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Zarrabi N, Poddutoori PK. Aluminum(III) porphyrin: A unique building block for artificial photosynthetic systems. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Zarrabi N, Seetharaman S, Chaudhuri S, Holzer N, Batista VS, van der Est A, D'Souza F, Poddutoori PK. Decelerating Charge Recombination Using Fluorinated Porphyrins in N,N-Bis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)aniline-Aluminum(III) Porphyrin-Fullerene Reaction Center Models. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10008-10024. [PMID: 32343561 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In supramolecular reaction center models, the lifetime of the charge-separated state depends on many factors. However, little attention has been paid to the redox potential of the species that lie between the donor and acceptor in the final charge separated state. Here, we report on a series of self-assembled aluminum porphyrin-based triads that provide a unique opportunity to study the influence of the porphyrin redox potential independently of other factors. The triads, BTMPA-Im→AlPorFn-Ph-C60 (n = 0, 3, 5), were constructed by linking the fullerene (C60) and bis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)aniline (BTMPA) to the aluminum(III) porphyrin. The porphyrin (AlPor, AlPorF3, or AlPorF5) redox potentials are tuned by the substitution of phenyl (Ph), 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl (PhF3), or 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl (PhF5) groups in its meso positions. The C60 and BTMPA units are bound axially to opposite faces of the porphyrin plane via covalent and coordination bonds, respectively. Excitation of all of the triads results in sequential electron transfer that generates the identical final charge separated state, BTMPA•+-Im→AlPorFn-Ph-C60•-, which lies energetically 1.50 eV above the ground state. Despite the fact that the radical pair is identical in all of the triads, remarkably, the lifetime of the BTMPA•+-Im→AlPorFn-Ph-C60•- radical pair was found to be very different in each of them, that is, 1240, 740, and 56 ns for BTMPA-Im→AlPorF5-Ph-C60, BTMPA-Im→AlPorF3-Ph-C60, and BTMPA-Im→AlPor-Ph-C60, respectively. These results clearly suggest that the charge recombination is an activated process that depends on the midpoint potential of the central aluminum(III) porphyrin (AlPorFn).
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Zarrabi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1038 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Sairaman Seetharaman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, # 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Subhajyoti Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Noah Holzer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1038 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Victor S Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Art van der Est
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, # 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Prashanth K Poddutoori
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1038 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
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Zarrabi N, Lim GN, Bayard BJ, D'Souza F, Poddutoori PK. Surface anchored self-assembled reaction centre mimics as photoanodes consisting of a secondary electron donor, aluminium(iii) porphyrin and TiO2 semiconductor. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:19612-19622. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03400e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Vertically assembled photoanodes, consisting of aluminum(iii) porphyrin, an electron donor, and semiconductor TiO2, have been fabricated and their photophysical properties investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Zarrabi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- University of Minnesota Duluth
- Duluth
- USA
| | - Gary N. Lim
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Texas
- Denton
- USA
| | - Brandon J. Bayard
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- University of Minnesota Duluth
- Duluth
- USA
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Zarrabi N, Obondi CO, Lim GN, Seetharaman S, Boe BG, D'Souza F, Poddutoori PK. Charge-separation in panchromatic, vertically positioned bis(donor styryl)BODIPY-aluminum(iii) porphyrin-fullerene supramolecular triads. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:20723-20739. [PMID: 30398274 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr06649c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Three, broad band capturing, vertically aligned supramolecular triads, R2-BDP-AlPorF3←Im-C60 [R = H, styryl (C2H2-Ph), C2H2-TPA (TPA = triphenylamine); ← = coordinate bond], have been constructed using BODIPY derivative (BDP, BDP-Ph2 or BDP-TPA2), 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)aluminum(iii) porphyrin (AlPorF3) and fullerene (C60) entities. The C60 and BDP units are bound to the Al center on the opposite faces of the porphyrin: the BDP derivative through a covalent axial bond using a benzoate spacer and the C60 through a coordination bond via an appended imidazole. Owing to the bis-styryl functionality on BDP, the constructed dyads and triads exhibited panchromatic light capture. Due to the diverse absorption and redox properties of the selected entities, it was possible to demonstrate excitation wavelength dependent photochemical events. In the case of the BDP-AlPorF3 dyad, selective excitation of BDP resulted in singlet-singlet energy transfer to AlPorF3 (kEnT = 1.0 × 1010 s-1). On the other hand, excitation of the AlPorF3 entity in the BDP-AlPorF3←Im-C60 triad revealed charge separation leading to the BDP-(AlPorF3)˙+-(C60)˙- charge separated state (kCS = 2.43 × 109 s-1). In the case of the Ph2-BDP-AlPorF3 dyad, energy transfer from 1AlPorF3* to 1(Ph2-BDP)* was witnessed (kEnT = 1.0 × 1010 s-1); however, upon assembling the supramolecular triad, (Ph2-BDP)-AlPorF3←Im-C60, electron transfer from 1AlPorF3* to C60 (kCS = 3.35 × 109 s-1), followed by hole shift (kHS = 1.00 × 109 s-1) to Ph2-BDP, was witnessed. Finally, in the case of the TPA2-BDP-AlPorF3←Im-C60 triad, only electron transfer leading to the (TPA2-BDP)˙+-AlPorF3←Im-(C60)˙- charge separated state, and no energy transfer, was observed. The facile oxidation of Ph2-BDP and TPA2-BDP compared to AlPorF3 in the latter two triads facilitated charge separation through either an electron migration or hole transfer mechanism depending on the initial excitation. The charge-separated states in these triads persisted for about 20 ns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Zarrabi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA.
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Bagaki A, Gobeze HB, Charalambidis G, Charisiadis A, Stangel C, Nikolaou V, Stergiou A, Tagmatarchis N, D’Souza F, Coutsolelos AG. Axially Assembled Photosynthetic Antenna-Reaction Center Mimics Composed of Boron Dipyrromethenes, Aluminum Porphyrin, and Fullerene Derivatives. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:10268-10280. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthi Bagaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Habtom B. Gobeze
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union
Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Georgios Charalambidis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Asterios Charisiadis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Christina Stangel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Contantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Vasilis Nikolaou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Anastasios Stergiou
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Contantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Nikos Tagmatarchis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Contantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Francis D’Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union
Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Athanassios G. Coutsolelos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
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Amati A, Cavigli P, Kahnt A, Indelli MT, Iengo E. Self-Assembled Ruthenium(II)Porphyrin-Aluminium(III)Porphyrin-Fullerene Triad for Long-Lived Photoinduced Charge Separation. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:4242-4252. [PMID: 28498660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b02973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A very efficient metal-mediated strategy led, in a single step, to a quantitative construction of a new three-component multichromophoric system containing one fullerene monoadduct, one aluminium(III) monopyridylporphyrin, and one ruthenium(II) tetraphenylporphyrin. The Al(III) monopyridylporphyrin component plays the pivotal role in directing the correct self-assembly process and behaves as the antenna unit for the photoinduced processes of interest. A detailed study of the photophysical behavior of the triad was carried out in different solvents (CH2Cl2, THF, and toluene) by stationary and time-resolved emission and absorption spectroscopy in the pico- and nanosecond time domains. Following excitation of the Al-porphyrin, the strong fluorescence typical of this unit was strongly quenched. The time-resolved absorption experiments provided evidence for the occurrence of stepwise photoinduced electron and hole transfer processes, leading to a charge-separated state with reduced fullerene acceptor and oxidized ruthenium porphyrin donor. The time constant values measured in CH2Cl2 for the formation of charge-separated state Ru-Al+-C60- (10 ps), the charge shift process (Ru-Al+-C60- → Ru+-Al-C60-), where a hole is transferred from Al-based to Ru-based unit (75 ps), and the charge recombination process to ground state (>5 ns), can be rationalized within the Marcus theory. Although the charge-separating performance of this triad is not outstanding, this study demonstrates that, using the self-assembling strategy, improvements can be obtained by appropriate chemical modifications of the individual molecular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Amati
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Cavigli
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Axel Kahnt
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maria Teresa Indelli
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.,Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare, sezione di Ferrara , via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Iengo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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Oliveras-González C, Di Meo F, González-Campo A, Beljonne D, Norman P, Simón-Sorbed M, Linares M, Amabilino DB. Bottom-Up Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Chiral Porphyrins through Coordination and Hydrogen Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15795-808. [PMID: 26595320 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of chiral synthetic compounds is reported that shows intricate but specific hierarchical assembly because of varying positions of coordination and hydrogen bonds. The evolution of the aggregates (followed by absorption spectroscopy and temperature-dependent circular dichroism studies in solution) reveal the influence of the proportion of stereogenic centers in the side groups connected to the chromophore ring in their optical activity and the important role of pyridyl groups in the self-assembly of these chiral macrocycles. The optical activity spans 2 orders of magnitude depending on composition and constitution. Two of the aggregates show very high optical activity even though the isolated chromophores barely give a circular dichroism signal. Molecular modeling of the aggregates, starting from the pyridine-zinc(II) porphyrin interaction and working up, and calculation of the circular dichroism signal confirm the origin of this optical activity as the chiral supramolecular organization of the molecules. The aggregates show a broad absorption range, between approximately 390 and 475 nm for the transitions associated with the Soret region alone, that spans wavelengths far more than the isolated chromophore. The supramolecular assemblies of the metalloporphyrins in solution were deposited onto highly oriented pyrolitic graphite in order to study their hierarchy in assembly by atomic force microscopy. Zero and one-dimensional aggregates were observed, and a clear dependence on deposition temperature was shown, indicating that the hierarchical assembly took place largely in solution. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy images of porphyrins and metalloporphyrins precipitated under out-of-equilibrium conditions showed the dependence of the number and position of chiral amide groups in the formation of a fibrillar nanomaterial. The combination of coordination and hydrogen bonding in the complicated assembly of these molecules-where there is a clear hierarchy for zinc(II)-pyridyl interaction followed by hydrogen-bonding between amide groups, and then van der Waals interactions-paves the way for the preparation of molecular materials with multiple chromophore environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Oliveras-González
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari de Bellaterra , 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Florent Di Meo
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University , SE-58 583 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Arántzazu González-Campo
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari de Bellaterra , 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory of Chemistry for Novel Materials, Mons University , Place du Parc, Mons B-9000, Belgium
| | - Patrick Norman
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University , SE-58 583 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maite Simón-Sorbed
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari de Bellaterra , 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mathieu Linares
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University , SE-58 583 Linköping, Sweden
| | - David B Amabilino
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari de Bellaterra , 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain.,School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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Poddutoori PK, Bregles LP, Lim GN, Boland P, Kerr RG, D’Souza F. Modulation of Energy Transfer into Sequential Electron Transfer upon Axial Coordination of Tetrathiafulvalene in an Aluminum(III) Porphyrin–Free-Base Porphyrin Dyad. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:8482-94. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth K. Poddutoori
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University
Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Lucas P. Bregles
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University
Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Gary N. Lim
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Patricia Boland
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University
Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Russ G. Kerr
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University
Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Francis D’Souza
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
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Poddutoori PK, Lim GN, Vassiliev S, D'Souza F. Ultrafast charge separation and charge stabilization in axially linked ‘tetrathiafulvalene–aluminum(iii) porphyrin–gold(iii) porphyrin’ reaction center mimics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:26346-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04818d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sequential electron transfer leading to charge stabilization in newly synthesized vertically aligned ‘tetrathiafulvalene–aluminum(iii) porphyrin–gold(iii) porphyrin’ supramolecular triads is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gary N. Lim
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Texas
- Denton
- USA
| | - Serguei Vassiliev
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Brock University
- St. Catharines
- Canada
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