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Silva HVR, da Silva GÁF, Zavan B, Machado RP, de Araujo-Neto JH, Ellena JA, Ionta M, Barbosa MIF, Doriguetto AC. The nicotinamide ruthenium(II) complex induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in melanoma cells. Polyhedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Zhang Z, Yu HJ, Wu S, Huang H, Si LP, Liu HY, Shi L, Zhang HT. Synthesis, characterization, and photodynamic therapy activity of 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(carboxyl)porphyrin. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:2598-2608. [PMID: 30992204 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble porphyrins are considered promising drug candidates for photodynamic therapy (PDT). This study investigated the PDT activity of a new water-soluble, anionic porphyrin (1-Zn), which possesses four negative charges. The photodynamic anticancer activity of 1-Zn was investigated by the MTT assay, with mTHPC as a positive control. The cellular distribution was determined by fluorescence microscopy. Holographic and phase contrast images were recorded after 1-Zn treatment with a HoloMonitor™ M3 instrument. The inhibition of A549 cell growth achieved by inducing apoptosis was investigated by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. DNA damage was investigated by the comet assay. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins was also measured by western blot assays. 1-Zn had better phototoxicity against A549 cells than HeLa and HepG2 cancer cells. Interestingly, 1-Zn was clearly located almost entirely in the cell cytoplasmic region/organelles. The late apoptotic population was less than 1.0% at baseline in the untreated and only light-treated cells and increased to 40.5% after 1-Zn treatment and irradiation (P < 0.05). 1-Zn triggered significant ROS generation after irradiation, causing ΔΨm disruption (P < 0.01) and DNA damage. 1-Zn induced A549 cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. In addition, 1-Zn bound in the groove of DNA via an outside binding mode by pi-pi stacking and hydrogen bonding. 1-Zn exhibits good photonuclease activity and might serve as a potential photosensitizer (PS) for lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, PR China
| | - Hua-Jun Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, PR China
| | - Shang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, PR China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Si
- School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, PR China
| | - Hai-Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou 510303, PR China.
| | - Hai-Tao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, PR China.
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Thangavel S, Paulpandi M, Friedrich HB, Sukesh K, Skelton AA. New Ru(II) half sandwich complexes bearing the N,N′ bidentate 9-ethyl-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)9H-carbazole-3-amine ligand: Effects of halogen (Cl−, Br− and I−) leaving groups versus in vitro activity on HepG2 cancer cells, cell cycle, fluorescence study, cellular accumulation and DFT study. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Pal M, Nandi U, Mukherjee D. Detailed account on activation mechanisms of ruthenium coordination complexes and their role as antineoplastic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 150:419-445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Htet Y, Tennyson AG. Catalytic radical reduction in aqueous solution via oxidation of biologically-relevant alcohols. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4052-4058. [PMID: 30155048 PMCID: PMC6013915 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00651e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An organoruthenium complex catalyzed radical reduction in aqueous solution via oxidation of amino acids, sugars, or citric acid cycle metabolites.
Metalloenzymes that normally perform catalytic antioxidant or radical-degrading functions, as well as small-molecule complexes that mimic them, can also exert pro-oxidant or radical-forming effects depending on the identity of the terminal reductant. Because nitroxyl radicals function as redox active cocatalysts in the aerobic oxidation of alcohols, we hypothesized that catalytic radical reduction could be achieved via the oxidation of biologically-relevant alcohols. Herein we report an organoruthenium complex (Ru1) that catalyzed reduction of 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonate) radical monoanion (ABTS˙–) to ABTS2– in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) using MeOH, EtOH, i-PrOH, serine, threonine, glucose, arabinose, methyl lactate or dimethyl malate as the terminal reductant. Replacing either the C–H or O–H groups of a –CHOH– moiety resulted in the loss of ABTS˙– reducing ability. Moreover, in conjunction with an alcohol terminal reductant, Ru1 was able to inhibit the oxidation of ABTS2– by H2O2 and horseradish peroxidase, even after multiple successive challenges with excess H2O2 or ABTS˙–. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Ru1 inhibits the oxidative formation of and catalyzes the reduction of radicals in aqueous solution via oxidation of biologically-relevant alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Htet
- Department of Chemistry , Clemson University , Clemson , SC 29634 , USA .
| | - Andrew G Tennyson
- Department of Chemistry , Clemson University , Clemson , SC 29634 , USA . .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Clemson University , Clemson , SC 29634 , USA.,Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies , Anderson , SC 29625 , USA
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Coitiño EL, Mella A, Cárdenas-Jirón GI. Theoretical assessment of the photosensitization mechanisms of porphyrin–ruthenium(II) complexes for the formation of reactive oxygen species. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Xu L, Zhong NJ, Xie YY, Huang HL, Jiang GB, Liu YJ. Synthesis, characterization, in vitro cytotoxicity, and apoptosis-inducing properties of ruthenium(II) complexes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96082. [PMID: 24804832 PMCID: PMC4013043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new Ru(II) complexes, [Ru(bpy)2(FAMP)](ClO4)21 and 2, are synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, electrospray mass spectrometry, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. The in vitro cytotoxicities and apoptosis-inducing properties of these complexes are extensively studied. Complexes 1 and 2 exhibit potent antiproliferative activities against a panel of human cancer cell lines. The cell cycle analysis shows that complexes 1 and 2 exhibit effective cell growth inhibition by triggering G0/G1 phase arrest and inducing apoptosis by mitochondrial dysfunction. The in vitro DNA binding properties of the two complexes are investigated by different spectrophotometric methods and viscosity measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (LX); (YJL)
| | - Nan-Jing Zhong
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, P. R. China
| | - Yang-Yin Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Liang Huang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutical, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Bin Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Jun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (LX); (YJL)
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Wang L, Zheng C, Liu Y, Le F, Yang F, Qin X, Wang C, Liu J. Anticancer activity for targeting telomeric G-quadruplex and antiangiogenesis of a novel Ru(II)-Se complex. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 157:175-82. [PMID: 24407979 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9869-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A new Ru(II)-Se complex, Ru(bpy)2L2Cl2 (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, L = 1,10-phenanthrolineselenazole) (Ru-Se) has been synthesized and characterized. The G-quadruplex DNA-binding properties of the complex and its selenium ligand (Phen-Se) were evaluated by thermal denaturation study, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) stop assay, and telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP). The results showed that the obtained complex could induce and stabilize G-quadruplex structure as well as exhibit potent inhibitory activity against telomerase. In vitro cytotoxicity studies showed that complex Ru-Se inhibited the cancer cell growth through apoptosis. However, the presence of the ligand Phen-Se did not appear to have a significant effect either on G-quadruplex binding or on biological activity. Furthermore, the cell migration assay and the tube formation assay also demonstrated that the complex Ru-Se significantly inhibited human umbilical vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation, migration, and tube formation. These findings indicate that the Ru-Se complex may be a potential telomerase inhibitor and a viable drug candidate in antiangiogenesis for anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Biology, Beihua University, Jilin, 132013, People's Republic of China
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Liu Y, Yu Q, Wang C, Sun D, Huang Y, Zhou Y, Liu J. Ruthenium (II) complexes binding to human serum albumin and inducing apoptosis of tumor cells. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Guo QF, Liu SH, Liu QH, Xu HH, Zhao JH, Wu HF, Li XY, Wang JW. Synthesis, characterization, photocleavage, cytotoxicity in vitro, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest of ruthenium(II) complexes. J COORD CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2012.680592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Feng Guo
- a Department of Orthopaedics , Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical College , Guangzhou 510180 , PR China
| | - Si-Hong Liu
- a Department of Orthopaedics , Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical College , Guangzhou 510180 , PR China
| | - Qing-Hua Liu
- a Department of Orthopaedics , Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical College , Guangzhou 510180 , PR China
| | - Hui-Hua Xu
- a Department of Orthopaedics , Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical College , Guangzhou 510180 , PR China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhao
- a Department of Orthopaedics , Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical College , Guangzhou 510180 , PR China
| | - Hai-Feng Wu
- a Department of Orthopaedics , Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical College , Guangzhou 510180 , PR China
| | - Xin-Yan Li
- a Department of Orthopaedics , Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical College , Guangzhou 510180 , PR China
| | - Jian-Wei Wang
- a Department of Orthopaedics , Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical College , Guangzhou 510180 , PR China
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Krstić M, Sovilj SP, Grgurić-Šipka S, Evans IR, Borozan S, Santibanez JF. Synthesis, structural and spectroscopic characterization, in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo activity as free radical scavengers of chlorido(p-cymene) complexes of ruthenium(II) containing N-alkylphenothiazines. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:4168-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Smith GS, Therrien B. Targeted and multifunctional arene ruthenium chemotherapeutics. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:10793-800. [PMID: 21858344 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of multifunctionalities for tumour targeting is becoming a popular strategy toward the development of new therapeutic agents. In particular, the multifaceted potential of ruthenium(II)-arene complexes show great promise as chemotherapeutics. An ever-increasing number of papers dealing with the integration of ruthenium complexes with biologically active molecules to derive bioorganometallic molecules of chemotherapeutic significance have been published in recent years. This perspective review presents a short overview of multifunctional ruthenium-based drugs, especially those containing arene ruthenium complexes, with the emphasis on the combination of photosensitizers with ruthenium complexes for the preparation of novel multifunctional photodynamic therapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Smith
- University of Cape Town, Department of Chemistry, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa
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