Solid-State and Solution Structure of Lanthanide(III) Complexes with a Flexible Py-N6Macrocyclic Ligand

Lanthanide(III) Complexes Based on an 18-Membered Macrocycle Containing Acetamide Pendants. Structural Characterization and paraCEST Properties

We report a detailed investigation of the coordination properties of macrocyclic lanthanide complexes containing a 3,6,10,13-tetraaza-1,8(2,6)-dipyridinacyclotetradecaphane scaffold functionalized with four acetamide pendant arms. The X-ray structures of the complexes with the large Ln³⁺ ions (La and Sm) display 12- and 10-coordinated metal ions, where the coordination sphere is fulfilled by the six N atoms of the macrocycle, the four O atoms of the acetamide pendants, and a bidentate nitrate anion in the La³⁺ complex. The analogous Yb³⁺ complex presents, however, a 9-coordinated metal ion because one of the acetamide pendant arms remains uncoordinated. ¹H NMR studies indicate that the 10-coordinated form is present in solution throughout the lanthanide series from La to Tb, while the smaller lanthanides form 9-coordinated species. ¹H and ⁸⁹Y NMR studies confirm the presence of this structural change because the two species are present in solution. Analysis of the ¹H chemical shifts observed for the Tb³⁺ complex confirms its D₂ symmetry in aqueous solution and evidences a highly rhombic magnetic susceptibility tensor. The acetamide resonances of the Pr³⁺ and Tb³⁺ complexes provided sizable paraCEST effects, as demonstrated by the corresponding Z-spectra recorded at different temperatures and studies on tube phantoms recorded at 22 °C.

The effect of ring size variation on the structure and stability of lanthanide(III) complexes with crown ethers containing picolinate pendants

The coordination properties of the macrocyclic receptor N,N'-bis[(6-carboxy-2-pyridyl)methylene]-1,10-diaza-15-crown-5 (H(2)bp15c5) towards the lanthanide ions are reported. Thermodynamic stability constants were determined by pH-potentiometric titration at 25 °C in 0.1 M KCl. A smooth decrease in complex stability is observed upon decreasing the ionic radius of the Ln(III) ion from La [log K(LaL) = 12.52(2)] to Lu [log K(LuL) = 10.03(6)]. Luminescence lifetime measurements recorded on solutions of the Eu(III) and Tb(III) complexes confirm the absence of inner-sphere water molecules in these complexes. (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra of the complexes formed with the diamagnetic La(III) metal ion were obtained in D(2)O solution and assigned with the aid of HSQC and HMBC 2D heteronuclear experiments, as well as standard 2D homonuclear COSY and NOESY spectra. The (1)H NMR spectra of the paramagnetic Ce(III), Eu(III) and Yb(III) complex suggest nonadentate binding of the ligand to the metal ion. The syn conformation of the ligand in [Ln(bp15c5)](+) complexes implies the occurrence of two helicities, one associated with the layout of the picolinate pendant arms (absolute configuration Δ or Λ), and the other to the five five-membered chelate rings formed by the binding of the crown moiety (absolute configuration δ or λ). A detailed conformational analysis performed with the aid of DFT calculations (B3LYP model) indicates that the complexes adopt a Λ(λδ)(δδλ) [or Δ(δλ)(λλδ)] conformation in aqueous solution. Our calculations show that the interaction between the Ln(III) ion and several donor atoms of the crown moiety is weakened as the ionic radius of the metal ion decreases, in line with the decrease of complex stability observed on proceeding to the right across the lanthanide series.

A series of lanthanide-organic polymers incorporating nitrogen-heterocyclic and aliphatic carboxylate mixed-ligands: structures, luminescent and magnetic properties

Seven new lanthanide-organic coordination polymers incorporating both nitrogen heterocyclic dicarboxylate and various auxiliary ligands, {[Ln(3)(Hpimda)(4)(mu(2)-HCOO).5H(2)O].H(2)O}(n)} Ln = Sm (1), Ln = Eu (2), Ln = Gd (3), Ln = Dy (4), Ln = Ho (5), {[Ce(2)(Hpimda)(2)(mu(4)-C(2)O(4)).8H(2)O].2H(2)O}(n) (6), {[Yb(2)(pyda)(mu(4)-C(2)O(4))(2).4H(2)O].3H(2)O}(n) (7) (H(3)pimda = 1H-2-propyl-4,5-imidazoledicarboxylic acid, H(2)pyda = 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid) have been fabricated successfully and characterized systematically. Complexes 1-5 are isomorphous and isostructural, and are built from two-dimensional (2-D) double-decker networks based on the tetranuclear basic carboxylate as a secondary building unit (SBU). Both polymers 6 and 7 feature a (3,4)-connected 3-D framework consisting of 2-D lanthanide-organic hexagonal grids, which are further interlinked via the mu(4)-oxalate ligand. The results of magnetic determination show the same end-to-end bridging fashion of formate group results in different magnetic properties occurring between lanthanide centers. The luminescence emission spectra of the complexes vary depending on the lanthanide ion present.

Selective chelation of Cd(II) and Pb(II) versus Ca(II) and Zn(II) by using octadentate ligands containing pyridinecarboxylate and pyridyl pendants

Herein we report the coordination properties toward Cd(II), Pb(II), Ca(II), and Zn(II) of a new octadentate ligand (py-H(2)bcpe) based on a ethane-1,2-diamine unit containing two picolinate and two pyridyl pendants, which is structurally derived from the previous reported ligand bcpe. Potentiometric studies have been carried out to determine the protonation constants of the ligand and the stability constants of the complexes with these cations. The introduction of the pyridyl pendants in bcpe provokes a very important increase of the logK(ML) values obtained for the Pb(II) and Cd(II) complexes, while this effect is less important in the case of the Zn(II) analogue. As a result, py-bcpe shows a certain selectivity for Cd(II) and Pb(II) over Zn(II) while keeping good Pb(II)/Ca(II) and Cd(II)/Ca(II) selectivities, and the new receptor py-bcpe can be considered as a new structural framework for the design of novel Cd(II) and Pb(II) extracting agents. Likewise, the stabilities of the Cd(II) and Pb(II) complexes are higher than those of the corresponding EDTA analogues. The X-ray crystal structure of [Zn(py-bcpe)] shows hexadentate binding of the ligand to the metal ion, the coordination polyhedron being best described as a severely distorted octahedron. However, the X-ray crystal structure of the Pb(II) analogue shows octadentate binding of the ligand to the metal ion. A detailed investigation of the structure in aqueous solution of the complexes by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques and density functional theory (DFT) calculations (B3LYP) shows that while in the Zn(II) complex the metal ion is six-coordinated, in the Pb(II) and Ca(II) analogues the metal ions are eight-coordinated. For the Cd(II) complex, our results suggest that in solution the complex exists as a mixture of seven- and eight-coordinated species. DFT calculations performed both in the gas phase and in aqueous solution have been also used to investigate the role of the Pb(II) lone pair in the structure of the [Pb(py-bcpe)] complex.