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Valdés H, Germán-Acacio JM, van Koten G, Morales-Morales D. Bimetallic complexes that merge metallocene and pincer-metal building blocks: synthesis, stereochemistry and catalytic reactivity. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:1724-1744. [PMID: 34985477 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03870b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This perspective is to illustrate the synthesis and applications of bimetallic complexes by merging a metallocene and a (cyclopentadienyl/aryl) pincer metal complex. Four possible ways to merge metallocene and pincer-metal motifs are reported and representative examples are discussed in more detail. These bimetallic complexes have been employed in some important catalytic reactions such as cross-coupling, transfer hydrogenation or synthesis of ammonia. The metallocene fragment may tune the electronic properties of the pincer ligand, due to its redox reversible properties. Also, the presence of two metals in a single complex allows their electronic communication, which proved beneficial for, e.g., the catalytic activity of some species. The presence of the metallocene fragment provides an excellent opportunity to develop chiral catalysts, because the metallocene merger generally renders the two faces of the pincer-metal catalytic site diastereotopic. Besides, an extra chiral functionality may be added to the bimetallic species by using pincer motifs that are planar chiral, e.g. by using the different substituents of pincer ligand "arms" or non-symmetrical arene groupings. Post-functionalization of pre-formed pincer-metal complexes, via η6-coordination with an areneophile such as [CpRu]+ and [Cp*Ru]+ presents a striking strategy to obtain diastereomeric metallocene-pincer type derivatives, that actually involve half-sandwich metallocenes. This approach offers the possibility to create diastereomerically pure derivatives by using the chiral TRISPHAT anion. The authors hope that this report of the synthetic, physico-chemical properties and remarkable catalytic activities of metallocene-based pincer-metal complexes will inspire other researchers to continue exploring this realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Valdés
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, Girona E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Juan M Germán-Acacio
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, C. P.14000, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gerard van Koten
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David Morales-Morales
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México. C. P. 04510, Mexico.
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2
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Canty AJ, Ariafard A, van Koten G. Computational Study of Bridge Splitting, Aryl Halide Oxidative Addition to Pt II , and Reductive Elimination from Pt IV : Route to Pincer-Pt II Reagents with Chemical and Biological Applications. Chemistry 2021; 27:15426-15433. [PMID: 34473849 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory computation indicates that bridge splitting of [PtII R2 (μ-SEt2 )]2 proceeds by partial dissociation to form R2 Pta (μ-SEt2 )Ptb R2 (SEt2 ), followed by coordination of N-donor bromoarenes (L-Br) at Pta leading to release of Ptb R2 (SEt2 ), which reacts with a second molecule of L-Br, providing two molecules of PtR2 (SEt2 )(L-Br-N). For R=4-tolyl (Tol), L-Br=2,6-(pzCH2 )2 C6 H3 Br (pz=pyrazol-1-yl) and 2,6-(Me2 NCH2 )2 C6 H3 Br, subsequent oxidative addition assisted by intramolecular N-donor coordination via PtII Tol2 (L-N,Br) and reductive elimination from PtIV intermediates gives mer-PtII (L-N,C,N)Br and Tol2 . The strong σ-donor influence of Tol groups results in subtle differences in oxidative addition mechanisms when compared with related aryl halide oxidative addition to palladium(II) centres. For R=Me and L-Br=2,6-(pzCH2 )2 C6 H3 Br, a stable PtIV product, fac-PtIV Me2 {2,6-(pzCH2 )2 C6 H3 -N,C,N)Br is predicted, as reported experimentally, acting as a model for undetected and unstable PtIV Tol2 {L-N,C,N}Br undergoing facile Tol2 reductive elimination. The mechanisms reported herein enable the synthesis of PtII pincer reagents with applications in materials and bio-organometallic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan J Canty
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Gerard van Koten
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Canty AJ, Ariafard A, van Koten G. Computational Analysis of Mesomerism in para-Substituted mer-NCN Pincer Platinum(II) Complexes, Including its Relationships with Hammett σ p Substituent Parameters. Chemistry 2020; 26:15629-15635. [PMID: 32696509 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Density Functional Theory studies of square-planar PtII pincer structures, (4-Z-NCN)PtCl ([4-Z-NCN]- =[4-Z-2,6-(Me2 NCH2 )2 C6 H2 -N,C,N]- , Z=H, NO2 , CF3 , CO2 H, CHO, Cl, Br, I, F, SMe, SiMe3 , tBu, OH, NH2 , NMe2 ), enable characterisation of mesomerism for the pincer-Pt interaction. Relationships between Hammett σp substituent parameters of Z and DFT data obtained from NBO6 and AOMix computation are used to probe the interaction of the 5dyz orbital of platinum with π-orbitals of the arene ring. Analogous computation for 2,6-(Me2 CH2 )2 C6 H3 Z (Z=H, CF3 , CHO, Cl, Br, I, F, SMe, SiMe3 , tBu, OH, NH2 ) and (4-H-NCN)PtZ allows an estimation of the relative substituent effects of "(CH2 NMe2 )2 PtZ" on π-delocalisation in the pincer system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan J Canty
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Gerard van Koten
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Kuriyama S, Arashiba K, Nakajima K, Tanaka H, Yoshizawa K, Nishibayashi Y. Azaferrocene-Based PNP-Type Pincer Ligand: Synthesis of Molybdenum, Chromium, and Iron Complexes and Reactivity toward Nitrogen Fixation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201601051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Kuriyama
- Department of Systems Innovation; School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku 113-8656 Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazuya Arashiba
- Department of Systems Innovation; School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku 113-8656 Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazunari Nakajima
- Department of Systems Innovation; School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku 113-8656 Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering; Kyushu University; Nishi-ku 819-0395 Fukuoka Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB); Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku 615-8520 Kyoto Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering; Kyushu University; Nishi-ku 819-0395 Fukuoka Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB); Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku 615-8520 Kyoto Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Systems Innovation; School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku 113-8656 Tokyo Japan
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Asay M, Morales-Morales D. Non-symmetric pincer ligands: complexes and applications in catalysis. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:17432-47. [PMID: 26396037 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02295a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pincer ligands have become ubiquitous in organometallic chemistry and homogeneous catalysis. Recently, new varieties of pincer ligands with non-symmetrical backbones and/or ligating groups have been reported and their application in transition metal complexes has been exploited in a variety of catalytic transformations. This non-symmetric approach vastly increases the structural and electronic diversity of this class of ligand. This approach has proven beneficial in a variety of ways, such as the use of a single weakly coordinating moiety, which can dissociate and thereby create a vacant coordination site to increase the catalyst activity. Additionally, this provides further access to chiral ligands and complexes for asymmetric induction. This perspective highlights recent, important examples of non-symmetric pincer ligands, which feature aryl or pyridine backbones, and the synthesis and use of subsequent complexes in catalytic transformations, and discusses the future potential of this type of ligand system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Asay
- Instituto de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior S/N, Cuidad Universitaria Coyoacan, C.P. 04510, Mexico D.F., Mexico.
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Asay M, Morales-Morales D. Recent Advances on the Chemistry of POCOP–Nickel Pincer Compounds. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2015_135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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7
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Batcup R, Annibale VT, Song D. Heterodinuclear complexes of 4,5-diazafluorene derivatives displaying η(5),κ(2)-[N,N] and η(5),κ(1)-N coordination modes. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:8951-8. [PMID: 24803106 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01165a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses and structures for a series of heterodinuclear complexes of 4,5-diazafluorenyl (L(-)) and 3,6-dimesityl-4,5-diazafluorenyl (LMes(-)) ligands are reported herein. In all these heterodinuclear complexes, the Ru(II) centre is sandwiched between a pentamethylcyclopentadienyl (Cp*) ligand and the C5 ring of L(-) or LMes(-) in a double η(5) fashion, while the other metal (Fe(II), Co(II), Pt(II), or Cu(I)) is bound to the N-donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys Batcup
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6.
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Substitution reactions in dinuclear platinum(II) complexes: an evaluation of the influence of the diazine-bridging ligand on reactivity. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-013-9726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Espinosa-Jalapa NÁ, Hernández-Ortega S, Le Goff XF, Morales-Morales D, Djukic JP, Le Lagadec R. Coordination of 12-Electron Organometallic Fragments to the Arene Ring of Nonsymmetric Group 10 POCOP Pincer Complexes. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400147x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noel Ángel Espinosa-Jalapa
- Instituto de Quı́mica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito
Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México D. F., Mexico
| | - Simón Hernández-Ortega
- Instituto de Quı́mica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito
Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México D. F., Mexico
| | - Xavier-Fredéric Le Goff
- Laboratoire Hetéro-élément et Coordination, Ecole Polytechnique, Route de Saclay,
91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - David Morales-Morales
- Instituto de Quı́mica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito
Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México D. F., Mexico
| | - Jean-Pierre Djukic
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR CNRS 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal,
67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ronan Le Lagadec
- Instituto de Quı́mica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito
Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México D. F., Mexico
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Espinosa-Jalapa NÁ, Hernández-Ortega S, Morales-Morales D, Le Lagadec R. Facile synthesis of heterobimetallic compounds from the cyclopentadienyl-ruthenium moiety and group 10 POCOP pincer complexes. J Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Bonnet S, van Lenthe JH, van Dam HJJ, van Koten G, Klein Gebbink RJM. SO2-binding properties of cationic η6,η1-NCN-pincer arene ruthenium platinum complexes: spectroscopic and theoretical studies. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:2542-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01437k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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