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Kamin AA, Clayton TD, Otteson CE, Gannon PM, Krajewski S, Kaminsky W, Jasti R, Xiao DJ. Synthesis and metalation of polycatechol nanohoops derived from fluorocycloparaphenylenes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9724-9732. [PMID: 37736630 PMCID: PMC10510647 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03561a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their unique topology and distinct physical properties, cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) are attractive building blocks for new materials synthesis. While both noncovalent interactions and irreversible covalent bonds have been used to link CPP monomers into extended materials, a coordination chemistry approach remains less explored. Here we show that nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions can be leveraged to rapidly introduce donor groups (-OR, -SR) onto polyfluorinated CPP rings. Demethylation of methoxide-substituted CPPs produces polycatechol nanohoop ligands that are readily metalated to produce well-defined, multimetallic CPP complexes. As catechols are recurring motifs throughout coordination chemistry and dynamic covalent chemistry, the polycatechol nanohoops reported here open the door to new strategies for the bottom-up synthesis of atomically precise CPP-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlyn A Kamin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Tara D Clayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403 USA
| | - Claire E Otteson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403 USA
| | - Paige M Gannon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Sebastian Krajewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Werner Kaminsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403 USA
| | - Dianne J Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
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2
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Rotthowe N, Linseis M, Vogelsang L, Orth N, Ivanović-Burmazović I, Winter RF. A "Pretender" Croconate-Bridged Macrocyclic Tetraruthenium Complex: Sizable Redox Potential Splittings despite Electronically Insulated Divinylphenylene Diruthenium Entities. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175232. [PMID: 34500666 PMCID: PMC8433806 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Careful optimization of the reaction conditions provided access to the particularly small tetraruthenium macrocycle 2Ru2Ph-Croc, which is composed out of two redox-active divinylphenylene-bridged diruthenium entities {Ru}-1,4-CH=CH-C6H4-CH=CH-{Ru} (Ru2Ph; {Ru} = Ru(CO)Cl(PiPr3)2) and two likewise redox-active and potentially non-innocent croconate linkers. According to single X-ray diffraction analysis, the central cavity of 2Ru2Ph-Croc is shielded by the bulky PiPr3 ligands, which come into close contact. Cyclic voltammetry revealed two pairs of split anodic waves in the weakly ion pairing CH2Cl2/NBu4BArF24 (BArF24 = [B{C6H3(CF3)2-3,5}4]− electrolyte, while the third and fourth waves fall together in CH2Cl2/NBu4PF6. The various oxidized forms were electrogenerated and scrutinized by IR and UV/Vis/NIR spectroscopy. This allowed us to assign the individual oxidations to the metal-organic Ru2Ph entities within 2Ru2Ph-Croc, while the croconate ligands remain largely uninvolved. The lack of specific NIR bands that could be assigned to intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) in the mono- and trications indicates that these mixed-valent species are strictly charge-localized. 2Ru2Ph-Croc is hence an exemplary case, where stepwise IR band shifts and quite sizable redox splittings between consecutive one-electron oxidations would, on first sight, point to electronic coupling, but are exclusively due to electrostatic and inductive effects. This makes 2Ru2Ph-Croc a true “pretender”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Rotthowe
- Fachbereich Chemie der Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 31, 78464 Konstanz, Germany; (N.R.); (M.L.); (L.V.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, LJS 251, 840 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Michael Linseis
- Fachbereich Chemie der Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 31, 78464 Konstanz, Germany; (N.R.); (M.L.); (L.V.)
| | - Lars Vogelsang
- Fachbereich Chemie der Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 31, 78464 Konstanz, Germany; (N.R.); (M.L.); (L.V.)
| | - Nicole Orth
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (N.O.); (I.I.-B.)
| | - Ivana Ivanović-Burmazović
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (N.O.); (I.I.-B.)
- Department Chemie, Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, Haus D, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Rainer F. Winter
- Fachbereich Chemie der Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 31, 78464 Konstanz, Germany; (N.R.); (M.L.); (L.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(7531)-88-5355
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Therrien B. Unmasking Arene Ruthenium Building Blocks. CHEM REC 2020; 21:460-468. [PMID: 33215871 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We have, like many others, contributed to the development and to the popularity of arene ruthenium assemblies. From early on, our research was driven by applications, mainly biological (therapeutic, drug delivery, DNA interactions, photodynamic therapy, imaging). For nearly 15 years, we have focused on the use of arene ruthenium building block as a tool to construct added-value objects. In this account, we want to give the basic reasons behind our choice, and uncover our most successful examples, with an emphasis on the foreseen applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Therrien
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchatel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, CH 2000, Neuchatel, Switzerland
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Mutua GK, Bellam R, Jaganyi D, Mambanda A. The role of N,N-chelate ligand on the reactivity of (η6-p-cymene)Ru(II) complexes: kinetics, DNA and protein interaction studies. J COORD CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2019.1676893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gershom Kyalo Mutua
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Rajesh Bellam
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Deogratius Jaganyi
- School of Science, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Allen Mambanda
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Wi EH, Ryu JY, Lee SG, Farwa U, Pait M, Lee S, Cho S, Lee J. Selective Self-Assembly of a Rectangular Ruthenium Supramolecule from an Unsymmetrical Bridging Unit. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:11493-11499. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hye Wi
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Gi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ume Farwa
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Moumita Pait
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
We present four new tetraruthenium macrocycles built from two 1,4-divinylphenylene diruthenium and two isophthalic acid building blocks with peripheral, potentially mono- or tridentate donor functions attached to the isophthalic linkers. These macrocycles are characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and, in the case of the thioacetyl-appended complex 4, by X-ray crystallography. Cyclic and square wave voltammetry establish that the macrocycles can be oxidized in four consecutive redox steps that come as two pairs of two closely spaced one-electron waves. Spectroscopic changes observed during IR and UV/Vis/NIR spectroelectrochemical experiments (NIR = near infrared) show that the isophthalate linkers insulate the electroactive divinylphenylene diruthenium moieties against each other. The macrocycles exhibit nevertheless pronounced polyelectrochromism with highly intense absorptions in the Vis (2+/4+ states) and the NIR (2+ states) with extinction coefficients of up to >100,000 M−1·cm−1. The strong absorptivity enhancement with respect to the individual divinylphenylene diruthenium building blocks is attributed to conformational restrictions imposed by the macrocycle backbone. Moreover, the di- and tetracations of these macrocycles are paramagnetic as revealed by EPR spectroscopy.
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Appavoo D, Carnevale D, Deschenaux R, Therrien B. Combining coordination and hydrogen-bonds to form arene ruthenium metalla-assemblies. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Garci A, Mbakidi JP, Chaleix V, Sol V, Orhan E, Therrien B. Tunable Arene Ruthenium Metallaprisms to Transport, Shield, and Release Porphin in Cancer Cells. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amine Garci
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Neuchatel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Mbakidi
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue
Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Vincent Chaleix
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue
Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Vincent Sol
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue
Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Ersin Orhan
- Department
of Chemistry, Düzce University, 81620 Düzce, Turkey
| | - Bruno Therrien
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Neuchatel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
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9
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Abstract
Arene ruthenium complexes have become popular building blocks for the preparation of metalla-assemblies with biological applications, opening a new era for arene ruthenium complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Therrien
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Neuchatel
- CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
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