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Haungs DA, Brown SN. Slicing the π in Three Unequal Pieces: Iridium Complexes with Alkyne, Iminoxolene, and Dioxolene Ligands. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Haungs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, United States
| | - Seth N. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, United States
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2
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Hood TM, Chaplin AB. Synthesis and reactivity of iridium complexes of a macrocyclic PNP pincer ligand. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2472-2482. [PMID: 33511383 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04303f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Having recently reported on the synthesis and rhodium complexes of the novel macrocyclic pincer ligand PNP-14, which is derived from lutidine and features terminal phosphine donors trans-substituted with a tetradecamethylene linker (Dalton Trans., 2020, 49, 2077-2086 and Dalton Trans., 2020, 49, 16649-16652), we herein describe our findings critically examining the chemistry of iridium homologues. The five-coordinate iridium(i) and iridium(iii) complexes [Ir(PNP-14)(η2:η2-cyclooctadiene)][BArF4] and [Ir(PNP-14)(2,2'-biphenyl)][BArF4] are readily prepared and shown to be effective precursors for the generation of iridium(iii) dihydride dihydrogen, iridium(i) bis(ethylene), and iridium(i) carbonyl derivatives that highlight important periodic trends by comparison to rhodium counterparts. Reaction of [Ir(PNP-14)H2(H2)][BArF4] with 3,3-dimethylbutene induced triple C-H bond activation of the methylene chain, yielding an iridium(iii) allyl hydride derivative [Ir(PNP-14*)H][BArF4], whilst catalytic homocoupling of 3,3-dimethylbutyne into Z-tBuC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CCHCHtBu could be promoted at RT by [Ir(PNP-14)(η2:η2-cyclooctadiene)][BArF4] (TOFinitial = 28 h-1). The mechanism of the latter is proposed to involve formation and direct reaction of a vinylidene derivative with HC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CtBu outside of the macrocyclic ring and this suggestion is supported experimentally by isolation and crystallographic characterisation of a catalyst deactivation product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Hood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Adrian B Chaplin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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3
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Naicker D, Alapour S, Friedrich HB. The effects of metals and ligands on the oxidation of n-octane using iridium and rhodium “PNP” aminodiphosphine complexes. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519820967245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ir and Rh “PNP” complexes with different ligands are utilized for the oxidation of n-octane. Based on the obtained conversion, selectivity, and the characterized recovered catalysts, it is found that the combination of Ir and the studied ligands does not promote the redox mechanism that is known to result in selective formation of oxo and peroxo compounds [desired species for C(1) activation]. Instead, they support a deeper oxidation mechanism, and thus higher selectivity for ketones and acids is obtained. In contrast, these ligands seem to tune the electron density around the Rh (in the Rh-PNP complexes), and thus result in a higher n-octane conversion and improved selectivity for the C(1) activated products, with minimized deeper oxidation, in comparison to Ir-PNP catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunesha Naicker
- Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Saba Alapour
- Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Holger B Friedrich
- Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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4
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Yoo C, Dodge HM, Farquhar AH, Gardner KE, Miller AJM. Decarbonylative ether dissection by iridium pincer complexes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12130-12138. [PMID: 34123222 PMCID: PMC8162749 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03736b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique chain-rupturing transformation that converts an ether functionality into two hydrocarbyl units and carbon monoxide is reported, mediated by iridium(i) complexes supported by aminophenylphosphinite (NCOP) pincer ligands. The decarbonylation, which involves the cleavage of one C-C bond, one C-O bond, and two C-H bonds, along with formation of two new C-H bonds, was serendipitously discovered upon dehydrochlorination of an iridium(iii) complex containing an aza-18-crown-6 ether macrocycle. Intramolecular cleavage of macrocyclic and acyclic ethers was also found in analogous complexes featuring aza-15-crown-5 ether or bis(2-methoxyethyl)amino groups. Intermolecular decarbonylation of cyclic and linear ethers was observed when diethylaminophenylphosphinite iridium(i) dinitrogen or norbornene complexes were employed. Mechanistic studies reveal the nature of key intermediates along a pathway involving initial iridium(i)-mediated double C-H bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changho Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599-3290 USA
| | - Henry M Dodge
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599-3290 USA
| | - Alexandra H Farquhar
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599-3290 USA
| | - Kristen E Gardner
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599-3290 USA
| | - Alexander J M Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599-3290 USA
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5
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Pozharskii AF, Dyablo OV, Pogosova OG, Ozeryanskii VA, Filarowski A, Vasilikhina KM, Dzhangiryan NA. Modeling Biologically Important NH···π Interactions Using peri-Disubstituted Naphthalenes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12468-12481. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander F. Pozharskii
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Zorge 7, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Olga V. Dyablo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Zorge 7, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Olga G. Pogosova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Zorge 7, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Valery A. Ozeryanskii
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Zorge 7, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksander Filarowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kseniya M. Vasilikhina
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Zorge 7, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Narek A. Dzhangiryan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Zorge 7, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
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6
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Merz LS, Ballmann J, Gade LH. Phosphines and
N
‐Heterocycles Joining Forces: an Emerging Structural Motif in PNP‐Pincer Chemistry. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas S. Merz
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Joachim Ballmann
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Lutz H. Gade
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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7
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Kharitonov VB, Nelyubina YV, Muratov DV, Shepel' NE, Loginov DA. Mononuclear (C5R5)Ir-complexes with π-linked biaryls: Stability and fluorescence quenching. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Recent advances in the chemistry of group 9—Pincer organometallics. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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9
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Merz LS, Blasius CK, Wadepohl H, Gade LH. Square Planar Cobalt(II) Hydride versus T-Shaped Cobalt(I): Structural Characterization and Dihydrogen Activation with PNP–Cobalt Pincer Complexes. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:6102-6113. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas S. Merz
- Anorganisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Clemens K. Blasius
- Anorganisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Lutz H. Gade
- Anorganisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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10
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Hermosilla P, López P, García-Orduña P, Lahoz FJ, Polo V, Casado MA. Amido Complexes of Iridium with a PNP Pincer Ligand: Reactivity toward Alkynes and Hydroamination Catalysis. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Hermosilla
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, c/Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pablo López
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, c/Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Orduña
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, c/Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando J. Lahoz
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, c/Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Víctor Polo
- Departamento de Química Física and Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de los Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, c/Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Casado
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, c/Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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11
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Sietzen M, Batke S, Antoni PW, Wadepohl H, Ballmann J. Benzylene-linked [PNP] scaffolds and their cyclometalated zirconium and hafnium complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:5816-5834. [PMID: 28401977 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00413c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The benzylene-linked [PNP] scaffolds HN(CH2-o-C6H4PPh2)2 ([A]H) and HN(C6H4-o-CH2PPh2)2 ([B]H) have been used for the synthesis of zirconium and hafnium complexes. For both ligands, the dimethylamides [A]M(NMe2)3 ([A]1-M) and [B]M(NMe2)3 ([B]1-M) were prepared and converted to the iodides [A]MI3 ([A]2-M) and [B]MI3 ([B]2-M) (M = Zr, Hf). Starting from these iodides, the corresponding benzyl derivatives [A]MBn3 ([A]3-M) and [B]MBn3 ([B]3-M) (M = Zr, Hf) were obtained via reaction with Bn2Mg(OEt2)2. For zirconium, the benzylic ligand positions in [A]3-Zr and [B]3-Zr were found to cyclometalate readily, which led to the corresponding κ4-[PCNP]ZrBn2 complexes [A]4-Zr and [B]4-Zr. As these complexes failed to hydrogenate cleanly, cyclometalated derivatives with only one alkyl substituent were targeted and the mixed benzyl chlorides κ4-[PCNP]MBnCl ([B]5-M, M = Zr, Hf) were obtained in the case of ligand [B]. Upon hydrogenation of [B]5-Zr, the η6-tolyl complex [B]Zr(η6-C7H8)Cl ([B]6-Zr) was generated cleanly, but the corresponding hafnium complex [B]5-Hf was found to decompose unselectively in the presence of H2. Using a closely related carbazole-based [PNP] ligand, Gade and co-workers have shown recently that zirconium η6-arene complexes similar to [B]6-Zr may serve as zirconium(ii) synthons, namely when reacted with 2,6-Dipp-NC (L) or pyridine (py). Both these substrates were shown to react cleanly with [B]6-Zr, which led to the formation of the bis-isocyanide complex [B]ZrCl(L)2 ([B]7-Zr) and the 2,2'-bipyridine derivative [B]ZrCl(bipy) ([B]8-Zr), respectively. Upon reaction of [B]Zr(η6-C7H8)Cl ([B]6-Zr) with NaBEt3H, the cyclometalated derivative κ4-[PCNP]Zr(η6-C7H8) ([B]9-Zr) was isolated. In an attempt to synthesise terminal hydrides, complexes [A]MI3 ([A]2-M) were treated with KBEt3H, which led to the isolation of the cyclometalated hydrido complexes κ4-[PCNP]M(H)(κ3-Et3BH) ([A]10-M; M = Zr, Hf) featuring a κ3-bound triethyl borohydride moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Sietzen
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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12
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Cui P, Babbini DC, Iluc VM. C–H activation of ethers by pyridine tethered PCsp3P-type iridium complexes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:10007-16. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00303f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
An iridium complex supported by a PCPyP ligand featuring an internal pyridine tether showed selective mono-C–H activation of ethers, which represent intermediates in the synthesis of the corresponding Fischer carbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | - Dominic C. Babbini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | - Vlad M. Iluc
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
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13
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Plundrich GT, Wadepohl H, Gade LH. Synthesis and Reactivity of Group 4 Metal Benzyl Complexes Supported by Carbazolide-Based PNP Pincer Ligands. Inorg Chem 2015; 55:353-65. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun T. Plundrich
- Anorganisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz H. Gade
- Anorganisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Xu Y, Rettenmeier CA, Plundrich GT, Wadepohl H, Enders M, Gade LH. Borane-Bridged Ruthenium Complex Bearing a PNP Ligand: Synthesis and Structural Characterization. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Xu
- Anorganisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph A. Rettenmeier
- Anorganisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gudrun T. Plundrich
- Anorganisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Enders
- Anorganisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz H. Gade
- Anorganisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Zhao H, Li X, Zhang S, Sun H. Synthesis and Characterization of Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel [PNP] Pincer Amido Complexes by N-H Activation. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201500568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Lee CI, DeMott JC, Pell CJ, Christopher A, Zhou J, Bhuvanesh N, Ozerov OV. Ligand survey results in identification of PNP pincer complexes of iridium as long-lived and chemoselective catalysts for dehydrogenative borylation of terminal alkynes. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6572-6582. [PMID: 30090274 PMCID: PMC6054099 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02161h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the report on the successful use of SiNN pincer complexes of iridium as catalysts for dehydrogenative borylation of terminal alkynes (DHBTA) to alkynylboronates, this work examined a wide variety of related pincer ligands in the supporting role in DHBTA. The ligand selection included both new and previously reported ligands and was developed to explore systematic changes to the SiNN framework (the 8-(2-diisopropylsilylphenyl)aminoquinoline). Surprisingly, only the diarylamido/bis(phosphine) PNP system showed any DHBTA reactivity. The specific PNP ligand (bearing two diisopropylphosphino side donors) used in the screen showed DHBTA activity inferior to SiNN. However, taking advantage of the ligand optimization opportunities presented by the PNP system via the changes in the substitution at phosphorus led to the discovery of a catalyst whose activity, longevity, and scope far exceeded that of the original SiNN archetype. Several Ir complexes were prepared in a model PNP system and evaluated as potential intermediates in the catalytic cycle. Among them, the (PNP)Ir diboryl complex and the borylvinylidene complex were shown to be less competent in catalysis and thus likely not part of the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-I Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX 77842 , USA .
| | - Jessica C DeMott
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX 77842 , USA .
| | - Christopher J Pell
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX 77842 , USA .
| | - Alyson Christopher
- Department of Chemistry , Brandeis University , MS 015, 415 South Street , Waltham , MA 02454 , USA
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX 77842 , USA .
| | - Oleg V Ozerov
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX 77842 , USA .
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17
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The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2013. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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