1
|
Gattu R, Ramesh SS, Nadigar S, D CG, Ramesh S. Conjugation as a Tool in Therapeutics: Role of Amino Acids/Peptides-Bioactive (Including Heterocycles) Hybrid Molecules in Treating Infectious Diseases. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030532. [PMID: 36978399 PMCID: PMC10044335 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based drugs are gaining significant momentum in the modern drug discovery, which is witnessed by the approval of new drugs by the FDA in recent years. On the other hand, small molecules-based drugs are an integral part of drug development since the past several decades. Peptide-containing drugs are placed between small molecules and the biologics. Both the peptides as well as the small molecules (mainly heterocycles) pose several drawbacks as therapeutics despite their success in curing many diseases. This gap may be bridged by utilising the so called 'conjugation chemistry', in which both the partners are linked to one another through a stable chemical bond, and the resulting conjugates are found to possess attracting benefits, thus eliminating the stigma associated with the individual partners. Over the past decades, the field of molecular hybridisation has emerged to afford us new and efficient molecular architectures that have shown high promise in medicinal chemistry. Taking advantage of this and also considering our experience in this field, we present herein a review concerning the molecules obtained by the conjugation of peptides (amino acids) to small molecules (heterocycles as well as bioactive compounds). More than 125 examples of the conjugates citing nearly 100 references published during the period 2000 to 2022 having therapeutic applications in curing infectious diseases have been covered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohith Gattu
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, JSS College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Ooty Road, Mysuru 570025, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjay S Ramesh
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, JSS College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Ooty Road, Mysuru 570025, Karnataka, India
| | - Siddaram Nadigar
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, JSS College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Ooty Road, Mysuru 570025, Karnataka, India
| | - Channe Gowda D
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysuru 570005, Karnataka, India
| | - Suhas Ramesh
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, JSS College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Ooty Road, Mysuru 570025, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Goetzfried SK, Kapitza P, Gallati CM, Nindl A, Cziferszky M, Hermann M, Wurst K, Kircher B, Gust R. Investigations of the reactivity, stability and biological activity of halido (NHC)gold(I) complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:1395-1406. [PMID: 34989741 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03528b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The significance of the halido ligand (Cl-, Br-, I-) in halido[3-ethyl-4-phenyl-5-(2-methoxypyridin-5-yl)-1-propyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I) complexes (2-4) in terms of ligand exchange reactions, including the ligand scrambling to the bis[3-ethyl-4-phenyl-5-(2-methoxypyridin-5-yl)-1-propyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I) complex (5), was evaluated by HPLC in acetonitrile/water = 50:50 (v/v) mixtures. In the presence of 0.9% NaCl, the bromido (NHC)gold(I) complex 3 was immediately transformed into the chlorido (NHC)gold(I) complex 2. The iodido (NHC)gold(I) complex 4 converted under the same conditions during 0.5 h of incubation by 52.83% to 2 and by 8.77% to 5. This proportion remained nearly constant for 72 h. The halido (NHC)gold(I) complexes also reacted very rapidly with 1 eq. of model nucleophiles, e.g., iodide or selenocysteine (Sec). For instance, Sec transformed 3 in the proportion 73.03% to the (NHC)Au(I)Sec complex during 5 min of incubation. This high reactivity against this amino acid, present in the active site of the thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), correlates with the complete inhibition of the isolated TrxR enzyme at 1 μM. Interestingly, in cellular systems (A2780cis cells), even at a 5-fold higher concentration, no increased ROS levels were detected. The concentration required for ROS generation was about 20 μM. Superficially considered, the antiproliferative and antimetabolic activities of the halido (NHC)Au(I) complexes correlate with the reactivity of the Au(I)-X bond (2 < 3 < 4). However, it is very likely that degradation products formed during the incubation in cell culture medium participated in the biological activity. In particular, the high-cytotoxic [(NHC)2Au(I)]+ complex (5) distorts the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Katharina Goetzfried
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Kapitza
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Caroline Marie Gallati
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Nindl
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innrain 66, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Monika Cziferszky
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Hermann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute for General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Brigitte Kircher
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innrain 66, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ronald Gust
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Luengo A, Marzo I, Reback M, Daubit IM, Fernández‐Moreira V, Metzler‐Nolte N, Gimeno MC. Luminescent Bimetallic Ir III /Au I Peptide Bioconjugates as Potential Theranostic Agents. Chemistry 2020; 26:12158-12167. [PMID: 32542887 PMCID: PMC7540463 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Diverse iridium peptide bioconjugates and the corresponding iridium/gold bimetallic complexes have been synthesized starting from a cyclometallated carboxylic acid substituted IrIII complex [Ir(ppy)2 (Phen-5-COO)] by solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). The selected peptide sequences were an enkephalin derivative Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu together with the propargyl-substituted species Tyr-Gly-Pgl-Phe-Leu to allow gold coordination (Pgl: propyrgyl-glycine, HC≡C-Gly), and a specific short peptide, Ala-Cys-Ala-Phen, containing a cysteine residue. Introduction of the gold center has been achieved via a click reaction with the alkynyl group leading to an organometallic Au-C(triazole) species, or by direct coordination to the sulfur atom of the cysteine. The photophysical properties of these species revealed predominantly an emission originating from the Ir complex, using mixed metal-to-ligand and ligand-to-ligand charge transfer excited states of triplet multiplicity. The formation of the peptide bioconjugates caused a systematic redshift of the emission profiles. Lysosomal accumulation was observed for all the complexes, in contrast to the expected mitochondrial accumulation triggered by the gold complexes. Only the cysteine-containing Ir/Au bioconjugate displayed cytotoxic activity. The absence of activity may be related to the lack of endosomal/lysosomal escape for the cationic peptide conjugates. Interestingly, the different coordination sphere of the gold atom may play a crucial role, as the Au-S(cysteine) bond may be more readily cleaved in a biological environment than the Au-C(triazole) bond, and thus the Au fragment could be released from or trapped in the lysosomes, respectively. This work represents a starting point in the development of bimetallic peptide bioconjugates as theranostics and in the knowledge of factors that contribute to anti-proliferative activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Luengo
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaInstituto de Síntesis QuímicayCatálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza50009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Isabel Marzo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología CelularUniversidad de Zaragoza-CSIC50009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Matthew Reback
- Inorganic Chemistry I—Bioinorganic ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Isabelle M. Daubit
- Inorganic Chemistry I—Bioinorganic ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Vanesa Fernández‐Moreira
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaInstituto de Síntesis QuímicayCatálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza50009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Nils Metzler‐Nolte
- Inorganic Chemistry I—Bioinorganic ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044801BochumGermany
| | - M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaInstituto de Síntesis QuímicayCatálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza50009ZaragozaSpain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jakob CHG, Dominelli B, Hahn EM, Berghausen TO, Pinheiro T, Marques F, Reich RM, Correia JDG, Kühn FE. Antiproliferative Activity of Functionalized Histidine-derived Au(I) bis-NHC Complexes for Bioconjugation. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2754-2762. [PMID: 32592289 PMCID: PMC7689731 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of histidine derived Au(I) bis-NHC complexes bearing different ester, amide and carboxylic acid functionalities as well as wingtip substituents is synthesized and characterized. The stability in aqueous media, in vitro cytotoxicity in a set of cancer cell lines (MCF7, PC3 and A2780/A2780cisR) along with the cellular uptake are evaluated. Stability tests suggest hydrolysis of the ester within 8 h, which might lead to deactivation. Furthermore, the bis-NHC system shows a sufficient stability against cysteine and the thiol containing peptide GSH. The benzyl ester and amide show the highest activity comparable to the benchmark compound cisplatin, with the ester only displaying a slightly lower cytotoxicity than the amide. A cellular uptake study revealed that the benzyl ester and the amide could have different intracellular distribution profiles but both complexes induce perturbations of the cellular physiological processes. The simple modifiability and high stability of the complexes provides a promising system for upcoming post modifications to enable targeted cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian H. G. Jakob
- Molecular CatalysisCatalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry Department Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 4D-85748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Bruno Dominelli
- Molecular CatalysisCatalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry Department Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 4D-85748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Eva M. Hahn
- Molecular CatalysisCatalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry Department Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 4D-85748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Tobias O. Berghausen
- Molecular CatalysisCatalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry Department Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 4D-85748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Teresa Pinheiro
- Institute for Bioengineering and BiosciencesDepartamento de Engenharia e Ciências NuclearesInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaAv. Rovisco Pais 11049-001LisboaPortugal
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias NuclearesDepartamento de Engenharia e Ciências NuclearesInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaCTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7)2695-066Bobadela LRSPortugal
| | - Robert M. Reich
- Molecular CatalysisCatalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry Department Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 4D-85748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - João D. G. Correia
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias NuclearesDepartamento de Engenharia e Ciências NuclearesInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaCTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7)2695-066Bobadela LRSPortugal
| | - Fritz E. Kühn
- Molecular CatalysisCatalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry Department Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 4D-85748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Luengo A, Redrado M, Marzo I, Fernández-Moreira V, Gimeno MC. Luminescent Re(I)/Au(I) Species As Selective Anticancer Agents for HeLa Cells. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:8960-8970. [PMID: 32420746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A series of neutral and cationic heterotrimetallic complexes of the type fac-[Re(CO)3(bipy(CC)2-(AuL)2)X]n, where bipy(CC)2 is 4,4'-alkynyl-2,2'-bipyridine; L is either triphenylphosphine (PPh3), [1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-imidazol-2-ylidene] (IPr), or tert-butyl isocyanide (CNtBu); and X is a chloride (n = 0) or acetonitrile (n = 1), were synthesized and characterized together with their Re(I) precursors, i.e., fac-[Re(CO)3(bipy(CC)2)X]n. X-ray diffraction of complexes 1, 3, and 6 corroborated the expected octahedral and linear distribution of the ligands along the Re(I) and Au(I) centers, respectively. Luminescent studies showed that all the complexes displayed a broad emission band centered between 565 and 680 nm, corresponding to a 3MLCT from the Re(I) to the diimine derivative. The presence of the gold fragment coordinated to the diimine ligand shifted in all cases the emission maxima toward higher energies. Such an emission difference could be potentially used for assessing the precise moment of interaction of the probe with the biological target if the gold fragment is implicated. Antiproliferative studies in cancer cells, A549 (lung cancer) and HeLa (cervix cancer), showed a generalized selectivity toward HeLa cells for those heterotrimetallic species incubated at longer times (72 vs 24 h). ICP-MS spectrometry revealed the greater cell internalization of cationic vs neutral species. Preliminary fluorescence microscopy experiments showed a different behavior of the complexes in HeLa and A549 cell lines. Whereas the complexes in A549 were randomly distributed in the outside of the cell, those incubated with HeLa cells were located close to the cellular membrane, suggesting some type of interaction, and possibly explaining their cellular selectivity when it comes to the antiproliferative activity displayed in the different cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Luengo
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Instituto de Sı́ntesis Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Redrado
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Instituto de Sı́ntesis Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isabel Marzo
- Departamento de Bioquı́mica y Biologı́a Molecular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vanesa Fernández-Moreira
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Instituto de Sı́ntesis Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Instituto de Sı́ntesis Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Meier-Menches SM, Casini A. Design Strategies and Medicinal Applications of Metal-Peptidic Bioconjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1279-1288. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M. Meier-Menches
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Angela Casini
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Amino Acids and Peptides as Versatile Ligands in the Synthesis of Antiproliferative Gold Complexes. CHEMISTRY-SWITZERLAND 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry2020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gold complexes have been traditionally employed in medicine, and currently, some gold(I) complexes, such as auranofin, are clinically used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In the last decades, both gold(I) and gold(III) complexes with different types of ligands have gained considerable attention as potential antitumor agents, showing superior activity both in vitro and in vivo to some of the clinically used agents. The present review article summarizes the results achieved in the field of synthesis and evaluation of gold complexes with amino acids and peptides moieties for their cytotoxicity. The first section provides an overview of the gold(I) complexes with amino acids and peptides, which have shown antiproliferative activity, while the second part is focused on the activity of gold(III) complexes with these ligands. A systematic summary of the results achieved in the field of gold(I/III) complexes with amino acids and peptides could contribute to the future development of metal complexes with these biocompatible ligands as promising antitumor agents.
Collapse
|
8
|
Truong D, Sullivan MP, Tong KKH, Steel TR, Prause A, Lovett JH, Andersen JW, Jamieson SMF, Harris HH, Ott I, Weekley CM, Hummitzsch K, Söhnel T, Hanif M, Metzler-Nolte N, Goldstone DC, Hartinger CG. Potent Inhibition of Thioredoxin Reductase by the Rh Derivatives of Anticancer M(arene/Cp*)(NHC)Cl 2 Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:3281-3289. [PMID: 32073260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Metal complexes provide a versatile platform to develop novel anticancer pharmacophores, and they form stable compounds with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands, some of which have been shown to inhibit the cancer-related selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). To expand a library of isostructural NHC complexes, we report here the preparation of RhIII- and IrIII(Cp*)(NHC)Cl2 (Cp* = η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) compounds and comparison of their properties to the RuII- and OsII(cym) analogues (cym = η6-p-cymene). Like the RuII- and OsII(cym) complexes, the RhIII- and IrIII(Cp*) derivatives exhibit cytotoxic activity with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values in the low micromolar range against a set of four human cancer cell lines. In studies on the uptake and localization of the compounds in cancer cells by X-ray fluorescence microscopy, the Ru and Os derivatives were shown to accumulate in the cytoplasmic region of treated cells. In an attempt to tie the localization of the compounds to the inhibition of the tentative target TrxR, it was surprisingly found that only the Rh complexes showed significant inhibitory activity at IC50 values of ∼1 μM, independent of the substituents on the NHC ligand. This indicates that, although TrxR may be a potential target for anticancer metal complexes, it is unlikely the main target or the sole target for the Ru, Os, and Ir compounds described here, and other targets should be considered. In contrast, Rh(Cp*)(NHC)Cl2 complexes may be a scaffold for the development of TrxR inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andre Prause
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, Braunschweig D-38106, Germany
| | | | | | - Stephen M F Jamieson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | | | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, Braunschweig D-38106, Germany
| | - Claire M Weekley
- Bio21 Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Inorganic Chemistry I-Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gupta A, Nigam S, Avasthi I, Sharma B, Ateeq B, Verma S. Caspase-3 mediated programmed cell death by a gold-stabilised peptide carbene. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126672. [PMID: 31570209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of novel N-heterocyclic carbene complexes derived from a tripeptide ligand (L), containing non-natural amino acid, thiazolylalanine is described here. The peptide ligand was reacted with suitable precursors to generate gold and mercury carbene complexes. The plausible structures of both complexes were predicted by spectroscopic data and DFT calculations. The binding energy data was also analyzed to predict their stability. The gold carbene complex (1A), showed activity against MCF7 breast cancer cell line due to mitochondrial triggered caspase-3 mediated programmed cell death. Its internalization inside cells could be observed due to autofluorescence. This study affords a methodology for successful generation of peptide carbene complexes for their therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astha Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Shivansh Nigam
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Ilesha Avasthi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Bikramjit Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Bushra Ateeq
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Sandeep Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
NHC-Ir(I) complexes derived from 5,6-dinitrobenzimidazole. Synthesis, characterization and preliminary evaluation of their in vitro anticancer activity. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
11
|
Daubit IM, Metzler-Nolte N. On the interaction of N-heterocyclic carbene Ir+I complexes with His and Cys containing peptides. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:13662-13673. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01338e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the interaction of an [Ir(+i)(COD)(NHC)Cl] complex with model peptides a chelating motif with a particularly interesting bimetallic peptide-bridged Ir(+iii)–NHC motif was identified with loss of the COD and Cl ligands and oxidation of the metal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Marie Daubit
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry I – Bioinorganic Chemistry
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- 44801 Bochum
- Germany
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry I – Bioinorganic Chemistry
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- 44801 Bochum
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fernández-Moreira V, Herrera RP, Gimeno MC. Anticancer properties of gold complexes with biologically relevant ligands. PURE APPL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2018-0901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The present review highlights our findings in the field of antitumor gold complexes bearing biologically relevant molecules, such as DNA-bases, amino acids or peptide derivatives. The results show that very active complexes are achieved with this sort of ligands in several cancer cells. In these compounds the gold center is bonded to these biological molecules mainly through a sulfur atom belonging to a cysteine moiety or to a thionicotinic moiety as result of the functionalization of the biological compounds, and additionally phosphines or N-heterocyclic carbenes are present as ancillary ligands. These robust compounds are stable in the biological media and can be transported to their targets without previous deactivation. The presence of these scaffolds represents a good approach to obtain complexes with improved biologically activity, better transport and biodistribution to cancer cells. Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) has been shown as the main target for these complexes and in some cases, DNA interactions has been also observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Fernández-Moreira
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) , CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza , C/Pedro Cerbuna, No. 12 , E-50009 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Raquel P. Herrera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) , CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza , C/Pedro Cerbuna, No. 12 , E-50009 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) , CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza , C/Pedro Cerbuna, No. 12 , E-50009 Zaragoza , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lam NYS, Truong D, Burmeister H, Babak MV, Holtkamp HU, Movassaghi S, Ayine-Tora DM, Zafar A, Kubanik M, Oehninger L, Söhnel T, Reynisson J, Jamieson SMF, Gaiddon C, Ott I, Hartinger CG. From Catalysis to Cancer: Toward Structure-Activity Relationships for Benzimidazol-2-ylidene-Derived N-Heterocyclic-Carbene Complexes as Anticancer Agents. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:14427-14434. [PMID: 30406647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The promise of the metal(arene) structure as an anticancer pharmacophore has prompted intensive exploration of this chemical space. While N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands are widely used in catalysis, they have only recently been considered in metal complexes for medicinal applications. Surprisingly, a comparatively small number of studies have been reported in which the NHC ligand was coordinated to the RuII(arene) pharmacophore and even less with an OsII(arene) pharmacophore. Here, we present a systematic study in which we compared symmetrically substituted methyl and benzyl derivatives with the nonsymmetric methyl/benzyl analogues. Through variation of the metal center and the halido ligands, an in-depth study was conducted on ligand exchange properties of these complexes and their biomolecule binding, noting in particular the stability of the M-CNHC bond. In addition, we demonstrated the ability of the complexes to inhibit the selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), suggested as an important target for anticancer metal-NHC complexes, and their cytotoxicity in human tumor cells. It was found that the most potent TrxR inhibitor diiodido(1,3-dibenzylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene)(η6-p-cymene)ruthenium(II) 1bI was also the most cytotoxic compound of the series, with the antiproliferative effects in general in the low to middle micromolar range. However, since there was no clear correlation between TrxR inhibition and antiproliferative potency across the compounds, TrxR inhibition is unlikely to be the main mode of action for the compound type and other target interactions must be considered in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Y S Lam
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | - Dianna Truong
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | - Hilke Burmeister
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Technische Universität Braunschweig , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Maria V Babak
- Signalisation Moléculaire du Stress Cellulaire et Pathologies, Inserm UMR_S1113 , Université de Strasbourg , 67200 Strasbourg , France
| | - Hannah U Holtkamp
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | - Sanam Movassaghi
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | | | - Ayesha Zafar
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | - Mario Kubanik
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | - Luciano Oehninger
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Technische Universität Braunschweig , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Tilo Söhnel
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | - Stephen M F Jamieson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre , University of Auckland , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | - Christian Gaiddon
- Signalisation Moléculaire du Stress Cellulaire et Pathologies, Inserm UMR_S1113 , Université de Strasbourg , 67200 Strasbourg , France
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Technische Universität Braunschweig , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kankala S, Thota N, Björkling F, Taylor MK, Vadde R, Balusu R. Silver carbene complexes: An emerging class of anticancer agents. Drug Dev Res 2018; 80:188-199. [PMID: 30387164 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a major global health problem with large therapeutic challenges. Although substantial progress has been made in cancer therapy, there still remains a need to develop novel and effective treatment strategies to treat several relapsed and refractory cancers. Recently, there has been growing demand for considering organometallics as antineoplastic agents. This review is focused on a group of organometallics, silver N-heterocyclic carbene complexes (SCCs) and their anticancer efficacy in targeting multiple pathways in various in vitro cancer model systems. However, the precise molecular mechanism of SCCs anticancer properties remains unclear. Here, we discuss the SCCs chemistry, potential molecular targets, possible molecular mechanism of action, and their application in cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Niranjan Thota
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Björkling
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Myles K Taylor
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Ravinder Vadde
- Department of Chemistry, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana State, India
| | - Ramesh Balusu
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lewe V, Preuss M, Woźnica EA, Spitzer D, Otter R, Besenius P. A clickable NHC-Au(i)-complex for the preparation of stimulus-responsive metallopeptide amphiphiles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9498-9501. [PMID: 30090888 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05622f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of an alkyne functionalised NHC-Au(i)-complex which is conjugated with amphiphilic oligopeptides using a copper(i) catalysed cycloaddition. The resulting Au(i)-metalloamphiphiles are shown to self-assemble into charge-regulated stimulus-responsive supramolecular polymers in water via a weakly cooperative polymerisation mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Lewe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang C, Maddelein ML, Wai-Yin Sun R, Gornitzka H, Cuvillier O, Hemmert C. Pharmacomodulation on Gold-NHC complexes for anticancer applications - is lipophilicity the key point? Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:320-332. [PMID: 30099254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of four new mononuclear cationic gold(I) complexes containing nitrogen functionalized N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) was synthesized and fully characterized by spectroscopic methods. The X-ray structures of three complexes are presented. These lipophilic gold(I) complexes originate from a pharmacomodulation of previously described gold(I)-NHC complexes, by replacing an aliphatic spacer with an aromatic one. The Log P values of the resulting complexes increased by 0.7-1.5, depending on the substituents in comparison to the aliphatic-linker systems. The new series of complexes has been investigated in vitro for their anti-cancer activities in PC-3 (prostate cancer) and T24 (bladder cancer) cell lines and in the non-cancerous MC3T3 (osteoblast) cell line. All tested complexes show high activities against the cancer cell lines with GI50 values lower than 500 nM. One complex (11) has been selected for further investigations. It has been tested in vitro in six cancer cell lines from different origins (prostate, bladder, lung, bone, liver and breast) and two non-cancerous cell lines (osteoblasts, fibroblasts). Moreover, cellular uptake measurements were indicative of a good bioavailability. By various biochemical assays, this complex was found to effectively inhibit the thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and its cytotoxicity towards prostate PC-3, bladder T24 and liver HepG2 cells was found to be ROS-dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Lise Maddelein
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Raymond Wai-Yin Sun
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Heinz Gornitzka
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Olivier Cuvillier
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Diehl T, Krause MTS, Ueberlein S, Becker S, Trommer A, Schnakenburg G, Engeser M. Synthesis of hydroxyl-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene gold(i) complexes and peptide conjugates. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:2988-2997. [PMID: 28198476 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04834j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a series of new cationic gold(i) complexes with hydroxyl-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands is described. They are valuable building blocks for further derivatization: as a first example, coupling with amino acids and a dipeptide, respectively, successfully results in amino acid and peptide conjugates that are hard to obtain by other synthetic routes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Diehl
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Melanie T S Krause
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Sven Ueberlein
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Becker
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Aline Trommer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Marianne Engeser
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Porchia M, Pellei M, Marinelli M, Tisato F, Del Bello F, Santini C. New insights in Au-NHCs complexes as anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 146:709-746. [PMID: 29407992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Within the research field of antitumor metal-based agents alternative to platinum drugs, gold(I/III) coordination complexes have always been in the forefront due mainly to the familiarity of medicinal chemists with gold compounds, whose application in medicine goes back in the ancient times, and to the rich chemistry shown by this metal. In the last decade, N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (NHC), a class of ligands that largely resembles the chemical properties of phosphines, became of interest for gold(I) medicinal applications, and since then, the research on NHC-gold(I/III) coordination complexes as potential antiproliferative agents boosted dramatically. Different classes of gold(I/III)-NHC complexes often showed an outstanding in vitro antiproliferative activity, however up to now very few in vivo data have been reported to corroborate the in vitro results. This review summarizes all achievements in the field of gold (I/III) complexes comprising NHC ligands proposed as potential antiproliferative agents in the period 2004-2016, and critically analyses biological data (mainly IC50 values) in relation to the chemical structures of Au compounds. The state of art of the in vivo studies so far described is also reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maura Pellei
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy.
| | - Marika Marinelli
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Del Bello
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Carlo Santini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cucciolito ME, Trinchillo M, Iannitti R, Palumbo R, Tesauro D, Tuzi A, Ruffo F, D'Amora A. Sugar-Incorporated N-Heterocyclic-Carbene-Containing Gold(I) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxic Evaluation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Cucciolito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo; Via Cintia 21 80126 Napoli Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Reattività Chimica e Catalisi; Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Marina Trinchillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo; Via Cintia 21 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Roberta Iannitti
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini (IBB) CNR; Via Mezzocannone 16 80134 Napoli Italy
| | - Rosanna Palumbo
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini (IBB) CNR; Via Mezzocannone 16 80134 Napoli Italy
| | - Diego Tesauro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia & CIRPeB Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II; Via Mezzocannone 16 80134 Napoli Italy
- Diagnostica e Farmaceutica Molecolari S.C.R.L (DFM); Via Mezzocannone 16 80134 Napoli Italy
| | - Angela Tuzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo; Via Cintia 21 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Francesco Ruffo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo; Via Cintia 21 80126 Napoli Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Reattività Chimica e Catalisi; Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Angela D'Amora
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo; Via Cintia 21 80126 Napoli Italy
- Diagnostica e Farmaceutica Molecolari S.C.R.L (DFM); Via Mezzocannone 16 80134 Napoli Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Reversible Covalent and Supramolecular Functionalization of Water-Soluble Gold(I) Complexes. Chemistry 2017; 23:6048-6055. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
21
|
Williams M, Green AI, Fernandez-Cestau J, Hughes DL, O'Connell MA, Searcey M, Bertrand B, Bochmann M. (C^Npz^C)AuIII complexes of acyclic carbene ligands: synthesis and anticancer properties. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:13397-13408. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02804k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of amino ester conjugated (C^Npz^C)Au acyclic carbene complexes with low micromolar cytotoxicity on human cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam I. Green
- School of Chemistry
- University of East Anglia
- Norwich
- UK
| | | | | | | | - Mark Searcey
- School of Chemistry
- University of East Anglia
- Norwich
- UK
- School of Pharmacy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Albada B, Metzler-Nolte N. Organometallic–Peptide Bioconjugates: Synthetic Strategies and Medicinal Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 116:11797-11839. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bauke Albada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Inorganic
Chemistry I − Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780-D Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gothe Y, Marzo T, Messori L, Metzler-Nolte N. Iridium(I) Compounds as Prospective Anticancer Agents: Solution Chemistry, Antiproliferative Profiles and Protein Interactions for a Series of Iridium(I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes. Chemistry 2016; 22:12487-94. [PMID: 27443984 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of structurally related mono- and bis-NHC-iridium(I) (NHC: N-heterocyclic carbene) complexes have been investigated for their suitability as potential anticancer drugs. Their spectral behaviour in aqueous buffers under physiological-like conditions and their cytotoxicity against the cancer cell lines MCF-7 and HT-29 are reported. Notably, almost all complexes exhibit significant cytotoxic effects towards both cancer cell lines. In general, the cationic bis-carbene complexes show higher stability and greater anticancer activity than their neutral mono-carbene analogues with IC50 values in the high nanomolar range. Furthermore, to gain initial mechanistic insight, the interactions of these iridium(I)-NHC complexes with two model proteins, namely lysozyme and cytochrome c, were explored by HR-ESI-MS analyses. The different protein metalation patterns of the complexes can be roughly classified into two distinct groups. Those interactions give us a first idea about the possible mechanism of action of this class of compounds. Overall, our findings show that iridium(I)-NHC complexes represent very interesting candidates for further development as new metal-based anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Gothe
- Inorganic Chemistry I-Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tiziano Marzo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry (DCCI), University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi Messori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Inorganic Chemistry I-Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Atrián-Blasco E, Gascón S, Rodríguez-Yoldi MJ, Laguna M, Cerrada E. Synthesis of Gold(I) Derivatives Bearing Alkylated 1,3,5-Triaza-7-phosphaadamantane as Selective Anticancer Metallodrugs. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Atrián-Blasco
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea; Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C.; Pedro Cerbuna, 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Sonia Gascón
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Unidad de Fisiología; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de Zaragoza; CIBERobn 50013 Zaragoza Spain
| | - M. Jesús Rodríguez-Yoldi
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Unidad de Fisiología; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de Zaragoza; CIBERobn 50013 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Mariano Laguna
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea; Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C.; Pedro Cerbuna, 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Elena Cerrada
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea; Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C.; Pedro Cerbuna, 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mui YF, Fernández-Gallardo J, Elie BT, Gubran A, Maluenda I, Sanaú M, Navarro O, Contel M. Titanocene-Gold Complexes Containing N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands Inhibit Growth of Prostate, Renal, and Colon Cancers in Vitro. Organometallics 2016; 35:1218-1227. [PMID: 27182101 PMCID: PMC4863200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We report on the synthesis, characterization,
and stability studies
of new titanocene complexes containing a methyl group and a carboxylate
ligand (mba = −OC(O)-p-C6H4-S−) bound to gold(I)–N-heterocyclic carbene
fragments through the thiolate group: [(η5-C5H5)2TiMe(μ-mba)Au(NHC)]. The cytotoxicities
of the heterometallic compounds along with those of novel monometallic
gold–N-heterocyclic carbene precursors [(NHC)Au(mbaH)] have
been evaluated against renal, prostate, colon, and breast cancer cell
lines. The highest activity and selectivity and a synergistic effect
of the resulting heterometallic species was found for the prostate
and colon cancer cell lines. The colocalization of both titanium and
gold metals (1:1 ratio) in PC3 prostate cancer cells was demonstrated
for the selected compound 5a, indicating the robustness
of the heterometallic compound in vitro. We describe here preliminary
mechanistic data involving studies on the interaction of selected
mono- and bimetallic compounds with plasmid (pBR322) used as a model
nucleic acid and the inhibition of thioredoxin reductase in PC3 prostate
cancer cells. The heterometallic compounds, which are highly apoptotic,
exhibit strong antimigratory effects on the prostate cancer cell line
PC3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiu Fung Mui
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States; Chemistry and Biology Ph.D. Programs, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Jacob Fernández-Gallardo
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York , Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - Benelita T Elie
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States; Chemistry and Biology Ph.D. Programs, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Ahmed Gubran
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York , Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - Irene Maluenda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex , Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Mercedes Sanaú
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Valencia , Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Oscar Navarro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex , Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - María Contel
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States; Chemistry and Biology Ph.D. Programs, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States; Chemistry and Biology Ph.D. Programs, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hapău D, Rémond E, Fanelli R, Vivancos M, René A, Côté J, Besserer-Offroy É, Longpré JM, Martinez J, Zaharia V, Sarret P, Cavelier F. Stereoselective Synthesis of β-(5-Arylthiazolyl) α-Amino Acids and Use in Neurotensin Analogues. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
27
|
Gutiérrez A, Cativiela C, Laguna A, Gimeno MC. Bioactive gold(i) complexes with 4-mercaptoproline derivatives. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:13483-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02000c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Unprecedented gold(i) bioconjugates bearing non-proteinogenic amino acid 4-mercaptoproline species as bioorganic ligands have been prepared. The complexes displayed excellent cytotoxic activity with IC50 values in the low μM range and even in the nM range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- E-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Carlos Cativiela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- E-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Antonio Laguna
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- E-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- E-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Caffeine derived platinum(II) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes with multiple anti-cancer activities. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
29
|
Lv G, Guo L, Qiu L, Yang H, Wang T, Liu H, Lin J. Lipophilicity-dependent ruthenium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes as potential anticancer agents. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:7324-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00169b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Five novel Ru(ii)–N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) were synthesized and biologically evaluated, one of which showed superior activity against PC-3 cell lines and 6 fold more activity than cisplatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaochao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine
- Ministry of Health
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine
- Wuxi 214063
| | - Liubin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine
- Ministry of Health
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine
- Wuxi 214063
| | - Ling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine
- Ministry of Health
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine
- Wuxi 214063
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine
- Ministry of Health
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine
- Wuxi 214063
| | - Tengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine
- Ministry of Health
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine
- Wuxi 214063
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine
- Ministry of Health
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine
- Wuxi 214063
| | - Jianguo Lin
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine
- Ministry of Health
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine
- Wuxi 214063
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gothe Y, Marzo T, Messori L, Metzler-Nolte N. Cytotoxic activity and protein binding through an unusual oxidative mechanism by an iridium(i)–NHC complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:3151-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc10014j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A new NHC iridium(i) complex (1) showing significant antiproliferative properties in vitro is described here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Gothe
- Inorganic Chemistry I – Bioinorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruhr-University Bochum
- 44801 Bochum
- Germany
| | - T. Marzo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florence
- 50019 Sesto Fiorentino
- Italy
| | - L. Messori
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florence
- 50019 Sesto Fiorentino
- Italy
| | - N. Metzler-Nolte
- Inorganic Chemistry I – Bioinorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruhr-University Bochum
- 44801 Bochum
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Serebryanskaya TV, Zolotarev AA, Ott I. A novel aminotriazole-based NHC complex for the design of gold(i) anti-cancer agents: synthesis and biological evaluation. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00185d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel gold(i) complex based on an aminotriazole N-heterocylic carbene ligand represents a promising scaffold for the design of anticancer bioorganometallics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. V. Serebryanskaya
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
- Institute of Chemistry
| | - A. A. Zolotarev
- Institute of Earth Sciences
- Saint Petersburg State University
- 199034 Saint Petersburg
- Russian Federation
| | - I. Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bao Y, Kumagai N, Shibasaki M. Design and synthesis of a bis(hydroxyphenyl)diamide bearing a pendant thiazolium unit; application to the catalytic asymmetric intramolecular Stetter reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
33
|
Fernández-Moreira V, Marzo I, Gimeno MC. Luminescent Re(i) and Re(i)/Au(i) complexes as cooperative partners in cell imaging and cancer therapy. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01684j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|