1
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Boychuk BTA, Wetmore SD. Assessment of Density Functional Theory Methods for the Structural Prediction of Transition and Post-Transition Metal-Nucleic Acid Complexes. J Chem Theory Comput 2023. [PMID: 37399186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the structure of metal-nucleic acid systems is important for many applications such as the design of new pharmaceuticals, metal detection platforms, and nanomaterials. Herein, we explore the ability of 20 density functional theory (DFT) functionals to reproduce the crystal structure geometry of transition and post-transition metal-nucleic acid complexes identified in the Protein Data Bank and Cambridge Structural Database. The environmental extremes of the gas phase and implicit water were considered, and analysis focused on the global and inner coordination geometry, including the coordination distances. Although gas-phase calculations were unable to describe the structure of 12 out of the 53 complexes in our test set regardless of the DFT functional considered, accounting for the broader environment through implicit solvation or constraining the model truncation points to crystallographic coordinates generally afforded agreement with the experimental structure, suggesting that functional performance for these systems is likely due to the models rather than the methods. For the remaining 41 complexes, our results show that the reliability of functionals depends on the metal identity, with the magnitude of error varying across the periodic table. Furthermore, minimal changes in the geometries of these metal-nucleic acid complexes occur upon use of the Stuttgart-Dresden effective core potential and/or inclusion of an implicit water environment. The overall top three performing functionals are ωB97X-V, ωB97X-D3(BJ), and MN15, which reliably describe the structure of a broad range of metal-nucleic acid systems. Other suitable functionals include MN15-L, which is a cheaper alternative to MN15, and PBEh-3c, which is commonly used in QM/MM calculations of biomolecules. In fact, these five methods were the only functionals tested to reproduce the coordination sphere of Cu2+-containing complexes. For metal-nucleic acid systems that do not contain Cu2+, ωB97X and ωB97X-D are also suitable choices. These top-performing methods can be utilized in future investigations of diverse metal-nucleic acid complexes of relevance to biology and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana T A Boychuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Stacey D Wetmore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
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2
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Minenkov Y. Solv: An Alternative Continuum Model Implementation Based on Fixed Atomic Charges, Scaled Particle Theory, and the Atom-Atom Potential Method. J Chem Theory Comput 2023. [PMID: 37390470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
An alternative continuum model implementation is reported. The electrostatic contribution to the solvation Gibbs free energy utilizes the noniterative conductor-like screening model of Vyboishchikov and Voityuk (DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26531) based on the fixed partial atomic charges. The nonelectrostatic solute-solvent dispersion-repulsion energy is calculated through the Caillet-Claverie atom-atom potential method employing the grid-based approach. The nonelectrostatic cavitation energy is computed within the scaled particle theory (SPT) formalism with the solute hard-sphere radius obtained via the Pierotti-Claverie (PC) scheme, from the solute molecular surface (SPT-S) or volume (SPT-V). The solvent hard-sphere radius is derived through the fitting to the experimental total solvation free energies of 2530 neutral species in 92 solvents. Application of the model to reproduce both the absolute and relative (reaction net) solvation free energies indicates that the SPT-V approach based on the CM5 charges is the best performer. The method is suggested for the solvation free energy calculation in the nonaqueous solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury Minenkov
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, Kosygina Street 4, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13-2 Izhorskaya Street, Moscow 125412, Russian Federation
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3
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Maley SM, Steagall R, Lief GR, Buck RM, Yang Q, Sydora OL, Bischof SM, Ess DH. Computational Evaluation and Design of Polyethylene Zirconocene Catalysts with Noncovalent Dispersion Interactions. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven M. Maley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Robert Steagall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Graham R. Lief
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, Highways 60 & 123, Bartlesville, Oklahoma 74003, United States
| | - Richard M. Buck
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, Highways 60 & 123, Bartlesville, Oklahoma 74003, United States
| | - Qing Yang
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, Highways 60 & 123, Bartlesville, Oklahoma 74003, United States
| | - Orson L. Sydora
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, 1862, Kingwood Drive, Kingwood, Texas 77339, United States
| | - Steven M. Bischof
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, 1862, Kingwood Drive, Kingwood, Texas 77339, United States
| | - Daniel H. Ess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
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4
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Patra SG, Das NK. Recent advancement on the mechanism of olefin metathesis by Grubbs catalysts: A computational perspective. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Azofra LM, Vummaleti SVC, Zhang Z, Poater A, Cavallo L. σ/π Plasticity of NHCs on the Ruthenium–Phosphine and Ruthenium═Ylidene Bonds in Olefin Metathesis Catalysts. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Miguel Azofra
- Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Campus de Tafira, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Sai V. C. Vummaleti
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyun Zhang
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Ma Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Poater A, D'Alterio MC, Talarico G, Chauvin R. Arene vs. Alkene Substrates in Ru-Catalyzed Olefin Metathesis: a DFT Investigation. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química; Universitat de Girona; 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
| | - Massimo Christian D'Alterio
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química; Universitat de Girona; 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università di Napoli Federico II; Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Giovanni Talarico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università di Napoli Federico II; Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Remi Chauvin
- UPS, ICT-FR 2599; Université de Toulouse; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination); CNRS; 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
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7
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Gimferrer M, Salvador P, Poater A. Computational Monitoring of Oxidation States in Olefin Metathesis. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martí Gimferrer
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pedro Salvador
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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8
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Śliwa P, Mitoraj MP, Sagan F, Handzlik J. Formation of active species from ruthenium alkylidene catalysts-an insight from computational perspective. J Mol Model 2019; 25:331. [PMID: 31701244 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium alkylidene complexes are commonly used as olefin metathesis catalysts. Initiation of the catalytic process requires formation of a 14-electron active ruthenium species via dissociation of a respective ligand. In the present work, this initiation step has been computationally studied for the Grubbs-type catalysts (H2IMes)(PCy3)(Cl)2Ru=CHPh, (H2IMes)(PCy3)(Cl)2Ru=CH-CH=CMe2 and (H2IMes)(3-Br-py)2(Cl)2Ru=CHPh, and the Hoveyda-Grubbs-type catalysts (H2IMes)(Cl)2Ru=CH(o-OiPrC6H4), (H2IMes)(Cl)2Ru=CH(5-NO2-2-OiPrC6H3), and (H2IMes)(Cl)2Ru=CH(2-OiPr-3-PhC6H3), using density functional theory (DFT). Additionally, the extended-transition-state combined with the natural orbitals for the chemical valence (ETS-NOCV) and the interacting quantum atoms (IQA) energy decomposition methods were applied. The computationally determined activity order within both families of the catalysts and the activation parameters are in agreement with reported experimental data. The significance of solvent simulation and the basis set superposition error (BSSE) correction is discussed. ETS-NOCV demonstrates that the bond between the dissociating ligand and the Ru-based fragment is largely ionic followed by the charge delocalizations: σ(Ru-P) and π(Ru-P) and the secondary CH…Cl, CH…π, and CH…HC interactions. In the case of transition state structures, the majority of stabilization stems from London dispersion forces exerted by the efficient CH…Cl, CH…π, and CH…HC interactions. Interestingly, the height of the electronic dissociation barriers is, however, directly connected with the prevalent (unfavourable) changes in the electrostatic and orbital interaction contributions despite the favourable relief in Pauli repulsion and geometry reorganization terms during the activation process. According to the IQA results, the isopropoxy group in the Hoveyda-Grubbs-type catalysts is an efficient donor of intra-molecular interactions which are important for the activity of these catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Śliwa
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mariusz P Mitoraj
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Filip Sagan
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jarosław Handzlik
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155, Kraków, Poland.
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9
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Bousquet L, Nicholas KM. In search of alkene-diazene cross metathesis. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.120909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Paredes-Gil K, Mendizábal F, Jaque P. Further understanding of the Ru-centered [2+2] cycloreversion/cycloaddition involved into the interconversion of ruthenacyclobutane using the Grubbs catalysts from a reaction force analysis. J Mol Model 2019; 25:305. [PMID: 31494753 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The chemical reactivity of the first- and second-generation Grubbs catalysts has always been a significant issue in olefin metathesis. In the present work, we study the [2+2] cycloreversion/cycloaddition and the alkylidene rotation involved into the interconversion of the ruthenacyclobutane intermediate, through the reaction force and reaction force constant analysis. It has been found that the structural contribution controls the barrier energy in the interconversion of ruthenacyclobutane via [2+2] cycloreversion/cycloaddition, which is slightly lower in the second generation of Grubbs catalysts while its electronic contribution is slightly higher, which unveils a major rigidity and donor/acceptor properties of the NHC. This finding explains a greater structural contribution in the rate constant. Moreover, on the basis of the reaction force constant, the process can be classified as "two-stage"-concerted reactions, noting a more asynchronous process when the first generation is used as a catalyst.Finally, a similar analysis into the alkylidene rotation was performed. It was determined that [2+2] cycloreversion and alkylidene rotations take place in a sequential manner, the energy barrier is again controlled by structural reorganization, and the pathway is less asynchronous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Paredes-Gil
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box 8940577, San Joaquín, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Fernando Mendizábal
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Jaque
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone 1007, Santiago, Chile
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11
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12
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Minenkov Y, Sharapa DI, Cavallo L. Application of Semiempirical Methods to Transition Metal Complexes: Fast Results but Hard-to-Predict Accuracy. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:3428-3439. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yury Minenkov
- Moscow Institute
of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dmitry I. Sharapa
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Chu CK, Lin TP, Shao H, Liberman-Martin AL, Liu P, Grubbs RH. Disentangling Ligand Effects on Metathesis Catalyst Activity: Experimental and Computational Studies of Ruthenium-Aminophosphine Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:5634-5643. [PMID: 29621881 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Second-generation ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts bearing aminophosphine ligands were investigated with systematic variation of the ligand structure. The rates of phosphine dissociation ( k1; initiation rate) and relative phosphine reassociation ( k-1) were determined for two series of catalysts bearing cyclohexyl(morpholino)phosphine and cyclohexyl(piperidino)phosphine ligands. In both cases, incorporating P-N bonds into the architecture of the dissociating phosphine accelerates catalyst initiation relative to the parent [Ru]-PCy3 complex; however, this effect is muted for the tris(amino)phosphine-ligated complexes, which exhibit higher ligand binding constants in comparison to those with phosphines containing one or two cyclohexyl substituents. These results, along with X-ray crystallographic data and DFT calculations, were used to understand the influence of ligand structure on catalyst activity. Especially noteworthy is the application of phosphines containing incongruent substituents (PR1R'2); detailed analyses of factors affecting ligand dissociation, including steric effects, inductive effects, and ligand conformation, are presented. Computational studies of the reaction coordinate for ligand dissociation reveal that ligand conformational changes contribute to the rapid dissociation for the fastest-initiating catalyst of these series, which bears a cyclohexyl-bis(morpholino)phosphine ligand. Furthermore, the effect of amine incorporation was examined in the context of ring-opening metathesis polymerization, and reaction rates were found to correlate well with catalyst initiation rates. The combined experimental and computational studies presented in this report reveal important considerations for designing efficient ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal K Chu
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Tzu-Pin Lin
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Huiling Shao
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
| | - Allegra L Liberman-Martin
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
| | - Robert H Grubbs
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
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14
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Minenkov Y, Cavallo L. Ground-State Gas-Phase Structures of Inorganic Molecules Predicted by Density Functional Theory Methods. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:8373-8387. [PMID: 31457376 PMCID: PMC6645218 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We tested a battery of density functional theory (DFT) methods ranging from generalized gradient approximation (GGA) via meta-GGA to hybrid meta-GGA schemes as well as Møller-Plesset perturbation theory of the second order and a single and double excitation coupled-cluster (CCSD) theory for their ability to reproduce accurate gas-phase structures of di- and triatomic molecules derived from microwave spectroscopy. We obtained the most accurate molecular structures using the hybrid and hybrid meta-GGA approximations with B3PW91, APF, TPSSh, mPW1PW91, PBE0, mPW1PBE, B972, and B98 functionals, resulting in lowest errors. We recommend using these methods to predict accurate three-dimensional structures of inorganic molecules when intramolecular dispersion interactions play an insignificant role. The structures that the CCSD method predicts are of similar quality although at considerably larger computational cost. The structures that GGA and meta-GGA schemes predict are less accurate with the largest absolute errors detected with BLYP and M11-L, suggesting that these methods should not be used if accurate three-dimensional molecular structures are required. Because of numerical problems related to the integration of the exchange-correlation part of the functional and large scattering of errors, most of the Minnesota models tested, particularly MN12-L, M11, M06-L, SOGGA11, and VSXC, are also not recommended for geometry optimization. When maintaining a low computational budget is essential, the nonseparable gradient functional N12 might work within an acceptable range of error. As expected, the DFT-D3 dispersion correction had a negligible effect on the internuclear distances when combined with the functionals tested on nonweakly bonded di- and triatomic inorganic molecules. By contrast, the dispersion correction for the APF-D functional has been found to shorten the bonds significantly, up to 0.064 Å (AgI), in Ag halides, BaO, BaS, BaF, BaCl, Cu halides, and Li and Na halides and hydrides. These results do not agree well with very accurate structures derived from microwave spectroscopy; we therefore believe that the dispersion correction in the APF-D method should be reconsidered. Finally, we found that inaccurate structures can easily lead to errors of few kcal/mol in single-point energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury Minenkov
- Physical Science and Engineering Division
(PSE), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Physical Science and Engineering Division
(PSE), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Gierada M, Czeluśniak I, Handzlik J. Terminal-Alkyne-Induced Decomposition of a Phosphine-Free Ruthenium Alkylidene Catalyst. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201601647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Gierada
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Cracow University of Technology; ul. Warszawska 24 31-155 Kraków Poland
| | - Izabela Czeluśniak
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Wroclaw; ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Jarosław Handzlik
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Cracow University of Technology; ul. Warszawska 24 31-155 Kraków Poland
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16
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Liptrot DJ, Power PP. London dispersion forces in sterically crowded inorganic and organometallic molecules. Nat Rev Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-016-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Waitt C, Ferrara NM, Eshuis H. Thermochemistry and Geometries for Transition-Metal Chemistry from the Random Phase Approximation. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:5350-5360. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Waitt
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, United States
| | - Nashali M. Ferrara
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, United States
| | - Henk Eshuis
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, United States
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18
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Śliwa P, Kurleto K, Handzlik J, Rogalski S, Żak P, Wyrzykiewicz B, Pietraszuk C. Regioselectivity of Stoichiometric Metathesis of Vinylsilanes with Second-Generation Grubbs Catalyst: A Combined DFT and Experimental Study. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Śliwa
- Faculty
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Kurleto
- Faculty
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jarosław Handzlik
- Faculty
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Szymon Rogalski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska
89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Patrycja Żak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska
89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Bożena Wyrzykiewicz
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska
89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Cezary Pietraszuk
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska
89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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19
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Paredes-Gil K, Jaque P. Theoretical characterization of first and second generation Grubbs catalysts in styrene cross-metathesis reactions: insights from conceptual DFT. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy00826c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reorganization energy and DFT-based reactivity descriptors revealed important issues regarding the performance of Grubbs catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Paredes-Gil
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Pablo Jaque
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
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20
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Lummiss JAM, Higman CS, Fyson DL, McDonald R, Fogg DE. The divergent effects of strong NHC donation in catalysis. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6739-6746. [PMID: 29861923 PMCID: PMC5947514 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02592c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The inverse relationship between NHC donicity and catalyst initiation.
Strong σ-donation from NHC ligands (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) is shown to have profoundly conflicting consequences for the reactivity of transition-metal catalysts. Such donation is regarded as central to high catalyst activity in many contexts, of which the second-generation Grubbs metathesis catalysts (RuCl2(NHC)(PCy3)(
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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CHPh), GII) offer an early, prominent example. Less widely recognized is the dramatically inhibiting impact of NHC ligation on initiation of GII, and on re-entry into the catalytic cycle from the resting-state methylidene species RuCl2(NHC)(PCy3)(
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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CH2), GIIm. Both GII and the methylidene complexes are activated by dissociation of PCy3. The impact of NHC donicity on the rate of PCy3 loss is explored in a comparison of s-GIIm, vs.u-GIIm, in which the NHC ligand is saturated H2IMes or unsaturated IMes, respectively. PCy3 loss is nearly an order of magnitude slower for the IMes derivative (a difference that is replicated, albeit smaller, for the benzylidene precatalysts GII). Proposed as an overlooked contributor to these rate differences is an increase in the Ru–PCy3 bond strength arising from π-back-donation onto the phosphine ligand. Strong σ-donation from the IMes ligand, coupled with the inability of this unsaturated NHC to participate in significant π-backbonding, amplifies Ru → PCy3 π-back-donation. The resulting increase in Ru–P bond strength greatly inhibits entry into the active cycle. For s-GII, in contrast, the greater π-acceptor capacity of the NHC ligand enables competing Ru → H2IMes back-donation (as confirmed by NOE experiments, which reveal restricted rotation about the Ru–NHC bond for H2IMes, but not IMes). Ru → PCy3 back-donation is thus attenuated in the H2IMes complexes, accounting for the greater lability of the PCy3 ligand in s-GIIm and s-GII. Similarly inhibited initiation is predicted for other metal–NHC catalysts in which a π-acceptor ligand L must be dissociated to permit substrate binding. Conversely, enhanced reactivity can be expected where such L ligands are pure σ-donors. These effects are expected to be particularly dramatic where the NHC ligand has minimal π-acceptor capacity (as in the unsaturated Arduengo carbenes), and in geometries that maximize NHC–M–L orbital interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A M Lummiss
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation and Department of Chemistry , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , K1N 6N5 , Canada .
| | - Carolyn S Higman
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation and Department of Chemistry , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , K1N 6N5 , Canada .
| | - Devon L Fyson
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation and Department of Chemistry , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , K1N 6N5 , Canada .
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , T6G 2G2 , AB , Canada
| | - Deryn E Fogg
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation and Department of Chemistry , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , K1N 6N5 , Canada .
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Poater A, Cavallo L. A comprehensive study of olefin metathesis catalyzed by Ru-based catalysts. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:1767-80. [PMID: 26664596 PMCID: PMC4660983 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During a Ru-catalyzed reaction of an olefin with an alkylidene moiety that leads to a metallacycle intermediate, the cis insertion of the olefin can occur from two different directions, namely side and bottom with respect to the phosphine or N-heterocyclic ligand (NHC), depending on the first or second generation Grubbs catalyst. Here, DFT calculations unravel to which extent the bottom coordination of olefins with respect is favored over the side coordination through screening a wide range of catalysts, including first and second generation Grubbs catalysts as well as the subsequent Hoveyda derivatives. The equilibrium between bottom and side coordination is influenced by sterics, electronics, and polarity of the solvent. The side attack is favored for sterically less demanding NHC and/or alkylidene ligands. Moreover the generation of a 14-electron species is also discussed, with either pyridine or phosphine ligands to dissociate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Nelson DJ, Manzini S, Urbina-Blanco CA, Nolan SP. Key processes in ruthenium-catalysed olefin metathesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:10355-75. [PMID: 24931143 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02515f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
While the fundamental series of [2+2]cycloadditions and retro[2+2]cycloadditions that make up the pathways of ruthenium-catalysed metathesis reactions is well-established, the exploration of mechanistic aspects of alkene metathesis continues. In this Feature Article, modern mechanistic studies of the alkene metathesis reaction, catalysed by well-defined ruthenium complexes, are discussed. Broadly, these concern the processes of pre-catalyst initiation, propagation and decomposition, which all have a considerable impact on the overall efficiency of metathesis reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Nelson
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK.
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23
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Paredes-Gil K, Jaque P. Initiation stage of alkene metathesis: Insights from natural bond orbital and charge decomposition analyses. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Khan RKM, Torker S, Hoveyda AH. Reactivity and Selectivity Differences between Catecholate and Catechothiolate Ru Complexes. Implications Regarding Design of Stereoselective Olefin Metathesis Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14337-40. [DOI: 10.1021/ja505961z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Kashif M. Khan
- Department of Chemistry,
Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Sebastian Torker
- Department of Chemistry,
Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Amir H. Hoveyda
- Department of Chemistry,
Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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25
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2012. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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26
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Occhipinti G, Koudriavtsev V, Törnroos KW, Jensen VR. Theory-assisted development of a robust and Z-selective olefin metathesis catalyst. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:11106-17. [PMID: 24788021 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00409d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
DFT calculations have predicted a new, highly Z-selective ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalyst that is considerably more robust than the recently reported (SIMes)(Cl)(RS)RuCH(o-OiPrC6H4) (3a, SIMes = 1,3-dimesityl-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene, R = 2,4,6-triphenylbenzene) [J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2013, 135, 3331]. Replacing the chloride of 3a by an isocyanate ligand to give 5a was predicted to increase the stability of the complex considerably, at the same time moderately improving the Z-selectivity. Compound 5a is easily prepared in a two-step synthesis starting from the Hoveyda-Grubbs second-generation catalyst 3. In agreement with the calculations, the isocyanate-substituted 5a appears to be somewhat more Z-selective than the chloride analogue 3a. More importantly, 5a can be used in air, with unpurified and non-degassed substrates and solvents, and in the presence of acids. These are traits that are unprecedented among highly Z-selective olefin metathesis catalysts and also very promising with respect to applications of the new catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Occhipinti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
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Torker S, Khan RKM, Hoveyda AH. The influence of anionic ligands on stereoisomerism of Ru carbenes and their importance to efficiency and selectivity of catalytic olefin metathesis reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:3439-55. [PMID: 24533571 DOI: 10.1021/ja410606b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Investigations detailed herein provide insight regarding the mechanism of stereochemical inversion of stereogenic-at-Ru carbene complexes through a nonolefin metathesis-based polytopal rearrangement pathway. Computational analyses (DFT) reveal that there are two key factors that generate sufficient energy barriers that are responsible for the possibility of isolation and characterization of high-energy, but kinetically stable, intermediates: (1) donor-donor interactions that involve the anionic ligands and the strongly electron donating carbene groups and (2) dipolar effects arising from the syn relationship between the anionic groups (iodide and phenoxide). We demonstrate that a Brønsted acid lowers barriers to facilitate isomerization, and that the positive influence of a proton source is the result of its ability to diminish the repulsive electronic interactions originating from the anionic ligands. The implications of the present studies regarding a more sophisticated knowledge of the role of anionic units on the efficiency of Ru-catalyzed olefin metathesis reactions are discussed. The electronic basis for the increased facility with which allylic alcohols participate in olefin metathesis processes will be presented as well. Finally, we illustrate how a better understanding of the role of anionic ligands has served as the basis for successful design of Ru-based Z-selective catalysts for alkene metathesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Torker
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College , Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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The Influence of Structure on Reactivity in Alkene Metathesis. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800256-8.00002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Trzaskowski B, Grela K. Structural and Mechanistic Basis of the Fast Metathesis Initiation by a Six-Coordinated Ruthenium Catalyst. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400233s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Trzaskowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Karol Grela
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
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30
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Seth M, Ziegler T, Steinmetz M, Grimme S. Modeling Transition Metal Reactions with Range-Separated Functionals. J Chem Theory Comput 2013; 9:2286-99. [DOI: 10.1021/ct301112m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Seth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, University Drive 2500, Calgary,
AB T2N-1N4, Canada
| | - Tom Ziegler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, University Drive 2500, Calgary,
AB T2N-1N4, Canada
| | - Marc Steinmetz
- Mulliken
Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Physical and Theoretical
Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse
4, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken
Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Physical and Theoretical
Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse
4, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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31
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Żukowska K, Szadkowska A, Trzaskowski B, Pazio A, Pączek Ł, Woźniak K, Grela K. 3-Bromopyridine As a Sixth Ligand in Sulfoxide-Based Hoveyda Complexes: A Study on Catalytic Properties. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400064c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Żukowska
- Faculty of
Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura
1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224
Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Szadkowska
- Faculty of
Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura
1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Trzaskowski
- Faculty of
Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura
1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Pazio
- Faculty of
Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura
1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Pączek
- Faculty of
Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura
1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224
Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Faculty of
Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura
1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Grela
- Faculty of
Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura
1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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32
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Minenkov Y, Occhipinti G, Jensen VR. Complete Reaction Pathway of Ruthenium-Catalyzed Olefin Metathesis of Ethyl Vinyl Ether: Kinetics and Mechanistic Insight from DFT. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om301192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yury Minenkov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten
41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Giovanni Occhipinti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten
41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Vidar R. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten
41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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33
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Ashworth IW, Nelson DJ, Percy JM. Solvent effects on Grubbs’ pre-catalyst initiation rates. Dalton Trans 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt32441e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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34
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Martinez H, Miró P, Charbonneau P, Hillmyer MA, Cramer CJ. Selectivity in Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Z-Cyclooctenes Catalyzed by a Second-generation Grubbs Catalyst. ACS Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cs300549u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and
Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Pere Miró
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and
Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Patrick Charbonneau
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and
Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Marc A. Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and
Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher J. Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and
Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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35
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Minenkov Y, Singstad Å, Occhipinti G, Jensen VR. The accuracy of DFT-optimized geometries of functional transition metal compounds: a validation study of catalysts for olefin metathesis and other reactions in the homogeneous phase. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:5526-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt12232d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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