1
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Kehner R, Zhang G, Bayeh-Romero L. Mild Divergent Semireductive Transformations of Secondary and Tertiary Amides via Zirconocene Hydride Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4921-4927. [PMID: 36809854 PMCID: PMC10000628 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The mild catalytic partial reduction of amides to imines has proven to be a challenging synthetic transformation, with many transition metals directly reducing these substrates to amines. Herein, we report a mild, catalytic method for the semireduction of both secondary and tertiary amides via zirconocene hydride catalysis. Utilizing just 5 mol % of Cp2ZrCl2, the reductive deoxygenation of secondary amides is demonstrated to furnish a diverse array of imines in up to 94% yield with excellent chemoselectivity and without the need for glovebox handling. Moreover, a novel reductive transamination of tertiary amides is also achievable when the catalytic protocol is carried out in the presence of a primary amine at room temperature, providing access to an expanded assortment of imines in up to 98% yield. Through slight procedural tuning, the single-flask conversion of amides to imines, aldehydes, amines or enamines is feasible, including multicomponent syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca
A. Kehner
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
| | - Liela Bayeh-Romero
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
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2
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Chen L, Huo Y, Tai M, Wang X, Gui X, Tu Y, Lin S, Hu J. Imidazolinium‐functionalized Complexes of Cobalt and Iron as Catalysts for Hydrosilylation Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | | | - Mingyang Tai
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Gui
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Tu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics Guangzhou 510650 P.R. China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals Guangzhou 510650 P.R. China
- CASH GCC Shaoguan Research Institute of Advanced Materials Nanxiong 512400 P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Shudong Lin
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics Guangzhou 510650 P.R. China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals Guangzhou 510650 P.R. China
- CASH GCC Shaoguan Research Institute of Advanced Materials Nanxiong 512400 P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Jiwen Hu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics Guangzhou 510650 P.R. China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals Guangzhou 510650 P.R. China
- CASH GCC Shaoguan Research Institute of Advanced Materials Nanxiong 512400 P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P.R. China
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3
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Liu Y, Xia Y, Cui S, Ji Y, Wu L. Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Hydrosilylation and Amino‐Methylation of Isatin Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Yun‐Tao Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Su‐Hang Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Yi‐Gang Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Molecules, Department of Life Sciences and ChemistryJiangsu Second Normal University Nanjing 210013 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 People's Republic of China
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4
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Hale DJ, Murphy LJ, McDonald R, Ferguson MJ, Turculet L. Hydrosilylative Reduction of Tertiary Amides to Amines Catalyzed by
N
‐(Phosphinoaryl)anilido Complexes of Iron and Cobalt. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J. Hale
- Department of ChemistryDalhousie University 6274 Coburg Rd., Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Luke J. Murphy
- Department of ChemistryDalhousie University 6274 Coburg Rd., Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Robert McDonald
- X-Ray Crystallography Laboratory, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- X-Ray Crystallography Laboratory, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Laura Turculet
- Department of ChemistryDalhousie University 6274 Coburg Rd., Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
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5
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Abstract
The development of efficient methodologies for production of amines attracts significant attention from synthetic chemists, because amines serve as essential building blocks in the synthesis of many pharmaceuticals, natural products, and agrochemicals. In this regard, deoxygenative reduction of amides to amines by means of transition-metal-catalyzed hydrogenation, hydrosilylation, and hydroboration reactions represents an attractive alternative to conventional wasteful techniques based on stoichiometric reductions of the corresponding amides and imines, and reductive amination of aldehydes with metal hydride reagents. The relatively low electrophilicity of the amide carbonyl group makes this transformation more challenging compared to reduction of other carbonyl compounds, and the majority of the reported catalytic systems employ precious metals such as platinum, rhodium, iridium, and ruthenium. Despite the application of more abundant and environmentally benign base metal (Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) complexes for deoxygenative reduction of amides have been developed to a lesser extent, such catalytic systems are of great importance. This review is focused on the current achievements in the base-metal-catalyzed deoxygenative hydrogenation, hydrosilylation, and hydroboration of amides to amines. Special attention is paid to the design of base metal catalysts and the mechanisms of such catalytic transformations.
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6
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Guzmán J, Bernal AM, García-Orduña P, Lahoz FJ, Oro LA, Fernández-Alvarez FJ. Selective reduction of formamides to O-silylated hemiaminals or methylamines with HSiMe 2Ph catalyzed by iridium complexes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:4255-4262. [PMID: 30847452 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt05070h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of (4-methyl-pyridin-2-iloxy)ditertbutylsilane (NSitBu-H, 1) with [IrCl(coe)2]2 affords the iridium(iii) complex [Ir(H)(Cl)(κ2-NSitBu)(coe)] (2), which has been fully characterized including X-ray diffraction studies. The reaction of 2 with AgCF3SO3 leads to the formation of species [Ir(H)(CF3SO3)(κ2-NSitBu)(coe)] (3). The iridium complexes 2 and 3 are effective catalysts for the reduction of formamides with HSiMe2Ph. The selectivity of the reduction process depends on the catalyst. Thus, by using complex 2, with a chloride ancillary ligand, it has been possible to selectively obtain the corresponding O-silylated hemiaminal by reaction of formamides with one equivalent of HSiMe2Ph, while complex 3, with a triflate ligand instead of chloride, catalyzed the selective reduction of formamides to the corresponding methylamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Guzmán
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH). Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
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7
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Pan Y, Luo Z, Han J, Xu X, Chen C, Zhao H, Xu L, Fan Q, Xiao J. B(C
6
F
5
)
3
‐Catalyzed Deoxygenative Reduction of Amides to Amines with Ammonia Borane. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Pan
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of China Beijing 100872 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenli Luo
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of China Beijing 100872 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahong Han
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of China Beijing 100872 People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of China Beijing 100872 People's Republic of China
| | - Changjun Chen
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of China Beijing 100872 People's Republic of China
| | - Haoqiang Zhao
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of China Beijing 100872 People's Republic of China
| | - Lijin Xu
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of China Beijing 100872 People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Fan
- Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianliang Xiao
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD United Kingdom
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8
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Zheng, T, Wang, Y, Yang, Z, Sun, H, Li, X. Catalytic Effect of Iron Hydrides on Dehydration of Primary Amides to Nitriles. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc201903075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Kadyrov R. Reduction of Amides to Amines under Mild Conditions via Catalytic Hydrogenation of Amide Acetals and Imidates. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renat Kadyrov
- Evonik Resource Efficiency GmbH Rodenbacher Chaussee 4 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang Germany
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10
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Diisobutylaluminum borohydride: An efficient reagent for the reduction of tertiary amides to the corresponding amines under ambient conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Ogiwara Y, Shimoda W, Ide K, Nakajima T, Sakai N. Carboxamides as N
-Alkylating Reagents of Secondary Amines in Indium-Catalyzed Reductive Amination with a Hydrosilane. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ogiwara
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI); 278-8510 Noda, Chiba Japan
| | - Wataru Shimoda
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI); 278-8510 Noda, Chiba Japan
| | - Keisuke Ide
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI); 278-8510 Noda, Chiba Japan
| | - Takumi Nakajima
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI); 278-8510 Noda, Chiba Japan
| | - Norio Sakai
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI); 278-8510 Noda, Chiba Japan
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12
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Xue B, Sun H, Wang Y, Zheng T, Li X, Fuhr O, Fenske D. Efficient reductive dehydration of primary amides to nitriles catalyzed by hydrido thiophenolato iron(II) complexes under hydrosilation conditions. CATAL COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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13
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Mukherjee D, Shirase S, Mashima K, Okuda J. Triphenylboran-katalysierte chemoselektive Reduktion von tertiären Amiden zu Aminen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Mukherjee
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Satoru Shirase
- Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Deutschland
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14
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Mukherjee D, Shirase S, Mashima K, Okuda J. Chemoselective Reduction of Tertiary Amides to Amines Catalyzed by Triphenylborane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:13326-13329. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Mukherjee
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Satoru Shirase
- Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
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15
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Das S, Li Y, Lu LQ, Junge K, Beller M. A General and Selective Rhodium-Catalyzed Reduction of Amides,N-Acyl Amino Esters, and Dipeptides Using Phenylsilane. Chemistry 2016; 22:7050-3. [PMID: 26991132 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoubhik Das
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der; Universität Rostock; Albert Einstein Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Yuehui Li
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der; Universität Rostock; Albert Einstein Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Liang-Qiu Lu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der; Universität Rostock; Albert Einstein Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Kathrin Junge
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der; Universität Rostock; Albert Einstein Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der; Universität Rostock; Albert Einstein Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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16
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Nguyen TVQ, Yoo W, Kobayashi S. Chelating Bis(1,2,3‐triazol‐5‐ylidene) Rhodium Complexes: Versatile Catalysts for Hydrosilylation Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh V. Q. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Woo‐Jin Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Shū Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Japan
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17
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Li B, Sortais JB, Darcel C. Amine synthesis via transition metal homogeneous catalysed hydrosilylation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10494k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the preparation of amines involving homogeneous transition metal catalysed hydrosilylation including reductions of imines, amides, nitro and nitriles, reductive aminations and N-methylation of amines with CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1 “Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes”
- Team “Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis”
- “Centre for Catalysis and Green Chemistry”
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
- France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Sortais
- UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1 “Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes”
- Team “Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis”
- “Centre for Catalysis and Green Chemistry”
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
- France
| | - Christophe Darcel
- UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1 “Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes”
- Team “Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis”
- “Centre for Catalysis and Green Chemistry”
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
- France
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18
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Sakai N, Takeoka M, Kumaki T, Asano H, Konakahara T, Ogiwara Y. Indium-catalyzed reduction of secondary amides with a hydrosiloxane leading to secondary amines. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.09.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Li Y, Sorribes I, Vicent C, Junge K, Beller M. Convenient Reductive Methylation of Amines with Carbonates at Room Temperature. Chemistry 2015; 21:16759-63. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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20
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Kovalenko OO, Volkov A, Adolfsson H. Mild and selective Et2Zn-catalyzed reduction of tertiary amides under hydrosilylation conditions. Org Lett 2015; 17:446-9. [PMID: 25587664 DOI: 10.1021/ol503430t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diethylzinc (Et2Zn) can be used as an efficient and chemoselective catalyst for the reduction of tertiary amides under mild reaction conditions employing cost-effective polymeric silane (PMHS) as the hydride source. Crucial for the catalytic activity was the addition of a substoichiometric amount of lithium chloride to the reaction mixture. A series of amides containing different additional functional groups were reduced to their corresponding amines, and the products were isolated in good-to-excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr O Kovalenko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory Stockholm University , SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Volkov A, Tinnis F, Slagbrand T, Pershagen I, Adolfsson H. Mo(CO)6catalysed chemoselective hydrosilylation of α,β-unsaturated amides for the formation of allylamines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:14508-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc07150f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Sorribes I, Junge K, Beller M. Direct catalytic N-alkylation of amines with carboxylic acids. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14314-9. [PMID: 25230096 DOI: 10.1021/ja5093612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward process for the N-alkylation of amines has been developed applying readily available carboxylic acids and silanes as the hydride source. Complementary to known reductive aminations, effective C-N bond construction proceeds under mild conditions and allows obtaining a broad range of alkylated secondary and tertiary amines, including fluoroalkyl-substituted anilines as well as the bioactive compound Cinacalcet HCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Sorribes
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, University of Rostock , Albert Einstein Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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23
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Martinez JL, Sharma HK, Arias-Ugarte R, Pannell KH. Platinum-Catalyzed Reduction of DMF by 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane, HMeSi 2OSiMe 2H: New Intermediates HSiMe 2OSiMe 2OCH 2NMe 2 and HSiMe 2(OSiMe 2) 3OCH 2NMe 2 and Their Further Chemical Reactivity. Organometallics 2014; 33:2964-2967. [PMID: 25013245 PMCID: PMC4075991 DOI: 10.1021/om500439p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
use of Karstedt’s catalyst to study the reduction of Me2NCHO (DMF) by the popular “dual SiH”-containing
tetramethyldisiloxane, HMe2SiOSiMe2H (1), has revealed that the first step in the process involves
an initial single hydrosilylation to form HSiMe2OSiMe2OCH2NMe2 (3). This intermediate
is readily isolated and purified via distillation. In the continued
presence of the catalyst, 3 transforms to the transient
tetrasiloxane HMe2SiOSiMe2OSiMe2OSiMe2OCH2NMe2 (4), along with
the formation of Me3N. The tetrasiloxane 4 itself transforms to Me3N and (Me2SiO)n (n = 4–6). Despite
the demonstrated reactivity of 3, it can also be used
to perform the expected metal-catalyzed hydrosilylation chemistry
of the SiH group as well as reactions of the SiOCH2NMe2 functionality involving siloxane chain extension and is thus
an important new reagent for siloxane chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso , El Paso, Texas 79968-0513, United States
| | - Hemant K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso , El Paso, Texas 79968-0513, United States
| | - Renzo Arias-Ugarte
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso , El Paso, Texas 79968-0513, United States
| | - Keith H Pannell
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso , El Paso, Texas 79968-0513, United States
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