Coordination Chemistry of Thiazole-Based Ligands: New Complexes Generating 3D Hydrogen-Bonded Architectures

Efficient extraction of nickel from chloride system using a cleaner extractant: Taking the example of processing nickel-aluminum slag remaining from spent hydroprocessing catalysts

The efficient recovery of nickel from chloride systems has long presented a challenge in the field. While solvent extraction is a viable approach, conventional extractants have been associated with drawbacks such as a high requirement for chloride ions and substantial consumption of acids and alkalis. In response to these challenges, this investigation developed and synthesized a novel thiazole-based extractant, N, N-Bis(4-thiazolylmethyl)octylamine (NNBT), tailored for the selective extraction of nickel from chloride systems. Findings from the study indicate that the nitrogen atom situated on the benzylamine framework within NNBT can interact synergistically with the chelating thiazole ring, facilitating effective nickel extraction and notably reducing the need for chloride ions. Furthermore, the extractant can be regenerated using deionized water, thereby obviating the necessity for additional consumption of acids and alkalis. Following the validation of NNBT as an environmentally sustainable and efficient nickel extractant within the chloride ion system, it was successfully employed to selectively and effectively extract nickel from the nickel-aluminum slag of spent HDP catalyst. The extracted nickel and aluminum were subsequently processed into electroplated nickel chloride and polyaluminum chloride, respectively, meeting the national standards of China. These outcomes underscore the eco-friendliness and promise of NNBT for nickel extraction from chloride systems.

Carbon-14 Labeling Synthesis of RORγt Inhibitor JNJ-61803534

Carbon-14 labeling synthesis of RORγt inhibitor JNJ-61803534 (1) was accomplished in four steps with the C14 label located at the thiazole-2-carboxamide carbon. The synthesis featured a highly efficient conversion of nitrile [14C]-12 to ester [14C]-17 under mild conditions via an imidate intermediate, overcoming the unsuccessful direct hydrolysis of nitrile 12 under either acidic or basic conditions. Since carbon-14 labeling via [14C]-nitrile installation and subsequent conversion to [14C]-carboxylic acid derivatives is a common labeling strategy, an efficient conversion of a nitrile to an ester under mild conditions could be of use for the future C14 labeling syntheses.

5-N-Arylaminothiazoles with pyridyl groups and their first-row transition metal complexes: synthesis, photophysical properties, and Zn sensing

A series of 5-N-arylaminothiazoles were synthesized with facile diversity-oriented synthesis from readily available starting materials via the reaction of thioamide dianions and thioformamides. The introduction of various substituents at the 2-position of a thiazole ring (i.e., 2-pyridyl, 4-methylpyridyl, and phenyl groups) and on the nitrogen atom (i.e., p-tolyl and phenyl groups) significantly influenced the absorption and emission spectra of the isolated compounds. X-ray analysis confirmed that the substituents at the amino site were twisted from a thiazole ring, while the formation of its nickel complex showed dinuclear metal complexes bridged with chlorine atoms. Moreover, the formation of zinc-thiazole complexes showed enhanced emission properties in solution and noticeable emission in a solid state. In addition, thiazole-bridged dypyrromethene type ligands showed high selectivity toward Zn+2, which make them good candidates for zinc sensing.

Crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analysis of transition-metal complexes of 1,3-azolecarboxylic acids

The crystal structures of five new transition-metal complexes synthesized using thiazole-2-carboxylic acid (2-Htza), imidazole-2-carboxylic acid (2-H₂ima) or 1,3-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid (4-Hoxa), namely diaquabis(thiazole-2-carboxylato-κ²N,O)cobalt(II), [Co(C₄H₂NO₂S)₂(H₂O)₂], 1, diaquabis(thiazole-2-carboxylato-κ²N,O)nickel(II), [Ni(C₄H₂NO₂S)₂(H₂O)₂], 2, diaquabis(thiazole-2-carboxylato-κ²N,O)cadmium(II), [Cd(C₄H₂NO₂S)₂(H₂O)₂], 3, diaquabis(1H-imidazole-2-carboxylato-κ²N³,O)cobalt(II), [Co(C₄H₂N₂O₂)₂(H₂O)₂], 4, and diaquabis(1,3-oxazole-4-carboxylato-κ²N,O⁴)cobalt(II), [Co(C₄H₂NO₃)₂(H₂O)₂], 5, are reported. The influence of the nature of the heteroatom and the position of the carboxyl group in relation to the heteroatom on the self-assembly process are discussed based upon Hirshfeld surface analysis and used to explain the observed differences in the single-crystal structures and the supramolecular frameworks and topologies of complexes 1-5.

endo- versus exo-Cyclic coordination in copper complexes with methylthiazolylcarboxylate tacn derivatives

Three tacn (1,4,7-triazacyclononane)-based ligands substituted by methylthiazolylcarboxylate (tha) and/or methylthiazolyl (th) arms have been examined for copper complexation with the aim to study the impact of carboxylate groups on the complexation of Cu(ii), which can present an endo- or exo-cyclic coordination. Two new ligands have been synthesised: H₃no3tha, tacn bearing three methylthiazolylcarboxylate arms, and H₂no1th2tha, tacn with one methylthiazolyl and two methylthiazolylcarboxylate arms, while Hno2th1tha had already been described. Their complexation behaviour with 1 or 1.5 equivalents of metal was studied on the basis of preliminary results showing the tendency of tha arms to form exocyclic polynuclear species. The solid state studies of the Cu(ii) and Zn(ii) complexes were investigated and some of their structures were characterised by X-ray diffraction. The physicochemical properties of the complexes in solution were also investigated by means of potentiometric measurements, UV-vis spectroscopy, EPR and computational studies, NMR characterisation of the corresponding Zn(ii) complexes and redox behaviour by electrochemistry. Mono- and tri-nuclear complexes ML and M₃L₂ were formed and isolated, highlighting the tendency of methylthiazolylcarboxylate arms, when carried by a tacn platform, to form exo-cyclic and polynuclear complexes. However, this exhaustive study evidences that the "out of cage" and "in cage" present different behaviour in terms of stability.

Crystal structure of (1,3-thia-zole-2-carboxyl-ato-κN)(1,3-thia-zole-2-carb-oxy-lic acid-κN)silver(I)

The linear two-coordinate silver (I) complex [Ag(C4H2NO2S)(C4H3NO2S)] or [Ag(2-Htza)(2-tza)] is reported (2-Htza = 1,3-thia-zole-2-carb-oxy-lic acid). The AgI ion is coordinated by two heterocyclic N atoms from two ligands in a linear configuration, forming a discrete coordination complex. There is an O-H⋯O hydrogen bond between 2-tza- and 2tzaH of adjacent complexes. The hydrogen atom is shared between the two oxygen atoms. This inter-action produces a hydrogen-bonded tape parallel to the [110] direction, which is augmented through inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions between the bound thia-zole groups. There is a further rather long Ag⋯O inter-action [2.8401 (13) Å, compared with a mean of 2.54 (11) Å for 23 structures in the CSD] that assembles these tapes into columns, between which there are C-H⋯π inter-actions, leading to the formation of a three-dimensional supra-molecular architecture.

Structural Transformations of Amino-Acid-Based Polymers: Syntheses and Structural Characterization

A discrete complex [Zn(tpro)₂(H₂O)₂] (1, Htpro = l-thioproline), and two structural isomers of coordination polymers, a 1D chain of [Zn(tpro)₂]_n (2) and a layered structure [Zn(tpro)₂]_n (3), were synthesized and characterized. The discrete complex 1 undergoes a temperature-driven structural transformation, leading to the formation of a 1D helical coordination polymer 2. Compound 3 is comprised of a 2D homochiral layer network with a (4,4) topology. These layers are mutually linked through hydrogen bonding interactions, resulting in the formation of a 3D network. When 1 is heated, it undergoes nearly complete conversion to the microcrystalline form, i.e., compound 2, which was confirmed by powder X-ray diffractions (PXRD). The carboxylate motifs could be activated after removing the coordinated water molecules by heating at temperatures of up to 150 °C, their orientations becoming distorted, after which, they attacked the activation sites of the Zn(II) centers, leading to the formation of a 1D helix. Moreover, a portion of the PXRD pattern of 1 was converted into the patterns corresponding to 2 and 3, and the ratio between 2 and 3 was precisely determined by the simulation study of in-situ synchrotron PXRD expriments. Consequently, such a 0D complex is capable of underdoing structural transformations and can be converted into 1D and/or 2D amino acid-based coordination polymers.

Access to Fully Substituted Thiazoles and 2,3-Dihydrothiazoles via Copper-Catalyzed [4 + 1] Heterocyclization of α-(N-Hydroxy/aryl)imino-β-oxodithioesters with α-Diazocarbonyls

An efficient chemoselective practical route to fully substituted thiazoles and 2,3-dihydrothiazoles has been devised by [4 + 1] heterocyclization of α-(N-hydroxy/aryl)imino-β-oxodithioesters with in situ generated Cu-carbenoids of diazocarbonyls. The α-(N-hydroxy/aryl)imino-β-oxodithioesters are readily accessible by the reaction of β-oxodithioesters with nitrous acid/nitrosoarenes. The overall transformation involves sequential N-O/C-N bonds cleavage followed by cascade C-N/C-S bonds formation in one-pot. This new strategy allows full control over the introduction of various sensitive functional groups at different positions of the thiazole ring, broadening the arsenal of synthetic methods to obtain such scaffolds.

A tetranuclear Sn(IV) 4-thiazolecarboxylate complex: synthesis, structure and catalytic behavior in the bulk ring-opening polymerization of glycolide

The reaction of 4-thiazolecarboxylic acid (Htzc) and dimethyltin(IV) dichloride with NaOH in mixed MeOH-H2O solvent led to the formation of a new Sn(IV) complex (Me2Sn)4(μ 3-O)2(tzc)4 (1). Its structure has been characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that complex 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic P21/c space group with Z = 2 and has a tetranuclear structure with crystallographically imposed centrosymmetry. The as-synthesized complex 1 was found to be active toward the bulk solvent-free polymerization of glycolide, producing poly(glycolic acid) with a number-average molecular weight up to 55.5 kDa.

Thiazoyl phosphines. Design, reactivity, and complexation

Thiazoylphosphines have been prepared through regioselective structural modifications as well as some of their Ru and Au complexes.

Structural features and applications of metal–organic frameworks containing thiazole- and thiazolidine-based spacers

This highlight describes the crystal structures and network topology of thiazole- and thiazolidine-containing MOFs and CPs along with their applications in the fields of CO₂ adsorption, luminescence, magnetism and heterogeneous catalysis.

2,4-Dimethyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid: an X-ray structural study at 100 K and Hirshfeld surface analysis

The crystal structure of the title thiazolecarboxylic acid derivative, C6H7NO2S, (I), has been determined from single-crystal X-ray analysis at 100 K. In the crystal packing, an interplay of O—H...N and C—H...O hydrogen bonds connects the molecules to formC(6)R22(8) polymeric chains, which are further linkedviaweak C—H...O hydrogen bonds into a two-dimensional supramolecular framework. The relative contributions of different interactions to the Hirshfeld surface in (I) and a few related thiazolecarboxylic acid derivatives indicate that the H...H, N...H and O...H contacts can account for about 50–70% of the total Hirshfeld surface area in this class of compound.