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Judge N, Bole L, Hevia E. Assessing Alkali-Metal Effects in the Structures and Reactivity of Mixed-Ligand Alkyl/Alkoxide Alkali-Metal Magnesiates. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202104164. [PMID: 34939701 PMCID: PMC9306829 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Advancing understanding of using alkali-metal alkoxides as additives to organomagnesium reagents in Mg-Br exchange reactions, a homologous series of mixed-ligand alkyl/alkoxide alkali-metal magnesiates [MMg(CH2SiMe3)2(dmem)]2[dmem= 2-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]methylamino} ethoxide; M= Li, 1; Na, 2; (THF)K, 3] has been prepared. Structural and spectroscopic studies have established the constitutions of these heteroleptic/heterometallic species, which are retained in arene solution. Evaluation of their reactivity towards 2-bromoanisole has uncovered a marked alkali-metal effect with potassium magnesiate 3 being the most efficient of the three ate reagents. Studies probing the constitution of the exchange product from this reaction suggest that the putative [KMgAr2(dmem)]2 (Ar= o-OMe-C6H4) intermediate undergoes redistribution into its single metal components [KAr]n and [MgAr(dmem)]2 (5). This process can be circumvented by using a different potassium alkoxide containing an aliphatic chain such as KOR' (R'= 2-ethylhexyl) which undergoes co-complexation with Mg(CH2SiMe3) to give [KMg(CH2SiMe3)2(OR')]2 (7). This ate, in turn, reacts quantitatively with 2-bromoanisole furnishing [KMgAr2(OR')]2 (9) which is stable in solution as a bimetallic compound. Collectively this work highlights the complexity of these alkali-metal mediated Mg-Br exchange reactions, where each reaction component can have a profound effect not only on the success of the reaction; but also the stability of the final metalated intermediates prior to their electrophilic interception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Judge
- Universitat Bern, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, SWITZERLAND
| | - Leonie Bole
- Universitat Bern, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, SWITZERLAND
| | - Eva Hevia
- Universitat Bern, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, SWITZERLAND
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2
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Zhuang Y, Qian Y, Tu D, Li Y, Liu J, Shen L, Wu D. NHC‐Stabilized Inverse Crown Ethers Featuring the μ
4
‐Oxo [Mg
4
O] Core. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Zhuang
- Department College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 PR China
| | - Yuansheng Qian
- Department College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 PR China
| | - Danyu Tu
- Department College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 PR China
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University No. 866 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 310027 PR China
| | - Liang Shen
- Department College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 PR China
| | - Di Wu
- Department College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 PR China
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3
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4
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Mastropierro P, Kennedy AR, Hevia E. Exploiting Deprotonative Co‐complexation to Access Potassium Metal(ates) Supported by a Bulky Silyl(bis)amide Ligand. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202001051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street G1 1XL Glasgow UK
| | - Eva Hevia
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bern 3012 Bern Switzerland
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street G1 1XL Glasgow UK
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5
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Romain C, Bellemin-Laponnaz S, Dagorne S. Recent progress on NHC-stabilized early transition metal (group 3–7) complexes: Synthesis and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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6
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Liu Y, Cheng J, Deng L. Three-Coordinate Formal Cobalt(0), Iron(0), and Manganese(0) Complexes with Persistent Carbene and Alkene Ligation. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:244-254. [PMID: 31880150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Low-coordinate transition-metal species, i.e., metal species with coordination numbers of less than 4, represent a category of ubiquitous reactive intermediates in metal-catalyzed reactions that take place in solution, in metalloenzymes, on supported nanomaterials and single-atom catalysts, and so on. While reactive intermediates are usually transient and hard to isolate, which makes detailed investigation challenging, molecular representatives of low-coordinate transition-metal intermediates can be synthesized by the judicious use of supporting ligands, allowing detailed study of their inherent chemical and physical properties. By the use of bulky nitrogen- and oxygen-based anionic ligands, plenty of three- and two-coordinate group 4-10 metal complexes with the oxidation states of the metal centers being +3, + 2, and +1 have been prepared and subjected to extensive study. Much less known are low-coordinate zero-valent metal complexes, and knowledge about them had been restricted to group 10 metal complexes until very recently. In this Account, we summarize the studies of the synthesis, spectroscopic features, electronic structures, and reactivities of three-coordinate formal cobalt(0), iron(0), and manganese(0) complexes with persistent carbene and alkene ligation. The introduction of the π-accepting alkene ligands 1,3-divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (dvtms) and vinyltrimethylsilane (vtms) into the reduction reactions of MCl2 (M = Co, Fe, Mn) with persistent carbenes and alkaline metals effectively suppresses ligand C-H bond activation reactions, leading to the successful preparation of three-coordinate formal cobalt(0), iron(0), and manganese(0) complexes LM(η2:η2-dvtms), LM(η2-vtms)2, and L2M(η2-vtms) (M = Co, Fe, Mn; L = N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC), cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (cAAC)). These three-coordinate metal complexes feature pronounced back-donation from the filled metal 3d orbitals to the alkene π* orbital(s), resulting in electronic configurations of (dxy+πalkene*)2(dx2-y2+π'alkene*)2(dz2,dxz,dyz)n (the coordination plane was chosen as the xy plane; n = 5, 4, and 3 for Co, Fe, and Mn, respectively) for the bis(alkene) complexes LM(η2:η2-dvtms) and LM(η2-vtms)2. The alkene ligands in the low-coordinate formal zero-valent metal complexes are amenable to undergo ligand-exchange reactions with better π-accepting ligands. In reactions with organic azides, hydrosilanes, nitrosoarenes, alkynes, etc., the alkene ligands dissociate from the metal coordination sphere, and three-coordinate formal zero-valent metal complexes function as synthons of LnM0 (L = NHC, cAAC; n = 1, 2; M = Co, Fe, Mn) to perform redox reactions with these substrates, affording divalent and tetravalent cobalt, iron, or manganese complexes. These electronic structure and reactivity features hint at the potential of low-coordinate zero-valent group 7-9 metal complexes for the development of new 3d metal catalysts and magnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Liang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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7
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Evans KJ, Campbell CL, Haddow MF, Luz C, Morton PA, Mansell SM. Lithium Complexes with Bridging and Terminal NHC Ligands: The Decisive Influence of an Anionic Tether. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kieren J. Evans
- Institute of Chemical Sciences Heriot‐Watt University EH14 4AS Edinburgh UK
| | | | - Mairi F. Haddow
- Institute of Chemical Sciences Heriot‐Watt University EH14 4AS Edinburgh UK
| | - Christian Luz
- Institute of Chemical Sciences Heriot‐Watt University EH14 4AS Edinburgh UK
| | - Paul A. Morton
- Institute of Chemical Sciences Heriot‐Watt University EH14 4AS Edinburgh UK
| | - Stephen M. Mansell
- Institute of Chemical Sciences Heriot‐Watt University EH14 4AS Edinburgh UK
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8
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Bruyere JC, Gourlaouen C, Karmazin L, Bailly C, Boudon C, Ruhlmann L, de Frémont P, Dagorne S. Synthesis and Characterization of Neutral and Cationic Magnesium Complexes Supported by NHC Ligands. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Charles Bruyere
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christophe Gourlaouen
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Lydia Karmazin
- Service de Radiocristallographie-Fédération de Chimie Le Bel, FR2010-1 rue Blaise Pascal, BP296/R8, 67008 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Corinne Bailly
- Service de Radiocristallographie-Fédération de Chimie Le Bel, FR2010-1 rue Blaise Pascal, BP296/R8, 67008 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Corinne Boudon
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurent Ruhlmann
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre de Frémont
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Samuel Dagorne
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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9
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Quinlivan PJ, Shlian DG, Amemiya E, Parkin G. Reactivity of the carbodiphosphorane, (Ph 3P) 2C, towards main group metal alkyl compounds: coordination and cyclometalation. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:9139-9151. [PMID: 31145405 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00678h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The carbodiphosphorane, (Ph3P)2C, reacts with Me3Al and Me3Ga to afford the adducts, [(Ph3P)2C]AlMe3 and [(Ph3P)2C]GaMe3, which have been structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction. (Ph3P)2C also reacts with Me2Zn and Me2Cd to generate an adduct but the formation is reversible on the NMR time scale. At elevated temperatures, however, elimination of methane and cyclometalation occurs to afford [κ2-Ph3PC{PPh2(C6H4)}]ZnMe and [κ2-Ph3PC{PPh2(C6H4)}]CdMe. Analogous cyclometalated products, [κ2-Ph3P{CPPh2(C6H4)}]ZnN(SiMe3)2 and [κ2-Ph3P{CPPh2(C6H4)}]CdN(SiMe3)2, are also obtained upon reaction of (Ph3P)2C with Zn[N(SiMe3)2]2 and Cd[N(SiMe3)2]2. The magnesium compounds, Me2Mg and {Mg[N(SiMe3)2]2}2, likewise react with (Ph3P)2C to afford cyclometalated derivatives, namely [κ2-Ph3PC{PPh2(C6H4)}]MgN(SiMe3)2 and {[κ2-Ph3PC{PPh2(C6H4)}]MgMe}2. While this reactivity is similar to the zinc system, the magnesium methyl complex is a dimer with bridging methyl groups, whereas the zinc complex is a monomer. The greater tendency of the methyl groups to bridge magnesium centers rather than zinc centers is supported by density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Quinlivan
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
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10
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Transmetalation from Magnesium–NHCs—Convenient Synthesis of Chelating π-Acidic NHC Complexes. INORGANICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics7050065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of chelating N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes with considerable π-acceptor properties can be a challenging task. This is due to the dimerization of free carbene ligands, the moisture sensitivity of reaction intermediates or reagents, and challenges associated with the workup procedure. Herein, we report a general route using transmetalation from magnesium–NHCs. Notably, this route gives access to transition-metal complexes in quantitative conversion without the formation of byproducts. It therefore produces transition-metal complexes outperforming the conventional routes based on free or lithium-coordinated carbene, silver complexes, or in situ metalation in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). We therefore propose transmetalation from magnesium–NHCs as a convenient and general route to obtain NHC complexes.
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11
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Evans KJ, Mansell SM. Synergic Deprotonation Generates Alkali-Metal Salts of Tethered Fluorenide-NHC Ligands Co-Complexed to Alkali-Metal Amides. Chemistry 2019; 25:3766-3769. [PMID: 30667554 PMCID: PMC6492165 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Synergic combinations of alkali-metal hydrocarbyl/amide reagents were used to synthesise saturated N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands tethered to a fluorenide anion through deprotonation of a spirocyclic precursor, whereas conventional bases were not successful. The Li2 derivatives displayed a bridging amide between two Li atoms within the fluorenide-NHC pocket, whereas the Na2 and K2 analogues displayed extended solid-state structures with the fluorenide-NHC ligand chelating one alkali metal centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieren J. Evans
- Institute of Chemical SciencesHeriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghEH14 4ASUK
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12
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Wong YO, Freeman LA, Agakidou AD, Dickie DA, Webster CE, Gilliard RJ. Two Carbenes versus One in Magnesium Chemistry: Synthesis of Terminal Dihalide, Dialkyl, and Grignard Reagents. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Onn Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Lucas A. Freeman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - A. Danai Agakidou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Charles Edwin Webster
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Box 9573, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Robert J. Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
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13
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Cheng J, Chen Q, Leng X, Ouyang Z, Wang Z, Ye S, Deng L. The Stabilization of Three-Coordinate Formal Mn(0) Complex with NHC and Alkene Ligation. Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Hernán-Gómez A, Uzelac M, Baillie SE, Armstrong DR, Kennedy AR, Fuentes MÁ, Hevia E. Molecular Manipulations of a Utility Nitrogen-Heterocyclic Carbene by Sodium Magnesiate Complexes and Transmetallation Chemistry with Gold Complexes. Chemistry 2018; 24:10541-10549. [PMID: 29750849 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Expanding the scope and applications of anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), a novel series of magnesium NHC complexes is reported using a mixed sodium-magnesium approach. Sequential reactivity of classical imidazol- 2-ylidene carbene IPr with NaR and MgR2 (R=CH2 SiMe3 ) affords [(THF)3 Na(μ-IPr- )MgR2 (THF)] (2) [IPr- =:C{[N(2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 )]2 CHC] containing an anionic NHC ligand, whereas surprisingly sodium magnesiate [NaMgR3 ] fails to deprotonate IPr affording instead the redistribution coordination adduct [IPr2 Na2 MgR4 ] (1). Compound 2 undergoes selective C2-methylation when treated with MeOTf furnishing novel abnormal NHC complex [{aIPrMe MgR2 }2 ] (3). Dissolving 3 in THF led to the dissociation of this complex into MgR2 and aIPrMe with the latter isomerizing to the olefinic NHC IPr=CH2 . The ability of 2 and 3 to transfer their anionic and abnormal NHC ligands, respectively to AuI metal fragments has been investigated allowing the isolation and structural characterization of [RAu(μ-IPr- )MgR(THF)2 ] (4) and [aIPrMe AuR] (5) respectively. In both cases transfer of an alkyl R group is observed. However while 3 can also transfer its abnormal NHC ligand to give 5, in 4 the anionic NHC still remains coordinated to Mg via its C4 position, whereas the {AuR} fragment occupies the C2 position previously filled by a donor-solvated {Na(THF)3 }+ cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Hernán-Gómez
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Sharon E Baillie
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - David R Armstrong
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - M Ángeles Fuentes
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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15
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Cheng J, Wang L, Wang P, Deng L. High-Oxidation-State 3d Metal (Ti-Cu) Complexes with N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligation. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9930-9987. [PMID: 30011189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
High-oxidation-state 3d metal species have found a wide range of applications in modern synthetic chemistry and materials science. They are also implicated as key reactive species in biological reactions. These applications have thus prompted explorations of their formation, structure, and properties. While the traditional wisdom regarding these species was gained mainly from complexes supported by nitrogen- and oxygen-donor ligands, recent studies with N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), which are widely used for the preparation of low-oxidation-state transition metal complexes in organometallic chemistry, have led to the preparation of a large variety of isolable high-oxidation-state 3d metal complexes with NHC ligation. Since the first report in this area in the 1990s, isolable complexes of this type have been reported for titanium(IV), vanadium(IV,V), chromium(IV,V), manganese(IV,V), iron(III,IV,V), cobalt(III,IV,V), nickel(IV), and copper(II). With the aim of providing an overview of this intriguing field, this Review summarizes our current understanding of the synthetic methods, structure and spectroscopic features, reactivity, and catalytic applications of high-oxidation-state 3d metal NHC complexes of titanium to copper. In addition to this progress, factors affecting the stability and reactivity of high-oxidation-state 3d metal NHC species are also presented, as well as perspectives on future efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , People's Republic of China
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16
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Nesterov V, Reiter D, Bag P, Frisch P, Holzner R, Porzelt A, Inoue S. NHCs in Main Group Chemistry. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9678-9842. [PMID: 29969239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first stable N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) in the beginning of the 1990s, these divalent carbon species have become a common and available class of compounds, which have found numerous applications in academic and industrial research. Their important role as two-electron donor ligands, especially in transition metal chemistry and catalysis, is difficult to overestimate. In the past decade, there has been tremendous research attention given to the chemistry of low-coordinate main group element compounds. Significant progress has been achieved in stabilization and isolation of such species as Lewis acid/base adducts with highly tunable NHC ligands. This has allowed investigation of numerous novel types of compounds with unique electronic structures and opened new opportunities in the rational design of novel organic catalysts and materials. This Review gives a general overview of this research, basic synthetic approaches, key features of NHC-main group element adducts, and might be useful for the broad research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Dominik Reiter
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Prasenjit Bag
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Philipp Frisch
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Richard Holzner
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Amelie Porzelt
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
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17
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Uzelac M, Hevia E. Polar organometallic strategies for regioselective C–H metallation of N-heterocyclic carbenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2455-2462. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00049b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This Feature Article focuses on the recent emergence of s-block metal-mediated N-heterocyclic carbene metallations and the new opportunities this methodology offers to access unique anionic NHC fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
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18
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Koch A, Krieck S, Görls H, Westerhausen M. Alkaline Earth Metal–Carbene Complexes with the Versatile Tridentate 2,6-Bis(3-mesitylimidazol-2-ylidene)pyridine Ligand. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Koch
- Institute of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstraße
8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Krieck
- Institute of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstraße
8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstraße
8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstraße
8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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19
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Thakur A, Bheemireddy V, Bhatta SR. Access to an abnormal position of N-heterocyclic carbene-Mn(II)-complex by pyrazolyl phosphane with a labile P N bond. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Baishya A, Peddarao T, Nembenna S. Organomagnesium amide catalyzed cross-dehydrocoupling of organosilanes with amines. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:5880-5887. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00806f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heteroleptic organomagnesium complex pre-catalyzed cross-dehydrocoupling of silanes with amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashim Baishya
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- HBNI
- Bhubaneswar
- India 752050
| | - Thota Peddarao
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- HBNI
- Bhubaneswar
- India 752050
| | - Sharanappa Nembenna
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- HBNI
- Bhubaneswar
- India 752050
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21
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Hashimoto T, Kawato Y, Nakajima Y, Ohki Y, Tatsumi K, Ando W, Sato K, Shimada S. Synthesis of dimethylmanganese(II) complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbenes and nucleophilic substitution reaction of tetraalkoxysilanes by diorganomanganese(II) complexes. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Uzelac M, Borilovic I, Amores M, Cadenbach T, Kennedy AR, Aromí G, Hevia E. Structural and Magnetic Diversity in Alkali-Metal Manganate Chemistry: Evaluating Donor and Alkali-Metal Effects in Co-complexation Processes. Chemistry 2016; 22:4843-54. [PMID: 26916525 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
By exploring co-complexation reactions between the manganese alkyl Mn(CH2SiMe3)2 and the heavier alkali-metal alkyls M(CH2SiMe3) (M=Na, K) in a benzene/hexane solvent mixture and in some cases adding Lewis donors (bidentate TMEDA, 1,4-dioxane, and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2] octane (DABCO)) has produced a new family of alkali-metal tris(alkyl) manganates. The influences that the alkali metal and the donor solvent impose on the structures and magnetic properties of these ates have been assessed by a combination of X-ray, SQUID magnetization measurements, and EPR spectroscopy. These studies uncover a diverse structural chemistry ranging from discrete monomers [(TMEDA)2 MMn(CH2SiMe3)3] (M=Na, 3; M=K, 4) to dimers [{KMn(CH2SiMe3)3 ⋅C6 H6}2] (2) and [{NaMn(CH2SiMe3)3}2 (dioxane)7] (5); and to more complex supramolecular networks [{NaMn(CH2SiMe3)3}∞] (1) and [{Na2Mn2 (CH2SiMe3)6 (DABCO)2}∞] (7)). Interestingly, the identity of the alkali metal exerts a significant effect in the reactions of 1 and 2 with 1,4-dioxane, as 1 produces coordination adduct 5, while 2 forms heteroleptic [{(dioxane)6K2Mn2 (CH2SiMe3)4(O(CH2)2OCH=CH2)2}∞] (6) containing two alkoxide-vinyl anions resulting from α-metalation and ring opening of dioxane. Compounds 6 and 7, containing two spin carriers, exhibit antiferromagnetic coupling of their S=5/2 moments with varying intensity depending on the nature of the exchange pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Ivana Borilovic
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Amores
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Thomas Cadenbach
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.,Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Departamento De Física, Ladron de Guevera E11-253, Quito, 170517, Ecuador
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Guillem Aromí
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
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23
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Price JS, Chadha P, Emslie DJH. Base-Free and Bisphosphine Ligand Dialkylmanganese(II) Complexes as Precursors for Manganese Metal Deposition. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Price
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Preeti Chadha
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - David J. H. Emslie
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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24
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Uzelac M, Hernán-Gómez A, Armstrong DR, Kennedy AR, Hevia E. Rational synthesis of normal, abnormal and anionic NHC-gallium alkyl complexes: structural, stability and isomerization insights. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5719-5728. [PMID: 29910864 PMCID: PMC5975842 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02086g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancing the rational design of main-group N-heterocyclic carbene complexes, this study reports the synthesis, X-ray crystallographic and NMR spectroscopic characterisation of a novel series of Ga complexes containing neutral or anionic NHC ligands using the unsaturated carbene IPr (IPr = 1,3-bis-(2,6-di-isopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene). Starting from normal adduct GaR3·IPr (1) (R = CH2SiMe3), the addition of polar LiR led to the formation of NHC-stabilised gallate species IPr·LiGaR4 (2), resulting from co-complexation of the single-metal species. Contrastingly, reversing the order of addition of these organometallic reagents, by treating unsaturated free IPr, first with LiR followed by GaR3, furnished novel heteroleptic gallate (THF)2Li[:C{[N(2,6-iPr2C6H3)]2CHCGa(CH2SiMe3)3}] (3), which contains an anionic NHC ligand acting as an unsymmetrical bridge between the two metals, coordinating through its abnormal C4 position to Ga and through its normal C2 position to Li. Electrophilic interception studies of 3 using methyl triflate (MeOTf), methanol and imidazolium salt (IMes·HCl) led to the isolation and structural elucidation of the two novel neutral abnormal NHC (aNHC) complexes [CH3C{[N(2,6-iPr2C6H3)]2CHCGa(CH2SiMe3)3}] (4) and aIPr·GaR3 (5) (aIPr = HC{[N(2,6-iPr2C6H3)]2CHC}). These studies disclose the preference of the anionic IPr ligand present in 3 to react with electrophiles via its C2 position, leaving its Ga-C4 bond intact. Abnormal complex 5 can also be accessed by a thermally induced rearrangement of its normal isomer 1. Combining NMR spectroscopic and kinetic studies with DFT calculations, new light has been shed on this intriguing transformation, which suggests that it occurs via a dissociative mechanism, highlighting the importance of the donor ability of the solvent used in these thermal isomerizations as well as the steric bulk of the substituents on the NHC and the Ga reagent. These findings intimate that relief of the steric hindrance around Ga by forming an abnormal complex is a key driving force behind these rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM , Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde , Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK .
| | - Alberto Hernán-Gómez
- WestCHEM , Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde , Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK .
| | - David R Armstrong
- WestCHEM , Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde , Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK .
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM , Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde , Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK .
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM , Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde , Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK .
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25
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Al-Afyouni MH, Krishnan VM, Arman HD, Tonzetich ZJ. Synthesis and Reactivity of Manganese(II) Complexes Containing N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malik H. Al-Afyouni
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - V. Mahesh Krishnan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Hadi D. Arman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Zachary J. Tonzetich
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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26
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BAISHYA ASHIM, MUNDLAPATI VRAO, NEMBENNA SHARANAPPA, BISWAL HIMANSUS. Structure, bonding and energetics of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) stabilized low oxidation state group 2 (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba) metal complexes: A theoretical study. J CHEM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-014-0657-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Abstract
The first examples of cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) ligands bound to electropositive metal centres (K, Mg, Sr and Ba) have been isolated and characterised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë R. Turner
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Jean-Charles Buffet
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
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28
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Catalytic C–N bond formation in guanylation reaction by N-heterocyclic carbene supported magnesium(II) and zinc(II) amide complexes. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Bellemin-Laponnaz S, Dagorne S. Group 1 and 2 and early transition metal complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands: coordination chemistry, reactivity, and applications. Chem Rev 2014; 114:8747-74. [PMID: 25144918 DOI: 10.1021/cr500227y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Bellemin-Laponnaz
- IPCMS (Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg, France
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30
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Chadha P, Emslie DJH, Jenkins HA. Manganese(II) Alkyl/π-Allyl Complexes Resistant to Ligand Redistribution. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500101m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Chadha
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S
4M1, Canada
| | - David J. H. Emslie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S
4M1, Canada
| | - Hilary A. Jenkins
- McMaster Analytical X-Ray Diffraction Facility,
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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31
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Armstrong DR, Clegg W, Hernán-Gómez A, Kennedy AR, Livingstone Z, Robertson SD, Russo L, Hevia E. Probing the metallating ability of a polybasic sodium alkylmagnesiate supported by a bulky bis(amido) ligand: deprotomagnesiation reactions of nitrogen-based aromatic substrates. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:4361-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52639a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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32
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Käß M, Hohenberger J, Adelhardt M, Zolnhofer EM, Mossin S, Heinemann FW, Sutter J, Meyer K. Synthesis and Characterization of Divalent Manganese, Iron, and Cobalt Complexes in Tripodal Phenolate/N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand Environments. Inorg Chem 2013; 53:2460-70. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4024053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Käß
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Hohenberger
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mario Adelhardt
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva M. Zolnhofer
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Mossin
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Frank W. Heinemann
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Sutter
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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33
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Baillie SE, Blair VL, Bradley TD, Clegg W, Cowan J, Harrington RW, Hernán-Gómez A, Kennedy AR, Livingstone Z, Hevia E. Isomeric and chemical consequences of the direct magnesiation of 1,3-benzoazoles using β-diketiminate-stabilized magnesium bases. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc22326d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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34
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Hock SJ, Schaper LA, Herrmann WA, Kühn FE. Group 7 transition metal complexes with N-heterocyclic carbenes. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:5073-89. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60019j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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35
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Musgrave RA, Turbervill RSP, Irwin M, Goicoechea JM. Transition Metal Complexes of Anionic N-Heterocyclic Dicarbene Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201206100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Musgrave RA, Turbervill RSP, Irwin M, Goicoechea JM. Transition Metal Complexes of Anionic N-Heterocyclic Dicarbene Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10832-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201206100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Baillie SE, Clegg W, Garcı́a-Álvarez P, Hevia E, Kennedy AR, Klett J, Russo L. Synthesis, Structural Elucidation, and Diffusion-Ordered NMR Studies of Homoleptic Alkyllithium Magnesiates: Donor-Controlled Structural Variations in Mixed-Metal Chemistry. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300477m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E. Baillie
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,
U.K. G1 1XL
| | - William Clegg
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K. NE1
7RU
| | - Pablo Garcı́a-Álvarez
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica e
Inorgánica-IUQOEM, Universidad de Oviedo-CSIC, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,
U.K. G1 1XL
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,
U.K. G1 1XL
| | - Jan Klett
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,
U.K. G1 1XL
| | - Luca Russo
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K. NE1
7RU
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