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Post-Functionalization of Organometallic Complexes via Click-Reaction. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196494. [PMID: 36235030 PMCID: PMC9614606 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CuAAC (Cu catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition) click-reaction is a simple and powerful method for the post-synthetic modification of organometallic complexes of transition metals. This approach allows the selective introduction of additional donor sites or functional groups to the periphery of the ligand environment. This is especially important if a metalloligand with free donor sites, which are of the same nature as the primary site for the coordination of the primary metal, has to be created. The concept of post-synthetic modification of organometallic complexes by click-reaction is relatively recent and the currently available experimental material does not yet allow us to identify trends and formulate recommendations to address specific problems. In the present study, we have applied the CuAAC reaction for the post-synthetic modification of diimine mononuclear complexes Re(I), Pt(II) and Ir(III) with C≡C bonds at the periphery of the ligand environment and demonstrated that click-chemistry is a powerful tool for the tunable chemical post-synthetic modification of coordination compounds.
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Vanicek S, Podewitz M, Stubbe J, Schulze D, Kopacka H, Wurst K, Müller T, Lippmann P, Haslinger S, Schottenberger H, Liedl KR, Ott I, Sarkar B, Bildstein B. Highly Electrophilic, Catalytically Active and Redox-Responsive Cobaltoceniumyl and Ferrocenyl Triazolylidene Coinage Metal Complexes. Chemistry 2018; 24:3742-3753. [PMID: 29214677 PMCID: PMC6100101 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A convenient access to a triad of triazoles with ferrocenyl and cobaltoceniumyl substituents is reported. N-Alkylation, deprotonation and metalation with CuI /AgI /AuI synthons affords the heteroleptic triazolylidene complexes. Due to the combination of neutral, electron-donating ferrocenyl substituents and cationic, strongly electron-withdrawing cobaltocenium substituents, the mesoionic carbene (MIC) ligands of these complexes are electronically interesting "push-pull", "pull-push" and "pull-pull" metalloligands with further switchable redox states based on their fully reversible FeII /FeIII , (ferrocene/ferrocenium) and CoIII /CoII , (cobaltocenium/cobaltocene) redox couples. These are the first examples of metal complexes of (di)cationic NHC ligands based on cobaltoceniumyl substituents. DFT calculated Tolman electronic parameter (TEP) of the new MIC ligands, show these metalloligands to be extremely electron-poor NHCs with properties unmatched in other carbene chemistry. Utilization of these multimetallic electronically tunable compounds in catalytic oxazoline synthesis and in antitumor studies are presented. Remarkably, 1 mol % of the AuI complex with the dicationic MIC ligand displays full catalytic conversion, without the need for any other additives, in less than 2 hours at ambient temperatures. These results thus firmly establish these new classes of cobaltoceniumyl based (di)cationic MIC ligands as prominent players in several branches of chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Vanicek
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and BiomedicineInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Maren Podewitz
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and BiomedicineInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Jessica Stubbe
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Inorganic ChemistryFreie Universität BerlinFabeckstraße 34–3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Dennis Schulze
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Inorganic ChemistryFreie Universität BerlinFabeckstraße 34–3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Holger Kopacka
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and BiomedicineInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and BiomedicineInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and BiomedicineInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Petra Lippmann
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBeethovenstr. 5538106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Simone Haslinger
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and BiomedicineInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Herwig Schottenberger
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and BiomedicineInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Klaus R. Liedl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and BiomedicineInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBeethovenstr. 5538106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Inorganic ChemistryFreie Universität BerlinFabeckstraße 34–3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Benno Bildstein
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and BiomedicineInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
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Rapakousiou A, Belin C, Salmon L, Ruiz J, Astruc D. Click Co sandwich-terminated dendrimers as polyhydride reservoirs and micellar templates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:6267-6270. [PMID: 28548161 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03311g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutral click metallodendrimers with [CoI(η4-cyclopentadiene)(η5-cyclopentadienyl)] termini are synthesized by reduction of dendrimers with 9, 27 or 81 cobalticenium termini and serve as polyhydride reservoirs and reductants; for instance, they reduce proton sources to H2 and AuIII to micellized capsules of gold nanoparticles.
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Metallomacromolecules containing cobalt sandwich complexes: Synthesis and functional materials properties. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Gu H, Ciganda R, Gatard S, Lu F, Zhao P, Ruiz J, Astruc D. On metallocene-containing macromolecules and their applications. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Vanicek S, Kopacka H, Wurst K, Müller T, Hassenrück C, Winter RF, Bildstein B. Monofunctionalized Cobaltocenium Compounds by Dediazoniation Reactions of Cobaltoceniumdiazonium Bis(hexafluorophosphate). Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Vanicek
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical
Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Holger Kopacka
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical
Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical
Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christopher Hassenrück
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rainer F. Winter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Benno Bildstein
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical
Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Yan Y, Zhang J, Wilbon P, Qiao Y, Tang C. Ring-opening metathesis polymerization of 18-e Cobalt(I)-containing norbornene and application as heterogeneous macromolecular catalyst in atom transfer radical polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 35:1840-5. [PMID: 25250694 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, metallopolymers have received great attention due to their various applications in the fields of materials and chemistry. In this article, a neutral 18-electron exo-substituted η(4) -cyclopentadiene CpCo(I) unit-containing polymer is prepared in a controlled/"living" fashion by combining facile click chemistry and ring-opening meta-thesis polymerization (ROMP). This Co(I)-containing polymer is further used as a heterogeneous macromolecular catalyst for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate and styrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
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Rapakousiou A, Wang Y, Ciganda R, Lasnier JM, Astruc D. Click Chemistry of an Ethynylarene Iron Complex: Syntheses, Properties, and Redox Chemistry of Cationic Bimetallic and Dendritic Iron-Sandwich Complexes. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500495r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanlan Wang
- ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Roberto Ciganda
- ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | | | - Didier Astruc
- ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
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Wang Y, Rapakousiou A, Astruc D. ROMP Synthesis of Cobalticenium–Enamine Polyelectrolytes. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5007864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlan Wang
- ISM, UMR
CNRS No. 5255, Université de Bordeaux, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Amalia Rapakousiou
- ISM, UMR
CNRS No. 5255, Université de Bordeaux, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Didier Astruc
- ISM, UMR
CNRS No. 5255, Université de Bordeaux, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
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Wang Y, Latouche C, Rapakousiou A, Lopez C, Ledoux-Rak I, Ruiz J, Saillard JY, Astruc D. Uncatalyzed Hydroamination of Electrophilic Organometallic Alkynes: Fundamental, Theoretical, and Applied Aspects. Chemistry 2014; 20:8076-88. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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“Click” Synthesis and Redox Activity of a Water-Soluble Triazolylcobalticinium Polyelectrolyte. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-013-9958-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yan Y, Zhang J, Qiao Y, Tang C. Facile preparation of cobaltocenium-containing polyelectrolyte via click chemistry and RAFT polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 35:254-259. [PMID: 24023049 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A facile method to prepare cationic cobaltocenium-containing polyelectrolyte is reported. Cobaltocenium monomer with methacrylate is synthesized by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction between 2-azidoethyl methacrylate and ethynylcobaltocenium hexafluorophosphate. Further controlled polymerization is achieved by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) by using cumyl dithiobenzoate (CDB) as a chain transfer agent. Kinetic study demonstrates the controlled/living process of polymerization. The obtained side-chain cobaltocenium-containing polymer is a metal-containing polyelectrolyte that shows characteristic redox behavior of cobaltocenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
| | - Jiuyang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
| | - Yali Qiao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
| | - Chuanbing Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
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Rapakousiou A, Wang Y, Belin C, Pinaud N, Ruiz J, Astruc D. ‘Click’ Synthesis and Redox Properties of Triazolyl Cobalticinium Dendrimers. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:6685-93. [DOI: 10.1021/ic400747y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanlan Wang
- ISM, UMR CNRS N° 5255, Univ. Bordeaux 1, 33405 Talence Cedex,
France
| | - Colette Belin
- ISM, UMR CNRS N° 5255, Univ. Bordeaux 1, 33405 Talence Cedex,
France
| | - Noël Pinaud
- ISM, UMR CNRS N° 5255, Univ. Bordeaux 1, 33405 Talence Cedex,
France
| | - Jaime Ruiz
- ISM, UMR CNRS N° 5255, Univ. Bordeaux 1, 33405 Talence Cedex,
France
| | - Didier Astruc
- ISM, UMR CNRS N° 5255, Univ. Bordeaux 1, 33405 Talence Cedex,
France
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Liang L, Diallo AK, Salmon L, Ruiz J, Astruc D. Catalysis of C-C Cross-Coupling Reactions in Aqueous Solvent by Bis- and Tris(ferrocenyltriazolylmethyl)arene-β-Cyclodextrin-Stabilized Pd0 Nanoparticles. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201200098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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