1
|
Jobbins W, Cullen RT, Stott T, van IJzendoorn B, Réant BLL, Johnstone TC, Mehta M. Reactivity of Tetrel-Functionalized Heptaphosphane Clusters toward Azides. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:13807-13814. [PMID: 39012030 PMCID: PMC11289750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
In this work, the reactivity of tetrel-functionalized phosphorus clusters toward organoazides is probed. Clusters (Me3Si)3P7 (1) and (Me3Ge)3P7 (2) were reacted with benzyl azide, phenyl azide, and 4-bromophenyl azide, and it was found that the [RN] (R = benzyl, phenyl, and 4-bromophenyl) unit from the azide inserted into the phosphorus-tetrel bonds on the cluster, accompanied by N2 elimination. Through control of the azide stoichiometry, the mono-, bis-, and tris-inserted products could be observed, consistent with these insertions proceeding in a stepwise manner. The bonding between the amine moieties and clusters was further investigated by computational chemistry, and the findings were consistent with the phosphorus cluster having undergone a formal oxidation. These insertion reactions are a convenient means of accessing Zintl clusters functionalized with exo-nitrogen-bonded moieties, which, to the best of our knowledge, were previously unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William
D. Jobbins
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Rory T. Cullen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Thomas Stott
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Bono van IJzendoorn
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Benjamin L. L. Réant
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Timothy C. Johnstone
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Meera Mehta
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Réant BLL, Whitehead GFS, Mehta M. Zintl Clusters as a Platform for Lewis Acid Catalysis. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 38814137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Clusters of the main group elements phosphorus and arsenic, commonly categorized as Zintl clusters, have been known for over a century. And, only now is the application of these systems as catalysts for organic synthesis being investigated. In this work, boranes are tethered via an aliphatic linker to Zintl-based clusters and their Lewis acidity is examined experimentally, by the Gutmann-Beckett test and competency in the hydroborative reduction of six organic substrates, as well as computationally, by fluoride ion affinity and hydride ion affinity methods. The effects of tuning the aliphatic linker length, substituents at the boron, and changing the cluster from a seven-atom phosphorus system to a seven-atom arsenic system on reactivity are studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L L Réant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - George F S Whitehead
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Meera Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jobbins WD, van IJzendoorn B, Vitorica-Yrezabal IJ, Whitehead GFS, Mehta M. Reactivity of tetrel functionalized heptapnictogen clusters towards heteroallenes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:2384-2391. [PMID: 36723201 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt04074c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite being known for decades, the solution-state molecular chemistry of heptapnictogen ([Pn7]3-; Pn = P, As) clusters is not well established. Here we study heavy element derivatives of tetrel functionalized heptapnictogen clusters towards heteroallene capture, specifically isocyanates, an isothiocyanate and CO2 are probed. Clusters (Me3Ge)3P7 (1), (Et3Ge)3P7 (2), (nBu3Sn)3P7 (3), and (Me3Si)3As7 (4) were all found to capture isocyanates between all three of their tetrel-pnictogen bonds. In the case of phenyl isocyanate insertion, tetrel coordination at the isocyanate nitrogen atoms is preferred, while in the case of p-toluenesulfonyl isocyanate insertion, tetrel coordination at oxygen is preferred. Furthermore, the reaction of (Me3Si)3P7 with CO2 gave NMR spectra consistent with the capture of the greenhouse gas. Heteroallene insertion at these clusters was also studied using density functional theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William D Jobbins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Bono van IJzendoorn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | | | - George F S Whitehead
- X-ray Diffraction Facility, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Meera Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
van IJzendoorn B, Albawardi SF, Vitorica-Yrezabal IJ, Whitehead GFS, McGrady JE, Mehta M. A Zintl Cluster for Transition Metal-Free Catalysis: C═O Bond Reductions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21213-21223. [PMID: 36351036 PMCID: PMC9706568 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The first fully characterized boron-functionalized heptaphosphide Zintl cluster, [(BBN)P7]2- ([1]2-), is synthesized by dehydrocoupling [HP7]2-. Dehydrocoupling is a previously unprecedented reaction pathway to functionalize Zintl clusters. [Na(18-c-6)]2[1] was employed as a transition metal-free catalyst for the hydroboration of aldehydes and ketones. Moreover, the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) was efficiently and selectively reduced to methoxyborane. This work represents the first examples of Zintl catalysis where the transformation is transition metal-free and where the cluster is noninnocent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bono van IJzendoorn
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Saad F. Albawardi
- Inorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, U.K.
| | | | - George F. S. Whitehead
- X-ray
Diffraction Facility, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - John E. McGrady
- Inorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, U.K.
| | - Meera Mehta
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
van IJzendoorn B, Vitorica‐Yrezabal IJ, Whitehead GFS, Mehta M. Heteroallene Capture and Exchange at Functionalised Heptaphosphane Clusters. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103737. [PMID: 34851528 PMCID: PMC9300033 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Despite being known for decades the chemical reactivity of homoatomic seven-atom phosphorus clusters towards small molecules remains largely unexplored. Here, we report that neutral tris(silyl) functionalised heptaphosphane (P7 (SiR3 )3 ) cages are capable of heteroallene capture between the P-Si bonds of the cluster. A range of isocyanates and an isothiocyanate were investigated. In the case of isocyanates, silyl bonding at oxygen or nitrogen is regioselectively directed by the functional group on the isocyanate and substituents on the silyl moiety. Above all, we find that captured isothiocyanate molecules can be exchanged for isocyanate molecules, indicative of small molecule catch and release. Small molecule catch and release at these Zintl-derived clusters reveals their potential application as chemical storage materials or as reusable probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bono van IJzendoorn
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUnited Kingdom
| | | | - George F. S. Whitehead
- X-ray Diffraction FacilityUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUnited Kingdom
| | - Meera Mehta
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alkali metal polyphosphides as intermediates in the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds from elemental phosphorus. Russ Chem Bull 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
7
|
van IJzendoorn B, Mehta M. Frontiers in the solution-phase chemistry of homoatomic group 15 Zintl clusters. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14758-14765. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02890h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in the solution-phase chemistry of polypnictogen Zintl cluster are discussed, including the preparation of new clusters, wet synthetic methods, and their subsequent small molecule activations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Meera Mehta
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tay WS, Lu Y, Yang XY, Li Y, Pullarkat SA, Leung PH. Catalytic and Mechanistic Developments of the Nickel(II) Pincer Complex-Catalyzed Hydroarsination Reaction. Chemistry 2019; 25:11308-11317. [PMID: 31293004 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic challenges have significantly slowed the development of the catalytic asymmetric hydroarsination reaction despite it being a highly attractive C-As bond formation methodology. In addition, there is a poor understanding of the main reaction steps in such reactions which limit further development in the field. Herein, key intermediates of the hydroarsination reaction catalyzed by a PCP NiII -Cl pincer complex are presented upon investigating the reaction with DFT calculations, conductivity measurements, NMR spectroscopy, and catalytic screening. The novel Ni-Cl-As interaction proposed was then contrasted against known NiII -catalyzed hydrophosphination reactions to highlight dissimilarities between them even though P and As share a close group relationship. Lastly, the asymmetric hydroarsination of nitroolefins was further developed to furnish a library of chiral organoarsines in up to 99 % yield and 80 % ee under mild conditions (-20 °C to RT) between 5 to 210 mins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wee Shan Tay
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yunpeng Lu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiang-Yuan Yang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sumod A Pullarkat
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pak-Hing Leung
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Goicoechea JM. Homoatomic Polyanions of the Early p-Block Elements. STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2015_5003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
|
11
|
Quintero GE, Paterson-Taylor I, Rees NH, Goicoechea JM. Heptaphosphide cluster anions bearing group 14 element amide functionalities. Dalton Trans 2016. [PMID: 26206136 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02380g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of the protonated heptaphosphide dianion, [HP7](2-), with one equivalent of E[N(SiMe3)2]2 (E = Ge, Sn, Pb) give rise to novel derivatized cluster anions [P7EN(SiMe3)2](2-) (E = Ge (1), Sn (2) and Pb (3)). All three species were characterized by multi-element solution-phase NMR spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. In addition, 1 and 2 were structurally authenticated by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction in [K(18-crown-6)]2[P7EN(SiMe3)2]·2py. Interestingly, while 2 appears to be indefinitely stable in solution for prolonged periods of time, the germanium-containing analogue, 1, readily decomposes at room temperature giving rise to the dimeric species [(P7Ge)2N(SiMe3)2](3-) (4) and [K(18-crown-6)][N(SiMe3)2]. A low quality single crystal X-ray structure of the former allowed for the confirmation of its composition and connectivity which is consistent with the (31)P NMR spectrum obtained for the anion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Espinoza Quintero
- Department of Chemistry and University of Oxford and Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Peddarao T, Baishya A, Barman MK, Kumar A, Nembenna S. Metal-free access of bulky N,N′-diarylcarbodiimides and their reduction: bulky N,N′-diarylformamidines. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj00907g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile synthetic protocol for the preparation of N,N′-diarylcarbodiimides and their reduction with sodium borohydride in ethanol to obtain N,N′-diarylformamidines has been demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thota Peddarao
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- Bhubaneswar
- India
| | - Ashim Baishya
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- Bhubaneswar
- India
| | - Milan Kr. Barman
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- Bhubaneswar
- India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- Bhubaneswar
- India
| | - Sharanappa Nembenna
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- Bhubaneswar
- India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Grassl T, Friedrich U, Kaas M, Korber N. Reactions of Polyarsenides with Acetylene: Synthesis and Characterization of [Cs([18]crown-6)]2As7C14H11·6NH3and As2C6H6. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201500112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
14
|
Turbervill RSP, Goicoechea JM. From clusters to unorthodox pnictogen sources: solution-phase reactivity of [E7](3-) (E = P-Sb) anions. Chem Rev 2014; 114:10807-28. [PMID: 25333632 DOI: 10.1021/cr500387w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert S P Turbervill
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|