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O'Sullivan OT, Zdilla MJ. Properties and Promise of Catenated Nitrogen Systems As High-Energy-Density Materials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5682-5744. [PMID: 32543838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The properties of catenated nitrogen molecules, molecules containing internal chains of bonded nitrogen atoms, is of fundamental scientific interest in chemical structure and bonding, as nitrogen is uniquely situated in the periodic table to form kinetically stable compounds often with chemically stable N-N bonds but which are thermodynamically unstable in that the formation of stable multiply bonded N2 is usually thermodynamically preferable. This unique placement in the periodic table makes catenated nitrogen compounds of interest for development of high-energy-density materials, including explosives for defense and construction purposes, as well as propellants for missile propulsion and for space exploration. This review, designed for a chemical audience, describes foundational subjects, methods, and metrics relevant to the energetic materials community and provides an overview of important classes of catenated nitrogen compounds ranging from theoretical investigation of hypothetical molecules to the practical application of real-world energetic materials. The review is intended to provide detailed chemical insight into the synthesis and decomposition of such materials as well as foundational knowledge of energetic science new to most chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen T O'Sullivan
- ASEE Fellow, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Division (NSWC IHD), 4005 Indian Head Hwy, Indian Head, Maryland 20640, United States
| | - Michael J Zdilla
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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Matavos-Aramyan S, Soukhakian S, Jazebizadeh MH. Mononuclear Cu Complexes Based on Nitrogen Heterocyclic Carbene: A Comprehensive Review. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2020; 378:39. [PMID: 32367181 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-00304-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, organometallic, coordination, and catalytic chemistry of the three-dimensional metals such as copper (Cu) has been greatly affected by the emergence of nitrogen heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes. The NHCs, and in particular the mononuclear CuI-based ones, have been proven vastly useful in several applications such as in biosynthesis, catalysis, photochemistry, etc. This review tries to thoroughly describe a series of mononuclear CuI NHC complexes and their subcategories such as heteroleptics, and bidentate and tridentate heteroatom complexes, and give some detailed insights on their development, emergence, and applications. A brief outlook is also disclosed to enable other researchers to further develop a platform for future advances and studies in the field of CuI-based NHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Matavos-Aramyan
- Research and Development Department, Division of Chemistry, Raazi Environmental Protection Foundation, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sadaf Soukhakian
- Research and Development Department, Division of Chemistry, Raazi Environmental Protection Foundation, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Jazebizadeh
- Research and Development Department, Division of Chemistry, Raazi Environmental Protection Foundation, Shiraz, Iran
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Danopoulos AA, Simler T, Braunstein P. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Copper, Nickel, and Cobalt. Chem Rev 2019; 119:3730-3961. [PMID: 30843688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of N-heterocyclic carbenes as ligands across the Periodic Table had an impact on various aspects of the coordination, organometallic, and catalytic chemistry of the 3d metals, including Cu, Ni, and Co, both from the fundamental viewpoint but also in applications, including catalysis, photophysics, bioorganometallic chemistry, materials, etc. In this review, the emergence, development, and state of the art in these three areas are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A Danopoulos
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis Zografou , Athens GR 15771 , Greece.,Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Chimie UMR 7177 , Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination , Strasbourg 67081 Cedex , France
| | - Thomas Simler
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Chimie UMR 7177 , Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination , Strasbourg 67081 Cedex , France
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Chimie UMR 7177 , Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination , Strasbourg 67081 Cedex , France
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Liu Z, Ganguly R, Vidović D. Pursuing the active species in an aluminium-based Lewis acid system for catalytic Diels-Alder cycloadditions. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:753-759. [PMID: 27991617 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04213a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Several Al-based complexes supported by a bis(imino)aryl NCN pincer ligand have been prepared. Systematic structural and experimental evidence identified a cationic species, supported by a THF molecule, as the best Lewis acid precatalyst for a range of Diels-Alder cycloadditions. This highlighted the importance of fully isolating and characterizing the active species in any catalytic process especially when Lewis acids are used due to the presence of hidden Brønsted acids (HBAs). Finally, the control experiments conducted in order to eliminate HBA activity that involve a bulky pyridine base should be performed with caution as the corresponding protonated pyridinium salt could also serve as a proton source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhou Liu
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
| | - Dragoslav Vidović
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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Molteni R, Edkins K, Haehnel M, Steffen A. C–H Activation of Fluoroarenes: Synthesis, Structure, and Luminescence Properties of Copper(I) and Gold(I) Complexes Bearing 2-Phenylpyridine Ligands. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Molteni
- Institut
für Anorganische
Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Edkins
- Institut
für Anorganische
Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Haehnel
- Institut
für Anorganische
Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Institut
für Anorganische
Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Dash C, Yousufuddin M, Cundari TR, Dias HVR. Gold-Mediated Expulsion of Dinitrogen from Organic Azides. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:15479-88. [DOI: 10.1021/ja406027x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakanta Dash
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Muhammed Yousufuddin
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - H. V. Rasika Dias
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
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Harford PJ, Wheatley AEH. Alkali/coinage metals – organolithium, organocuprate chemistry. ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849734868-00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Part 1 of this chapter reviews coordination compounds of the alkali metals that contain a carbon-metal bond, looking firstly at organolithiums involving simple silanes. The use of aryl, alkynyl and N-donor ligands is also discussed. Compounds of the coinage metals - copper, silver and gold - are discussed in Part 2 of the review. Discussion is broken down by metal, with copper being considered first. Compounds containing, among others, alkene, amido and phosphido ligands are discussed, along with the significant amount of work on carbene complexes. This interest in carbene complexes is also noted within the silver and gold sections that follow, with a large number of new compounds being described. Polymeric chains and networks containing silver centres have attracted considerable interest and are described, along with the luminescent properties of a selection of novel gold species. This part of the review is completed by coverage of mixed-coinage metal structures, where the systems are found to display luminescent properties. Here again, the compounds discussed contain at least one carbon-metal bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J. Harford
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW U.K
| | - Andrew E. H. Wheatley
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW U.K
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Zhao N, Zhang J, Yang Y, Zhu H, Li Y, Fu G. β-Diketiminate Germylene-Supported Pentafluorophenylcopper(I) and -silver(I) Complexes [LGe(Me)(CuC6F5)n]2 (n = 1, 2), LGe[C(SiMe3)N2]AgC6F5, and {LGe[C(SiMe3)N2](AgC6F5)2}2 (L = HC[C(Me)N-2,6-iPr2C6H3]2): Synthesis and Structural Characterization. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:8710-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ic300216m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
of Solid
Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions
of Alcohols−Ethers−Esters, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
of Solid
Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions
of Alcohols−Ethers−Esters, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
of Solid
Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions
of Alcohols−Ethers−Esters, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Hongping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
of Solid
Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions
of Alcohols−Ethers−Esters, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
of Solid
Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions
of Alcohols−Ethers−Esters, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Gang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
of Solid
Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions
of Alcohols−Ethers−Esters, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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Tan G, Zhu H. Probing Stepwise Reaction of NNP–Ligand Copper(I) Complex with Elemental Sulfur by UsingN-Heterocyclic Carbene as a Trapper. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:6979-86. [DOI: 10.1021/ic200008z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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