Self-Assembly from Two-Dimensional Layered Networks to Tetranuclear Structures: Syntheses, Structures, and Properties of Four Copper-Thiacalix[4]arene Compounds

Synthesis, Structure, and Characterization of Thiacalix[4]-2,8-thianthrene

Sulfur-containing macrocycles have attracted substantial interest because they exhibit unique characteristics due to their polygonal ring-shaped skeleton. In this study, a thianthrene-based cyclic tetramer with the sulfur linker, thiacalix[4]-2,8-thianthrene (TC[4]TT), was successfully prepared from a cyclo-p-phenylenesulfide derivative using acid-induced intramolecular condensation. Single crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that TC[4]TT adopts an alternative octagonal form recessed to the inner side. Its internal cavity included small solvents, such as chloroform and carbon disulfide. Due to its polygonal geometry, TC[4]TT laminated in a honeycomb-like pattern with a porous channel. Furthermore, TC[4]TT showed fluorescence and phosphorescence emission in a CH₂Cl₂ solution at ambient and liquid nitrogen temperatures. Both emission bands were slightly redshifted compared with those of the reference compounds (di(thanthren-2-yl)sulfane (TT₂S) and thianthrene (TT)). This work describes a sulfur-containing thiacalixheterocycle-based macrocyclic system with intriguing supramolecular chemistry based on molecular tiling and photophysical properties in solution.

2,2’-Ethylenebis(1,3-dithiane) as polydentate m2-, m4- and m5-assembling ligand for the construction of sulphur-rich Cu(I), Hg(II) and heterometallic Cu(I)/Hg(II) coordination polymers featuring uncommon network architectures

With the aim to elaborate novel and inexpensive sulphur-rich materials featuring unusual network architectures, the coordination chemistry of the tetradentate thiaheterocycle 1,2-di(1,3-dithian-2-yl)ethane L1 ligand toward CuX and HgX2 salts was...

1,3-Dithianes as Assembling Ligands for the Construction of Copper(I) Coordination Polymers. Investigation of the Impact of the RC(H)S2C3H6 Substituent and Reaction Conditions on the Architecture of the 0D-3D Networks

The parent compound 1,3-dithiane (L1) was reacted with CuI providing the 1D coordination polymer [{Cu(μ₂-I)₂Cu}(μ₂-L1)₂] _n (CP1), an isostructural compound [{Cu(μ₂-Br)₂Cu}(μ₂-L1)₂] _n (CP2) was isolated upon treatment of CuBr with L1. In contrast, treatment of L1 with CuCl results in the formation of 2D polymeric [{Cu(μ₂-Cl)₂Cu}(μ₂-L1)] _n (CP3), in which each sulfur atom acts as a 4-electron donor. The 1D compounds [{Cu(μ₂-X)₂Cu}(μ₂-L2)₂] _n (CP7, X = Br, and CP8, X = Cl) resulting from treatment of 2-methyl-1,3 dithiane (L2) with CuBr and CuCl are isostructural with their CuI homologue [{Cu(μ₂-I)₂Cu}(μ₂-L2)₂] _n (CP5), reported previously. Using CuCN, a 2D CP of composition [{Cu(μ₂-CN)₂Cu}(μ₂-L2)₂] _n (CP9) has been isolated. Complexation of 2-isobutyl-1,3-dithiane (L3) on CuI generates a 2D material [{Cu₃(μ₃-I)(μ₂-I)₂(μ₂-L3)₂}] _n (CP10), incorporating the usual trinuclear μ₃-I-capped Cu clusters as SBUs, whereas 2D-polymeric compounds [{Cu(μ₂-Br)₂Cu}(μ₂-L3)₂] _n (CP11) and [{Cu(μ₂-Cl)₂Cu}(μ₂-L3)₂] _n (CP12) were obtained with CuBr and CuCl. Treatment of 2-Me₃Si-1,3-dithiane (L4) with CuX yields the series [{Cu₂(μ₄-X)(μ₂-X)}(μ₂-L4)] _n (CP13-CP15). With 2-phenyl-1,3-dithiane (L5), the outcome of the reaction with CuI depends on the reaction conditions. Reaction with CuI in MeCN provides a 1D ribbon [{Cu(μ₂-I)₂Cu}(MeCN)₂(μ₂-L5)₂] _n (CP16), whereas treatment of CuI with L5 in hot EtCN yields 2D-polymeric[{Cu₃(μ₃-I)(μ₂-I)₂(μ₂-L5)₂}] _n (CP17). A reversible phase transition from triclinic P1̅ to monoclinic P2₁/ m is observed when recording the structure of CP16 at five different temperatures in the 100-300 K range. Ligand L6 containing a ferrocenyl function at the 2-position was also probed as organometallic dithioether ligand. Reaction of L6 with 1 equiv of CuI produces the 0D dinuclear complex [{Cu(μ₂-I)₂Cu}(η¹-L6)₂(MeCN)₂] (D1), whereas treatment with 2 equiv of CuI affords the novel 1D CP [{Cu(μ₃-I)₂Cu}(μ-L6)] _n (CP18), in which both S atoms of one L6 molecule span two copper centers of the infinite (CuI) _n ribbon. Some selected results of thermal analyses and luminescence measurements are also presented.

Molecular tectonics: high dimensional coordination networks based on methylenecarboxylate-appended tetramercaptothiacalix[4]arene in the 1,3-alternate conformation

Tetrasubstituted methylenecarboxylic-appended tetra-mercaptotetrathiacalix[4]arene (TMTCA), combined with transition metals, lead to high-dimensional coordination polymers.

Molecular tectonics: dimensionality and geometry control of silver coordination networks based on pyrazolyl appended thiacalixarenes

Combinations of six new tetrakis-pyrazolyl appended calix[4]arenes derivatives, blocked in 1,3-A conformation as coordinating tectons, with AgX salts (X = NO₃⁻, BF₄⁻, XF₆⁻ (X = P, As and Sb)) lead to nine new silver coordination networks.

Magnetic Studies of Metal Ion Coordination Clusters Encapsulated with Thiacalixarene

Three thiacalix[4]arene polynuclear complexes have been prepared by literature methods for detailed magnetic investigation. The [Fe3O(L)2] (LH4 = thiacalix[4]arene) complex is found to exhibit interesting anti-ferromagnetic exchange coupling. Jahn–Teller distortion in [Cu4(L)2] complex leads to strong anti-ferromagnetic coupling at low temperatures. The temperature-dependent susceptibility of the [(μ-H2O)Eu2(LH)2(DMF)4] complex is well described by a ground state involving the thermal population of the lowest three excited states.

Molecular tectonics: generation of grid and porous diamondoid coordination networks by calixarene based tectons

Combinations of tetrakis meta-pyridyl appended tetrathia- or tetrathiamercapto-calix[4]arene in 1,3-A conformation with MX₂ (M = Cd, Co or Fe, X = Cl or Br), behaving as a neutral metallatecton, lead to 2D grid type and 3D porous diamondoid coordination networks.