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Shaw TE, Diethrich TJ, Stern CL, Scott BL, Jurca T, Gilbert TM, Sattelberger AP. Synthesis, characterization, X-ray and electronic structures of diethyl ether and 1,2-dimethoxyethane adducts of molybdenum(IV) chloride and tungsten(IV) chloride. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:7856-7863. [PMID: 35531983 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00787h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The bis(diethyl ether) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (dme) adducts of molybdenum(IV) chloride and tungsten(IV) chloride are valuable starting materials for a variety of synthetic inorganic and organometallic reactions. Despite the broad utility and extensive use of these 6-coordinate complexes, their syntheses remain unoptimized, and their characterization incomplete after more than three decades. While exploring the ligand exchange behaviour of trans-MoCl4(OEt2)2, we obtained single crystals of this red-orange complex and subsequently compared its structural parameters with those of the recently reported trans-WCl4(OEt2)2. Significantly improved procedures for both MoCl4(dme) and WCl4(dme) were developed, and X-ray diffraction data were obtained and analysed. The magnetic properties of the dme adducts were probed, both with Gouy and SQUID magnetometry measurements. The magnetic moment of WCl4(dme) was smaller than that of MoCl4(dme), an observation that we attribute to the greater spin-orbit coupling of tungsten. Electronic structure studies were also conducted to probe the preferential trans configuration of the diethyl ether adducts and to assign the UV-Vis spectra of the dme adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA. .,Renewable Energy and Chemical Transformations (REACT) Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Timothy J Diethrich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Charlotte L Stern
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Brian L Scott
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Titel Jurca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA. .,Renewable Energy and Chemical Transformations (REACT) Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Thomas M Gilbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA.
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2
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Greenacre VK, Levason W, Powell J, Reid G, Smith DE. The reactions of MoOCl4 with neutral group 15 and 16 ligands and a re-investigation of some N-donor ligand complexes of MoOCl3. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Smith DE, Levason W, Powell J, Reid G. Synthesis, properties and structural features of molybdenum(v) oxide trichloride complexes with neutral chalcogenoether ligands. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:4380-4389. [PMID: 33704331 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Complexes of oxotrichloromolybdenum(v) with neutral group 16 donor ligands, [MoOCl3(L-L)] (L-L = RS(CH2)2SR, R = iPr, Ph; MeS(CH2)3SMe; MeSe(CH2)2SeMe; MeSe(CH2)3SeMe), [{MoOCl2(EMe2)}2(μ-Cl)2] (E = S, Se, Te), [(MoOCl3)2{o-C6H4(EMe)2}]n (E = Se or Te) and [(MoOCl3)2{MeTe(CH2)3TeMe}]n, have been obtained by reaction of the ligands with [MoOCl3(thf)2] or MoOCl3 in either CH2Cl2 or toluene, and characterised by microanalysis, IR and UV-visible spectroscopy and magnetic measurements. The telluroethers are the first examples containing Mo in a positive oxidation state. X-ray crystal structures are reported for the six-coordinate fac-[MoOCl3{MeS(CH2)3SMe}], mer-[MoOCl3{iPrS(CH2)2SiPr}] and mer-[MoOCl3{MeSe(CH2)2SeMe}], as well as the six-coordinate chloride-bridged dimers, [{MoOCl2(SMe2)}2(μ-Cl)2] and [{MoOCl2(SeMe2)}2(μ-Cl)2]. The structure of the mixed-valence decomposition product, [MoIVCl{o-C6H4(TeMe)2}2(μ-O)MoVOCl4], was also determined. In toluene solution MoOCl4 is reduced by MeS(CH2)3SMe to produce the Mo(v) complex, [MoOCl3{ MeS(CH2)3SMe}]. Crystal structures of the previously unknown diphosphine analogue, [MoOCl3{Me2P(CH2)2PMe2}], and the mixed-valence derivative [MoIVCl{Me2P(CH2)2PMe2}2(μ-O)MoVOCl4] are also reported for comparison and help to clarify earlier contradictory literature reports. In contrast to the dimeric EMe2 complexes, [{MoOCl2(EMe2)}2(μ-Cl)2], PMe3 forms the monomeric complex, fac-[MoOCl3(PMe3)2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Bortoluzzi M, Ferretti E, Hayatifar M, Marchetti F, Pampaloni G, Zacchini S. One‐Pot Intermolecular C–S Self‐Coupling of Dimethyl Sulfoxide Promoted by Molybdenum Pentachloride. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bortoluzzi
- Ca' Foscari Università di Venezia Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi Via Torino 15530170Mestre (VE)Italy
| | - Eleonora Ferretti
- Università di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Via Moruzzi 1356124PisaItaly
| | - Mohammad Hayatifar
- Università di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Via Moruzzi 1356124PisaItaly
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Università di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Via Moruzzi 1356124PisaItaly
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- Università di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Via Moruzzi 1356124PisaItaly
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Università di Bologna Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari” Viale Risorgimento 440136BolognaItaly
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Molybdenum(V) and molybdenum(IV) coordination compounds from the reactions of MoCl5 with sulfones. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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The versatile chemistry of niobium pentachloride with aliphatic amines: Aminolysis, metal reduction and C–H activation. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Di Nicola FP, Lanzi M, Marchetti F, Pampaloni G, Zacchini S. Is bond stretch isomerism in mononuclear transition metal complexes a real issue? The misleading case of the MoCl5/tetrahydropyran reaction system. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:12653-9. [PMID: 26080003 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01378j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Distinct batches of orange (1a-e) and green crystals (2a-e) were isolated from the reactions of MoCl5 with tetrahydropyran (thp), respectively at room temperature (in CH2Cl2) and at ca. 80 °C (in ClCH2CH2Cl). Crystals 2a-e are isomorphous to 1a-e and the IR spectra are almost superimposable. 1a-e were identified by X-ray studies as cis-MoCl4(thp)2, in agreement with previous findings. Careful refinement of the X-ray data of 2a-e by modeling one position as disordered between chlorine (minor component) and oxygen (major component) led to the conclusion that 2a-e consisted of a mixture of cis-MoCl4(thp)2 and mer-MoOCl3(thp)2, the latter being largely prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Paolo Di Nicola
- University of Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
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Bortoluzzi M, Bresciani G, Marchetti F, Pampaloni G, Zacchini S. MoCl5 as an effective chlorinating agent towards α-amino acids: synthesis of α-ammonium-acylchloride salts and α-amino-acylchloride complexes. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:10030-7. [PMID: 25948387 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01002k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of MoCl5 with α-amino acids was investigated for the first time by choosing CH2Cl2 as the reaction medium. The interaction of MoCl5 with l-proline proceeded with Cl/O interchange and led to the formation of [NH2(CH2)3CHC(O)Cl][MoOCl4], 1, in 63% yield. The reactions of MoCl5 with l-phenylalanine, sarcosine, N,N-dimethylglycine and N,N-dimethyl-l-phenylalanine afforded the α-amino-acylchloride complexes MoOCl3[O[double bond, length as m-dash]C(Cl)CH(R)N(R')(R'')] (R = CH2Ph, R' = R'' = H, 2a; R = R' = H, R'' = Me, 2b; R = H, R' = R'' = Me, 2c R = CH2Ph, R' = R'' = Me, 2d), in ca. 70% yields. According to DFT studies, 2a,d are mononuclear Mo(v) octahedral complexes bearing a N,O-coordinated α-amino-acylchloride ligand. The presumed species formed during the first stages of the MoCl5/l-phenylalanine interaction were DFT-elucidated, thus the calculated Gibbs free energy profile for the multi-step reaction of MoCl5 with l-phenylalanine was traced. [NH3CH(CH2Ph)C(O)Cl][MoOCl4], 3, acting as an intermediate in the course of the formation of 2a, was isolated by combination of [NH3CH(CH2Ph)C(O)Cl][Cl] with MoOCl3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bortoluzzi
- Ca' Foscari University of Venezia, Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Dorsoduro 2137, I-30123 Venezia, Italy
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Bortoluzzi M, Hayatifar M, Marchetti F, Pampaloni G, Zacchini S. Synthesis of α-amino acidato derivatives of niobium and tantalum pentahalides and their conversion into iminium salts. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:4047-55. [PMID: 25844933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dinuclear complexes of formula Nb2Cl9[O2CCH(R)NR'R″2-κO,κO] (R = CH2CHMe2, R' = R″ = H, 1a; R = CH2Ph, R' = R″ = H, 1b; R = CH2CH2SCH3, R' = R″ = H, 1c; R = R' = H, R″ = Me, 1d; R = CH2Ph, R' = R″ = Me, 1e; Nb2Cl9[O2C⌈CH(CH2)3NH⌉], 1f) were prepared by allowing NbCl5 to react in dichloromethane with the appropriate α-amino acid in 1:2 amino acid/Nb molar ratio. The 1:1 reactions between MX5 (M = Nb, Ta; X = Cl, Br) and a series of α-amino acids resulted in the formation of the iminium salts [(R)CH═NR'R″2][MX6] (R = CH2Ph, R' = R″ = Me: M = Nb, X = Cl, 2a; M = Nb, X = Br, 2b; M = Ta, X = Cl, 2c; M = Ta, X = Br, 2d; R = CH2Ph, R' = R″ = H, M = Nb: X = Cl, 3a; X = Br, 3b; R = CH2CHMe2, R' = R″ = H, M = Nb, X = Cl, 4; R = R' = H, R″ = Me, M = Nb, X = Cl, 5). The formate/amino acidate derivative NbCl3(O2CH)[O2CCH(CH2Ph)NMe2], 6, was isolated and identified as coproduct of the 1:1 reaction between NbCl5 and N,N-dimethyl-l-phenylalanine, leading to 2a. All of the compounds were characterized by analytical and spectroscopic methods and by X-ray diffractometry in the cases of 2a, 2b, and 2d. Moreover, density functional theory studies were carried out to shed light on mechanistic and structural aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bortoluzzi
- †Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Ca' Foscari Università di Venezia, Dorsoduro 2137, 30123 Venezia, Italy
| | - Mohammad Hayatifar
- §Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- ‡Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 3, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- ‡Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 3, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- §Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
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Marchetti F, Pampaloni G, Zacchini S. The reactivity of MoCl5 with molecules containing the alcohol functionality. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Biancalana L, Bortoluzzi M, Forte C, Marchetti F, Pampaloni G. Structural characterization of α-amino acid complexes of molybdates: a spectroscopic and DFT study. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14236e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A joint spectroscopic and computational study has allowed us to determine the dinuclear structural core of the products of the reactions between molybdates and α-amino acids in aqueous medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Biancalana
- University of Pisa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- I-56124 Pisa
- Italy
| | - Marco Bortoluzzi
- Ca'Foscari University of Venice
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
- I-30123 Venezia
- Italy
| | - Claudia Forte
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici
- CNR
- Area della Ricerca di Pisa
- I-56124 Pisa
- Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- University of Pisa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- I-56124 Pisa
- Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- University of Pisa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- I-56124 Pisa
- Italy
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Bortoluzzi M, Marchetti F, Pampaloni G, Zacchini S. Oxido-molybdenum complexes obtained by Cl/O interchange between MoCl5 and carboxylic acids: a crystallographic, spectroscopic and computational study. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:16416-23. [PMID: 25251728 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02201g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The direct interaction of MoCl5 with a series of carboxylic acids has been elucidated for the first time. The reactions proceed with release of hydrogen chloride and Cl/O interchange between the metal centre and one equivalent of organic substrate: this feature is unique in the context of the chemistry generally shown by transition metal halides with carboxylic acids. The dinuclear complexes [MoOCl2(κ(1)-CX3CO2H)(μ-Cl)]2 (X = H, 1a; X = Cl, 1b) and Mo2O2Cl6(μ-CH3CO2H), 2a, were isolated as the prevalent metal products of the 1:2 molar reactions of MoCl5 with CH3COOH and CCl3COOH. Evidence for the formation of Mo2O2Cl6(μ-CCl3CO2H), 2b, was achieved by allowing MoCl5 to react with CCl3COOH in 2:3 ratio. Instead the reactions of MoCl5 with a three-fold molar excess of RCOOH afforded the mononuclear complexes MoOCl3(κ(1)-RCO2H)2 (R = CH3, 3a; CCl3, 3b; CHCl2, 3c; CMe3, 3d) in 50–60% yields. The new compounds were characterized by analytical and spectroscopic techniques, moreover the X-ray molecular structures were ascertained for 1a, 1b and 2a; 1a and 1b display single Mo–Mo bond. DFT calculations were carried out in order to shed light into structural aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bortoluzzi
- University of Venezia Ca' Foscari, Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Dorsoduro 2137, I-30123 Venezia, Italy
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Bazhenova TA, Lyssenko KA, Kuznetsov DA, Kovaleva NV, Manakin YV, Savinykh TA, Shestakov AF. Methanolysis of MoCl5 in the presence of different alkaline agents; molecular structures of the polynuclear molybdenum(V) methoxides and electron charge density distribution from X-ray diffraction study of the new K–Mo cluster. Polyhedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bortoluzzi M, Hayatifar M, Marchetti F, Pampaloni G, Zacchini S. Synthesis of di- and tetranuclear oxido-molybdenum(v) complexes containing p-toluenesulfonates as ligands: a joint spectroscopic, crystallographic and computational study. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:10157-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00796d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Favero L, Marchetti F, Pampaloni G, Zacchini S. The interaction of molybdenum pentachloride with O- and S-heterocycles. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:495-504. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52271g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Marchetti F, Pampaloni G, Zacchini S. The reactivity of molybdenum pentachloride with ethers: routes to the synthesis of MoIVCl4 adducts, Mo(v) chlorido-alkoxides and Mo(v) oxydo-chlorides. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:15226-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51797g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Marchetti F, Pampaloni G, Zacchini S. Lactam/MoCl5 interaction in CH2Cl2: synthesis and X-ray characterization of protonated δ-valerolactam salts. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra23305g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Dolci S, Marchetti F, Pampaloni G, Zacchini S. A crystallographic and spectroscopic study on the reactions of WCl6 with carbonyl compounds. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:5635-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt32771f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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