1
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Scheibe B, Karttunen AJ, Kraus F. Reactions of ClF
3
with Main Group and Transition Metal Oxides: Access to Dioxychloronium(V) Fluoridometallates and Oxidofluoridometallates. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Scheibe
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Antti J. Karttunen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science Aalto University 00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Florian Kraus
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
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2
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Bortolus MR, Mercier HPA, Schrobilgen GJ. Group 6 Oxyfluoro‐Anion Salts of [XeF
5
]
+
and [Xe
2
F
11
]
+
: Syntheses and Structures of [XeF
5
][M
2
O
2
F
9
] (M=Mo, W), [Xe
2
F
11
][M′OF
5
] (M′=Cr, Mo, W), [XeF
5
][HF
2
]⋅CrOF
4
, and [XeF
5
][WOF
5
]⋅XeOF
4. Chemistry 2020; 26:8935-8950. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Bortolus
- Department of ChemistryMcMaster University Hamilton ON L8S 4M1 Canada
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3
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Goettel JT, Bortolus MR, Stuart DG, Mercier HPA, Schrobilgen GJ. Chromium Oxide Tetrafluoride and Its Reactions with Xenon Hexafluoride; the [XeF 5 ] + and [Xe 2 F 11 ] + Salts of the [Cr VI OF 5 ] - , [Cr V OF 5 ] 2- , [Cr V 2 O 2 F 8 ] 2- , and [Cr IV F 6 ] 2- Anions. Chemistry 2019; 25:15815-15829. [PMID: 31437313 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Molten mixtures of XeF6 and CrVI OF4 react by means of F2 elimination to form [XeF5 ][Xe2 F11 ][CrV OF5 ]⋅2 CrVI OF4 , [XeF5 ]2 [CrIV F6 ]⋅2 CrVI OF4 , [Xe2 F11 ]2 [CrIV F6 ], and [XeF5 ]2 [CrV 2 O2 F8 ], whereas their reactions in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (aHF) and CFCl3 /aHF yield [XeF5 ]2 [CrV 2 O2 F8 ]⋅2 HF and [XeF5 ]2 [CrV 2 O2 F8 ]⋅2 XeOF4 . Other than [Xe2 F11 ][MVI OF5 ] and [XeF5 ][MVI 2 O2 F9 ] (M=Mo or W), these salts are the only Group 6 oxyfluoro-anions known to stabilize noble-gas cations. Their reaction pathways involve redox transformations that give [XeF5 ]+ and/or [Xe2 F11 ]+ salts of the known [CrV OF5 ]2- and [CrIV F6 ]2- anions, and the novel [CrV 2 O2 F8 ]2- anion. A low-temperature Raman spectroscopic study of an equimolar mixture of solid XeF6 and CrOF4 revealed that [Xe2 F11 ][CrVI OF5 ] is formed as a reaction intermediate. The salts were structurally characterized by LT single-crystal X-ray diffraction and LT Raman spectroscopy, and provide the first structural characterizations of the [CrV OF5 ]2- and [CrV 2 O2 F8 ]2- anions, where [CrV 2 O2 F8 ]2- represents a new structural motif among the known oxyfluoro-anions of Group 6. The X-ray structures show that [XeF5 ]+ and [Xe2 F11 ]+ form ion pairs with their respective anions by means of Xe- - -F-Cr bridges. Quantum-chemical calculations were carried out to obtain the energy-minimized, gas-phase geometries and the vibrational frequencies of the anions and their ion pairs and to aid in the assignments of their Raman spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Goettel
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Mark R Bortolus
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Daniel G Stuart
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Hélène P A Mercier
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Gary J Schrobilgen
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1, Canada
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4
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Shlyapnikov IM, Goreshnik EA, Mazej Z. Syntheses and the crystal chemistry of the perfluoridotitanate(IV) compounds templated with ethylenediamine and melamine. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Mazej Z, Goreshnik E. Crystal Structures of Photochemically Prepared (Xe
2
F
11
)
2
(MF
6
) (M = Sn, Pb) and (XeF
5
)
4
(Sn
5
F
24
) Containing Six‐ and Seven‐Coordinated Tin(IV). Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Mazej
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology Jožef Stefan Institute Jamova cesta 39 SI–1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Evgeny Goreshnik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology Jožef Stefan Institute Jamova cesta 39 SI–1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
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6
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Shlyapnikov IM, Goreshnik EA, Mazej Z. Guanidinium Perfluoridotitanate(IV) Compounds: Structural Determination of an Oligomeric [Ti
6
F
27
]
3
–
Anion, and an Example of a Mixed‐Anion Salt Containing Two Different Fluoridotitanate(IV) Anions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor M. Shlyapnikov
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology Jožef Stefan Institute Jamova cesta 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology National Institute of Chemistry Hajdrihova ulica 19 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Evgeny A. Goreshnik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology Jožef Stefan Institute Jamova cesta 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Zoran Mazej
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology Jožef Stefan Institute Jamova cesta 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
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7
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Shlyapnikov IM, Goreshnik EA, Mazej Z. Increasing Structural Dimensionality of Alkali Metal Fluoridotitanates(IV). Inorg Chem 2018; 57:1976-1987. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor M. Shlyapnikov
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Evgeny A. Goreshnik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zoran Mazej
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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8
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Mazej Z, Goreshnik E, Jagličić Z, Filinchuk Y, Tumanov N, Akselrud LG. Photochemical Synthesis and Characterization of Xenon(VI) Hexafluoridomanganates(IV). Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Mazej
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology Jožef Stefan Institute Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Evgeny Goreshnik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology Jožef Stefan Institute Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Zvonko Jagličić
- Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering University of Ljubljana Institute of Mathematics, Physics and Mechanics Jadranska 19 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Yaroslav Filinchuk
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences Université catholique de Louvain Place L. Pasteur 1 1348 Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Nikolay Tumanov
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences Université catholique de Louvain Place L. Pasteur 1 1348 Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
- Department of Chemistry University of Namur Rue de Bruxelles 61 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Lev G. Akselrud
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry Ivan Franko National University of Lviv Kyryla and Mefodia Str. 6 79005 Lviv Ukraine
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9
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Engesser TA, Lichtenthaler MR, Schleep M, Krossing I. Reactive p-block cations stabilized by weakly coordinating anions. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:789-899. [PMID: 26612538 PMCID: PMC4758321 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00672d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of the p-block elements is a huge playground for fundamental and applied work. With their bonding from electron deficient to hypercoordinate and formally hypervalent, the p-block elements represent an area to find terra incognita. Often, the formation of cations that contain p-block elements as central ingredient is desired, for example to make a compound more Lewis acidic for an application or simply to prove an idea. This review has collected the reactive p-block cations (rPBC) with a comprehensive focus on those that have been published since the year 2000, but including the milestones and key citations of earlier work. We include an overview on the weakly coordinating anions (WCAs) used to stabilize the rPBC and give an overview to WCA selection, ionization strategies for rPBC-formation and finally list the rPBC ordered in their respective group from 13 to 18. However, typical, often more organic ion classes that constitute for example ionic liquids (imidazolium, ammonium, etc.) were omitted, as were those that do not fulfill the - naturally subjective -"reactive"-criterion of the rPBC. As a rule, we only included rPBC with crystal structure and only rarely refer to important cations published without crystal structure. This collection is intended for those who are simply interested what has been done or what is possible, as well as those who seek advice on preparative issues, up to people having a certain application in mind, where the knowledge on the existence of a rPBC that might play a role as an intermediate or active center may be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A. Engesser
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| | - Martin R. Lichtenthaler
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| | - Mario Schleep
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
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10
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Mazej Z, Goreshnik EA. Largest perfluorometallate [Ti10F45]5−oligomer and polymeric ([Ti3F13]−)∞and ([TiF5]−)∞anions prepared as [XeF5]+salts. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj00955g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
[XeF5]5[Ti10F45] consists of the largest known discrete [Ti10F45]5−anion built from ten TiF6octahedra, in the shape of a double-star.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Mazej
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology
- Jožef Stefan Institute
- 1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Evgeny A. Goreshnik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology
- Jožef Stefan Institute
- 1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
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11
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Davidovich RL, Marinin DV, Stavila V, Whitmire KH. Structural chemistry of fluoride and oxofluoride complexes of titanium(IV). Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Mazej Z, Goreshnik E. [XeF
5
]
+
/Metal and [XeF
5
]
+
/Non‐Metal Mixed‐Cation Salts of Hexafluoridoantimonate(V). Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Mazej
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, http://k1.ijs.si/en/ http://www.ijs.si/ijsw/JSI
| | - Evgeny Goreshnik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, http://k1.ijs.si/en/ http://www.ijs.si/ijsw/JSI
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13
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Nikiforov GB, Roesky HW, Koley D. A survey of titanium fluoride complexes, their preparation, reactivity, and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Shlyapnikov IM, Mercier HPA, Goreshnik EA, Schrobilgen GJ, Mazej Z. Crystal structures and Raman spectra of imidazolium poly[perfluorotitanate(IV)] salts containing the [TiF6]2-, ([Ti2F9]-)∞, and [Ti2F11]3- and the new [Ti4F20]4- and [Ti5F23]3- anions. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:8315-26. [PMID: 23837817 DOI: 10.1021/ic302468j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactions between imidazole (Im, C3H4N2) and TiF4 in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (aHF) in different molar ratios have yielded [ImH]2[TiF6]·2HF, [ImH]3[Ti2F11], [ImH]4[Ti4F20], [ImH]3[Ti5F23], and [ImH][Ti2F9] upon crystallization. All five structures were characterized by low-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The single-crystal Raman spectra of [ImH]4[Ti4F20], [ImH]3[Ti5F23], and [ImH][Ti2F9] were also recorded and assigned. In the crystal structure of [ImH]2[TiF6]·2HF, two HF molecules are coordinated to each [TiF6](2-) anion by means of strong F-H···F hydrogen bonds. The [Ti2F11](3-) anion of [ImH]3[Ti2F11] results from association of two TiF6 octahedra through a common fluorine vertex. Three crystallographically independent [Ti2F11](3-) anions, which have distinct geometries and orientations, are hydrogen-bonded to the [ImH](+) cations. The [ImH]4[Ti4F20] salt crystallized in two crystal modifications at low (α-phase, 200 K) and ambient (β-phase, 298 K) temperatures. The tetrameric [Ti4F20](4-) anion of [ImH]4[Ti4F20] consists of rings of four TiF6 octahedra, which each share two cis-fluorine vertices, whereas the pentameric [Ti5F23](3-) anion of [ImH]3[Ti5F23] results from association of five TiF6 units, where four of the TiF6 octahedra share two cis-vertices, forming a tetrameric ring as in [Ti4F20](4-), and the fifth TiF6 unit shares three fluorine vertices with three TiF6 units of the tetrameric ring. The [ImH][Ti2F9] salt also crystallizes in two crystal modifications at low (α-phase, 200 K) and high (β-phase, 298 K) temperatures and contains polymeric ([Ti2F9](-))∞ anions, which appear as two parallel infinite zigzag chains comprised of TiF6 units, where each TiF6 unit of one chain is connected to a TiF6 unit of the second chain through a shared fluorine vertex. Quantum-chemical calculations at the B3LYP/SDDALL level of theory were used to arrive at the gas-phase geometries and vibrational frequencies of the [Ti4F20](4-) and [Ti5F23](3-) anions, which aided in the assignment of the experimental vibrational frequencies of the anion series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor M Shlyapnikov
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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15
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Shlyapnikov IM, Goreshnik EA, Mazej Z. The cubic [Ti8F36]4− anion found in the crystal structures of K4Ti8F36·8HF and Rb4Ti8F36·6HF. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2703-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc40756j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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