mössmer C, Anwander R. Rare‐Earth‐Metal Pentadienyl Half‐Sandwich and Sandwich Tetramethylaluminates–Synthesis, Structure, Reactivity, and Performance in Isoprene Polymerization. Chemistry 2019; 25:4821-4832. [PMID: 30714644 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damir Barisic
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Dennis A. Buschmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - David Schneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | | | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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14
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Rong W, Wang M, Li S, Cheng J, Liu D, Cui D. Insights into the Formation Process of Yttrium–Aluminum Bimetallic Alkyl Complexes Supported by a Bulky Phosphazene Ligand. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Institute of non-metallic materials, Jinan 250031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiyan Wang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
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15
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1,3-Diene Polymerization Mediated by Homoleptic Tetramethylaluminates of the Rare-Earth Metals. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past two decades homoleptic tetramethylaluminates of the trivalent rare-earth metals, Ln(AlMe4)3, have emerged as useful components for efficient catalyst design in the field of 1,3-diene polymerization. Previous work had focused on isoprene polymerization applying Ln(AlMe4)3 precatalysts with Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd and Y, in the presence of Et2AlCl as an activator. Polymerizations employing Ln(AlMe4)3 with Ln = La, Y and Nd along with borate/borane co-catalysts [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4], [PhNMe2H][B(C6F5)4] and [B(C6F5)3] were mainly investigated for reasons of comparison with ancillary ligand-supported systems (cf. half-sandwich complexes). The present study investigates into a total of eleven rare-earth elements, namely Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Y, Er and Lu. A full overview on the polymerization behavior of Ln(AlMe4)3 in the presence of perfluorinated borate/borane cocatalysts and R2AlCl-type activators (R = Me, Et) is provided, probing the monomers isoprene and 1,3-butadiene (and preliminary ethylene). Virtually complete cis-1,4-selectivities are obtained for several catalyst/cocatalyst combinations (e.g., Gd(AlMe4)3/Me2AlCl, >99.9%). Insights into the ‘black box’ of active species are obtained by indirect observations via screening of pre-reaction time and cocatalyst concentration. The microstructure of the polydienes is investigated by combined 1H/13C NMR and ATR-IR spectroscopies. Furthermore, the reaction of [LuMe6(Li(thf)x)3] with AlMe3 has been applied as a new strategy for the efficient synthesis of Lu(AlMe4)3. The solid-state structures of Gd(AlMe4)3 and Tb(AlMe4)3 are reported.
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16
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Yu C, Zhang P, Gao F, Zhang S, Li X. A displacement-type fluorescent probe reveals active species in the coordinative polymerization of olefins. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01915g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The correct identification of active species is an important prerequisite to study the mechanism of coordinative polymerization of olefins, which can afford important theoretical guidance for the design and synthesis of new organometallic catalysts and high-performance polyolefin materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 10081
- China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 10081
- China
| | - Fei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 10081
- China
| | - Shaowen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 10081
- China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 10081
- China
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17
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Diether D, Tyulyunov K, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Fluorenyl Half-Sandwich Bis(tetramethylaluminate) Complexes of the Rare-Earth Metals: Synthesis, Structure, and Isoprene Polymerization. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Diether
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Tyulyunov
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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18
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Bonath M, Hollfelder CO, Schädle D, Maichle‐Mössmer C, Sirsch P, Anwander R. C–H Bond Activation and Isoprene Polymerization by Lutetium Alkylaluminate/gallate Complexes Bearing a Peripheral Boryl and a Bulky Hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate Ligand. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bonath
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Christoph O. Hollfelder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Dorothea Schädle
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle‐Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Peter Sirsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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19
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Trifonov AA, Lyubov DM. A quarter-century long story of bis(alkyl) rare-earth (III) complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Dettenrieder N, Dietrich HM, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Yttrium Siloxide Complexes Bearing Terminal Methyl Ligands: Molecular Models for Ln−CH3Terminated Silica Surfaces. Chemistry 2016; 22:13189-200. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Dettenrieder
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - H. Martin Dietrich
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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21
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Fridrichová A, Varga V, Pinkas J, Lamač M, Růžička A, Horáček M. Yttrocene Chloride and Methyl Complexes with Variously Substituted Cyclopentadienyl Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity toward Ethylene. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adéla Fridrichová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical ChemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i.Dolejškova 318223Prague 8Czech Republic
- Department of General and Inorganic ChemistryFaculty of Chemical TechnologyUniversity of PardubiceStudentská 57353210Pardubice 2Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Varga
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical ChemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i.Dolejškova 318223Prague 8Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Pinkas
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical ChemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i.Dolejškova 318223Prague 8Czech Republic
| | - Martin Lamač
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical ChemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i.Dolejškova 318223Prague 8Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic ChemistryFaculty of Chemical TechnologyUniversity of PardubiceStudentská 57353210Pardubice 2Czech Republic
| | - Michal Horáček
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical ChemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i.Dolejškova 318223Prague 8Czech Republic
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22
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Kang X, Zhou G, Wang X, Qu J, Hou Z, Luo Y. Alkyl Effects on the Chain Initiation Efficiency of Olefin Polymerization by Cationic Half-Sandwich Scandium Catalysts: A DFT Study. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Kang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science
and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangli Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science
and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingbao Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science
and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingping Qu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science
and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science
and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
- Organometallic
Chemistry Laboratory and Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yi Luo
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science
and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
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23
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Bienfait AM, Wolf BM, Törnroos KW, Anwander R. Ln(II)/Pb(II)–Ln(III)/Pb(0) Redox Approach toward Rare-Earth-Metal Half-Sandwich Complexes. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André M. Bienfait
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Benjamin M. Wolf
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karl W. Törnroos
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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24
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Schädle D, Schädle C, Schneider D, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Versatile Ln2(μ-NR)2-Imide Platforms for Ligand Exchange and Isoprene Polymerization. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Schädle
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Schädle
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Schneider
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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25
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Gong D, Liu W, Pan W, Chen T, Jia X, Huang KW, Zhang X. Tunable regioselectivity in 1,3-butadiene polymerization by using 2,6-bis(dimethyl-2-oxazolin-2-yl)pyridine incorporated transition metal (Cr, Fe and Co) catalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Schädle D, Enders M, Schädle C, Maichle-Mössmer C, Törnroos KW, Anwander R. Reactivity of halfsandwich rare-earth metal methylaluminates toward potassium (2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl)amide and 1-adamantylamine. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00800j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Donor functionalities drastically affect salt-metathetical methylaluminato–amido exchange reactions in CpRLn(AlMe4)2 by triggering methylaluminate cleavage and C–H bond activation of proximal aliphatic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Schädle
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Tübingen
- D-72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Markus Enders
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- Universität Heidelberg
- D-69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Christoph Schädle
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Tübingen
- D-72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | | | | | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Tübingen
- D-72076 Tübingen
- Germany
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27
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Gong D, Jia X, Wang B, Zhang X, Huang KW. Trans-1,4 selective polymerization of 1,3-butadiene with symmetry pincer chromium complexes activated by MMAO. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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28
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Dettenrieder N, Hollfelder CO, Jende LN, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Half-Sandwich Rare-Earth-Metal Alkylaluminate Complexes Bearing Peripheral Boryl Ligands. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om401163a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Dettenrieder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph O. Hollfelder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lars N. Jende
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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29
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Trans-stereospecific polymerization of butadiene and random copolymerization with styrene using borohydrido neodymium/magnesium dialkyl catalysts. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Yttrium half-sandwich complexes bearing the 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl-tetramethylcyclopentadienyl ligand. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Wang G, Jiang X, Zhao W, Sun WH, Yao W, He A. Catalytic behavior of Co(II) complexes with 2-(benzimidazolyl)-6-(1-(arylimino)ethyl)pyridine ligands on isoprene stereospecific polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Xiubo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Weizhen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Wen-Hua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Wei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Aihua He
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 China
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32
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Li T, Nishiura M, Cheng J, Zhang W, Li Y, Hou Z. Hydrogenolysis and Protonation of Polymetallic Lutetium Methylidene and Methyl Complexes. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4002999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of
Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nishiura
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1
Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jianhua Cheng
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Wenxiong Zhang
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of
Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of
Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1
Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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33
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Li L, Wu C, Liu D, Li S, Cui D. Binuclear Rare-Earth-Metal Alkyl Complexes Ligated by Phenylene-Bridged β-Diketiminate Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalysis toward Isoprene Polymerization. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400105t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s
Republic of China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunji Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Dongtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Shihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s
Republic of China
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34
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Kaneko H, Dietrich HM, Schädle C, Maichle-Mössmer C, Tsurugi H, Törnroos KW, Mashima K, Anwander R. Synthesis of Rare-Earth-Metal Iminopyrrolyl Complexes from Alkyl Precursors: Ln→Al N-Ancillary Ligand Transfer. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om301002n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kaneko
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering
Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka
560-8551, Japan
| | - H. Martin Dietrich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle
18, D-72076 Tübingen,
Germany
| | - Christoph Schädle
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle
18, D-72076 Tübingen,
Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle
18, D-72076 Tübingen,
Germany
| | - Hayato Tsurugi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering
Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka
560-8551, Japan
| | - Karl W. Törnroos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering
Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka
560-8551, Japan
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle
18, D-72076 Tübingen,
Germany
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35
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Hamidi S, Jende LN, Martin Dietrich H, Maichle-Mössmer C, Törnroos KW, Deacon GB, Junk PC, Anwander R. C–H Bond Activation and Isoprene Polymerization by Rare-Earth-Metal Tetramethylaluminate Complexes Bearing Formamidinato N-Ancillary Ligands. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om301010m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shima Hamidi
- School
of Chemistry, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lars N. Jende
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - H. Martin Dietrich
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karl W. Törnroos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Glen B. Deacon
- School
of Chemistry, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter C. Junk
- School of Pharmacy & Molecular Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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36
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Dagorne S, Fliedel C. Organoaluminum Species in Homogeneous Polymerization Catalysis. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2012_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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37
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Occhipinti G, Meermann C, Dietrich HM, Litlabø R, Auras F, Törnroos KW, Maichle-Mössmer C, Jensen VR, Anwander R. Synthesis and stability of homoleptic metal(III) tetramethylaluminates. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:6323-37. [PMID: 21466201 DOI: 10.1021/ja2001049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Whereas a number of homoleptic metal(III) tetramethylaluminates M(AlMe(4))(3) of the rare earth metals have proven accessible, the stability of these compounds varies strongly among the metals, with some even escaping preparation altogether. The differences in stability may seem puzzling given that this class of metals usually is considered to be relatively uniform with respect to properties. On the basis of quantum chemically obtained relative energies and atomic and molecular descriptors of homoleptic tris(tetramethylaluminate) and related compounds of rare earth metals, transition metals, p-block metals, and actinides, multivariate modeling has identified the importance of ionic metal-methylaluminate bonding and small steric repulsion between the methylaluminate ligands for obtaining stable homoleptic compounds. Low electronegativity and a sufficiently large ionic radius are thus essential properties for the central metal atom. Whereas scandium and many transition metals are too small and too electronegative for this task, all lanthanides and actinides covered in this study are predicted to give homoleptic compounds stable toward loss of trimethylaluminum, the expected main decomposition reaction. Three of the predicted lanthanide-based compounds Ln(AlMe(4))(3) (Ln = Ce, Tm, Yb) have been prepared and fully characterized in the present work, in addition to Ln(OCH(2)tBu)(3)(AlMe(3))(3) (Ln = Sc, Nd) and [Eu(AlEt(4))(2)](n). At ambient temperature, donor-free hexane solutions of Ln(AlMe(4))(3) of the Ln(3+)/Ln(2+) redox-active metal centers display enhanced reduction to [Ln(AlMe(4))(2)](n) with decreasing negative redox potential, in the order Eu ≫ Yb ≫ Sm. Whereas Eu(AlMe(4))(3) could not be identified, Yb(AlMe(4))(3) turned out to be isolable in low yield. All attempts to prepare the putative Sc(AlMe(4))(3), featuring the smallest rare earth metal center, failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Occhipinti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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38
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Zhang WX, Wang Z, Nishiura M, Xi Z, Hou Z. Ln4(CH2)4 cubane-type rare-earth methylidene complexes consisting of "(C5Me4SiMe3)LnCH2" units (Ln = Tm, Lu). J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:5712-5. [PMID: 21446751 DOI: 10.1021/ja200540b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tetranuclear cubane-type rare-earth methylidene complexes consisting of four "Cp'LnCH(2)" units, [Cp'Ln(μ(3)-CH(2))](4) (4-Ln; Ln = Tm, Lu; Cp' = C(5)Me(4)SiMe(3)), have been obtained for the first time through CH(4) elimination from the well-defined polymethyl complexes [Cp'Ln(μ(2)-CH(3))(2)](3) (2-Ln) or mixed methyl/methylidene precursors such as [Cp'(3)Ln(3)(μ(2)-Me)(3)(μ(3)-Me)(μ(3)-CH(2))] (3-Ln). The reaction of the methylidene complex 4-Lu with benzophenone leads to C═O bond cleavage and C═C bond formation to give the cubane-type oxo complex [Cp'Lu(μ(3)-O)](4) and CH(2)═CPh(2), while the methyl/methylidene complex 3-Tm undergoes sequential methylidene addition to the C═O group and ortho C-H activation of the two phenyl groups of benzophenone to afford the bis(benzo-1,2-diyl)ethoxy-chelated trinuclear complex [Cp'(3)Tm(3)(μ(2)-Me)(3){(C(6)H(4))(2)C(O)Me}] (6-Tm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory and Advanced Catalyst Research Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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39
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Liu D, Cui D. Highly trans-1,4 selective (co-)polymerization of butadiene and isoprene with quinolyl anilido rare earth metal bis(alkyl) precursors. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:7755-61. [PMID: 21437338 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10100e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The N-R-quinolinyl-8-amino ligands HL(1-3) (R = 2,6-(i)Pr(2)C(6)H(3) (HL(1)), 2,6-Et(2)C(6)H(3) (HL(2)), 2,6-Me(2)C(6)H(3) (HL(3))) have been prepared, which reacted readily with one equiv. of rare earth metal tris(alkyl)s to afford the corresponding bis(alkyl) complexes L(1)Y(CH(2)SiMe(3))(2)(THF) (1) and L(1-3)Lu(CH(2)SiMe(3))(2)(THF) (2-4) via alkane elimination. Contrastingly, treatment of the in situ generated neodymium tri(alkyl)s with HL(1) afforded a mono(alkyl) neodymium complex (5). Complexes 1, 2 and 5 in combination with aluminium alkyls and organoborates established homogenous ternary systems that exhibited versatile catalytic activities and trans-1,4 selectivities for the polymerization of butadiene, depending on the types of aluminium alkyl, organoborate and rare earth metal used. Furthermore, the trans-1,4 selective copolymerization of butadiene and isoprene was achieved by using the ternary system of 1/AlMe(3)/[Ph(3)C][B(C(6)F(5))(4)]. Both the kinetics of copolymerization and the thermal behavior of the copolymers were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, China
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40
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Zimmermann M, Anwander R. Homoleptic Rare-Earth Metal Complexes Containing Ln−C σ-Bonds. Chem Rev 2010; 110:6194-259. [DOI: 10.1021/cr1001194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Zimmermann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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41
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Kunze M, Taube R. 2,4-Dimethylpentadienyl-Komplexe des Neodyms, Lanthans und Yttriums als Präkatalysatoren für die stereoselektive Butadienpolymerisation. 2,4-Dimethylpentadienyl Complexes of Neodymium, Lanthanum and Yttrium as Precatalysts for the Stereoselective Polymeri. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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42
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Yang Y, Lv K, Wang L, Wang Y, Cui D. Isoprene polymerization with aminopyridinato ligand supported rare-earth metal complexes. Switching of the regio- and stereoselectivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:6150-2. [PMID: 20623071 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc00297f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The highly cis-1,4, trans-1,4 and 3,4-selective polymerizations of isoprene were successfully regulated by simply modifying the auxiliary ligands, metal centres and initiation groups of rare-earth metal complexes and cocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute ofApplied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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43
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Zimmermann M, Volbeda J, Törnroos KW, Anwander R. Tetramethylcyclopentadienyl-supported rare-earth metal bis(tetramethyl)aluminate complexes: Synthesis, structural chemistry, cation formation, and isoprene polymerization. CR CHIM 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2010.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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44
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Robert D, Abinet E, Spaniol TP, Okuda J. Cationic allyl complexes of the rare-earth metals: synthesis, structural characterization, and 1,3-butadiene polymerization catalysis. Chemistry 2010; 15:11937-47. [PMID: 19784969 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Monocationic bis-allyl complexes [Ln(eta(3)-C(3)H(5))(2)(thf)(3)](+)[B(C(6)X(5))(4)](-) (Ln = Y, La, Nd; X = H, F) and dicationic mono-allyl complexes of yttrium and the early lanthanides [Ln(eta(3)-C(3)H(5))(thf)(6)](2+)[BPh(4)](2)(-) (Ln = La, Nd) were prepared by protonolysis of the tris-allyl complexes [Ln(eta(3)-C(3)H(5))(3)(diox)] (Ln = Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm; diox = 1,4-dioxane) isolated as a 1,4-dioxane-bridged dimer (Ln = Ce) or THF adducts [Ln(eta(3)-C(3)H(5))(3)(thf)(2)] (Ln = Ce, Pr). Allyl abstraction from the neutral tris-allyl complex by a Lewis acid, ER(3) (Al(CH(2)SiMe(3))(3), BPh(3)) gave the ion pair [Ln(eta(3)-C(3)H(5))(2)(thf)(3)](+)[ER(3)(eta(1)-CH(2)CH=CH(2))](-) (Ln = Y, La; ER(3) = Al(CH(2)SiMe(3))(3), BPh(3)). Benzophenone inserts into the La-C(allyl) bond of [La(eta(3)-C(3)H(5))(2)(thf)(3)](+)[BPh(4)](-) to form the alkoxy complex [La{OCPh(2)(CH(2)CH=CH(2))}(2)(thf)(3)](+)[BPh(4)](-). The monocationic half-sandwich complexes [Ln(eta(5)-C(5)Me(4)SiMe(3))(eta(3)-C(3)H(5))(thf)(2)](+)[B(C(6)X(5))(4)](-) (Ln = Y, La; X = H, F) were synthesized from the neutral precursors [Ln(eta(5)-C(5)Me(4)SiMe(3))(eta(3)-C(3)H(5))(2)(thf)] by protonolysis. For 1,3-butadiene polymerization catalysis, the yttrium-based systems were more active than the corresponding lanthanum or neodymium homologues, giving polybutadiene with approximately 90% 1,4-cis stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Robert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Zhang Z, Cui D, Wang B, Liu B, Yang Y. Polymerization of 1,3-Conjugated Dienes with Rare-Earth Metal Precursors. STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2010_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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46
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Li X, Nishiura M, Hu L, Mori K, Hou Z. Alternating and random copolymerization of isoprene and ethylene catalyzed by cationic half-sandwich scandium alkyls. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:13870-82. [PMID: 19728718 DOI: 10.1021/ja9056213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The acid-base reactions between the scandium trialkyl complex Sc(CH(2)SiMe(3))(3)(THF)(2) and 1 equiv of Cp'-H afforded straightforwardly the corresponding mono(cyclopentadienyl)scandium dialkyl complexes Cp'Sc(CH(2)SiMe(3))(2)(THF) (Cp' = C(5)H(5) (1), C(5)MeH(4) (2), C(5)Me(4)H (3), C(5)Me(5) (4), C(5)Me(4)SiMe(3) (5)) in 65-80% isolated yields. The analogous half-sandwich complexes having a heteroatom-containing side arm, (C(5)Me(4)R)Sc(CH(2)SiMe(3))(2) (R = CH(2)CH(2)PPh(2) (6), C(6)H(4)OMe-omicron (7)), were obtained by the one-pot metathetical reactions of ScCl(3)(THF)(3) with 1 equiv of the potassium salts of the ligands and 2 equiv of LiCH(2)SiMe(3). The similar reactions of ScCl(3)(THF)(3) with KC(5)Me(4)(C(6)H(4)NMe(2)-omicron) and LiCH(2)SiMe(3) gave a methylene-bridged binuclear complex [{C(5)Me(4)(omicron-C(6)H(4)N(Me)CH(2)-mu}Sc(CH(2)SiMe(3))](2) (8). Complexes 1-8 were fully characterized by (1)H, (13)C NMR, X-ray, and microelemental analyses. The reactions of 5 and 7 with 1 equiv of [PhMe(2)NH][B(C(6)F(5))(4)] in THF afforded quantitatively the structurally characterizable cationic monoalkyl complexes [(C(5)Me(4)SiMe(3))Sc(CH(2)SiMe(3))(THF)(2)][B(C(6)F(5))(4)] (10) and [(C(5)Me(4)C(6)H(4)OMe-omicron)Sc(CH(2)SiMe(3))(THF)(2)][B(C(6)F(5))(4)] (11), respectively. In the presence of an activator such as [Ph(3)C][B(C(6)F(5))(4)], [PhMe(2)NH][B(C(6)F(5))(4)], or B(C(6)F(5))(3), all of the half-sandwich dialkyl complexes 1-7 were active for isoprene polymerization and isoprene-ethylene copolymerization, with the activity and selectivity being significantly dependent on the substituents at the cyclopentadienyl ligands to yield the corresponding homo- and copolymer materials with different microstructures and compositions. In the homopolymerization of isoprene, the less sterically demanding complexes 1 and 2 showed high cis-1,4 selectivity (up to 95%), whereas the more sterically demanding complexes 3-5 yielded 3,4-polyisoprene (51-65%) as a major product. The ether side arm coordinated complex 7 preferred trans-1,4-polyisoprene formation (60-79%), whereas the phosphine analogue 6 showed high cis-1,4 selectivity (84-90%) under the same conditions. In the copolymerization of isoprene and ethylene, complexes 1 and 2 afforded the random copolymers with high isoprene contents (85-92 mol %) and predominant cis-1,4-microstructures (up to 90%), thus constituting the first example of cis-1,4-selective copolymerization of isoprene with ethylene. In contrast, the copolymerization of isoprene and ethylene by 3, 4, 6, and 7 gave, for the first time, almost perfect alternating isoprene-ethylene copolymers. Possible mechanisms of the polymerization and copolymerization processes were proposed on the basis of the DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Li
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
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Takimoto M, Usami S, Hou Z. Scandium-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereospecific Methylalumination of Silyloxy/Alkoxy-Substituted Alkynes and Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:18266-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja909126k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Takimoto
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Saori Usami
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Tetramethylaluminate and Tetramethylgallate Coordination in Rare-Earth Metal Half-Sandwich and Metallocene Complexes. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om9007168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wiecko M, Roesky PW. A Cationic Bis(phosphiniminomethanide) Europium(II) Complex. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om800989x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Wiecko
- Institut für Chemie and Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe, Engesserstrasse 15, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institut für Chemie and Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe, Engesserstrasse 15, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Kramer MU, Robert D, Arndt S, Zeimentz PM, Spaniol TP, Yahia A, Maron L, Eisenstein O, Okuda J. Cationic methyl complexes of the rare-earth metals: an experimental and computational study on synthesis, structure, and reactivity. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:9265-78. [PMID: 18816050 DOI: 10.1021/ic801259n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis, structure, and reactivity of two families of rare-earth metal complexes containing discrete methyl cations [LnMe(2-x)(thf)n]((1+x)+) (x = 0, 1; thf = tetrahydrofuran) have been studied. As a synthetic equivalent for the elusive trimethyl complex [LnMe3], lithium methylates of the approximate composition [Li3LnMe6(thf)n] were prepared by treating rare-earth metal trichlorides [LnCl3(thf)n] with 6 equiv of methyllithium in diethyl ether. Heteronuclear complexes of the formula [Li3Ln2Me9L(n)] (Ln = Sc, Y, Tb; L = Et2O, thf) were isolated by crystallization from diethyl ether. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies revealed a heterometallic aggregate of composition [Li3Ln2Me9(thf)n(Et2O)m] with a [LiLn2Me9](2-) core (Ln = Sc, Y, Tb). When tris(tetramethylaluminate) [Ln(AlMe4)3] (Ln = Y, Lu) was reacted with less than 1 equiv of [NR3H][BPh4], the dimethyl cations [LnMe2(thf)n][BPh4] were obtained. The coordination number as well as cis/trans isomer preference was studied by crystallographic and computational methods. Dicationic methyl complexes of the rare-earth metals of the formula [LnMe(thf)n][BAr4]2 (Ln = Sc, Y, La-Nd, Sm, Gd-Lu; Ar = Ph, C6H4F-4) were synthesized, by protonolysis of either the ate complex [Li3LnMe6(thf)n] (Ln = Sc, Y, Gd-Lu) or the tris(tetramethylaluminate) [Ln(AlMe4)3] (Ln = La-Nd, Sm, Dy, Gd) with ammonium borates [NR3H][BAr4] in thf. The number of coordinated thf ligands varied from n = 5 (Ln = Sc, Tm) to n = 6 (Ln = La, Y, Sm, Dy, Ho). The configuration of representative examples was determined by X-ray diffraction studies and confirmed by density-functional theory calculations. The highly polarized bonding between the methyl group and the rare-earth metal center results in the reactivity pattern dominated by the carbanionic character and the pronounced Lewis acidity: The dicationic methyl complex [YMe(thf)6](2+) inserted benzophenone as an electrophile to give the alkoxy complex [Y(OCMePh2)(thf)5](2+). Nucleophilic addition of the soft anion X(-) (X(-) = I(-), BH4(-)) led to the monocationic methyl complexes [YMe(X)(thf)5](+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias U Kramer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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