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Kopp RO, Kleynemeyer SL, Groth LJ, Ernst MJ, Rupf SM, Weber M, Kershaw Cook LJ, Coles NT, Neale SE, Müller C. Highly selective, reversible water activation by P,N-cooperativity in pyridyl-functionalized phosphinines. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5496-5506. [PMID: 38638216 PMCID: PMC11023035 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05930h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetrapyridyl-functionalized phosphinines were prepared and structurally characterized. The donor-functionalized aromatic phosphorus heterocycles react highly selectively and even reversibly with water. Calculations reveal P,N-cooperativity for this process, with the flanking pyridyl groups serving to kinetically enhance the formal oxidative addition process of H2O to the low-coordinate phosphorus atom via H-bonding. Subsequent tautomerization forms 1,2-dihydrophosphinine derivatives, which can be quantitatively converted back to the phosphinine by applying vacuum, even at room temperature. This process can be repeated numerous times, without any sign of decomposition of the phosphinine. In the presence of CuI·SMe2, dimeric species of the type ([Cu2I2(phosphinine)]2) are formed, in which each phosphorus atom shows the less common μ2-bridging 2e--lone-pair-donation to two Cu(i)-centres. Our results demonstrate that fully unsaturated phosphorus heterocycles, containing reactive P[double bond, length as m-dash]C double bonds, are interesting candidates for the activation of E-H bonds, while the aromaticity of such compounds plays an appreciable role in the reversibility of the reaction, supported by NICS calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard O Kopp
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Sabrina L Kleynemeyer
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Lucie J Groth
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Moritz J Ernst
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Susanne M Rupf
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Manuela Weber
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Laurence J Kershaw Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Nathan T Coles
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Samuel E Neale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Christian Müller
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
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2
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Reactivity Studies of Phosphinines: The Selenation of Diphenyl-Phosphine Substituents and Formation of a Chelating Bis(Phosphinine) Palladium(II) Complex. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphinines and donor-substituted phosphinines are of recent interest due to their use in homogeneous catalysis. In this article, a Pd(II) bis(phosphinine) complex was characterised and phosphorus–selenium coupling constants were used to assess the donor properties of the diphenylphosphine substituents of phosphinine ligands to promote their further use in catalysis. The selenation of 2,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-3,6-dimethylphosphinine (5) and 2-diphenylphosphino-3-methyl-6-trimethylsilylphosphinine (6) gave the corresponding phosphine selenides 8 and 9, respectively, leaving the phosphinine ring intact. Multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and single crystal X-ray diffraction confirmed the oxidation of all the diphenylphosphine substituents with 1JP-Se coupling constants determined to be similar to SePPh3, indicating that the phosphinine rings were electronically similar to phenyl substituents. Solutions of 6 were found to react with oxygen slowly to produce the phosphine oxide 10 along with other by-products. The reaction of [bis{3-methyl-6-(trimethylsilyl)phosphinine-2-yl}dimethylsilane] (4) with [PdCl2(COD)] gave the chelating dichloropalladium(II) complex, as determined by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and an elemental analysis. The molecular structure of the intermediate 2 in the formation of 4,6-di(tert-butyl)-1,3,2-diazaphosphinine (3) was also determined, which confirmed the structure of the diazaphosphacycle P(Cl){N=C(tBu)CH=C(tBu)-N(H)}.
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3
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Wossidlo F, Frost DS, Lin J, Coles NT, Klimov K, Weber M, Böttcher T, Müller C. Making Aromatic Phosphorus Heterocycles More Basic and Nucleophilic: Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of the First Phosphinine Selenide. Chemistry 2021; 27:12788-12795. [PMID: 34251712 PMCID: PMC8518535 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and isolation of a phosphinine selenide was achieved for the first time by reacting red selenium with 2,6-bis(trimethylsilyl)phosphinine. The rather large coupling constant of 1 JP,Se =883 Hz is in line with a P-Se bond of high s-character. The σ-electron donating Me3 Si-substituents significantly increase the energy of the phosphorus lone pair and hence its basicity, making the heterocycle considerably more basic and nucleophilic than the unsubstituted phosphinine C5 H5 P, as confirmed by the calculated gas phase basicities. NBO calculations further reveal that the lone pairs of the selenium atom are stabilized through donor-acceptor interactions with antibonding orbitals of the aromatic ring. The novel phosphinine selenide shows a distinct reactivity towards hexafluoro-2-butyne, Au(I)Cl as well as i PrOH. Our results pave the way for new perspectives in the chemistry of phosphorus in low coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Wossidlo
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel S Frost
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jinxiong Lin
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nathan T Coles
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Klimov
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuela Weber
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Böttcher
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Müller
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Welideniya D, Ramachandran MRK, Kalisch T, Streubel R. New frontiers: 1,4-diphosphinines and P-bridged bis(NHCs). Dalton Trans 2021; 50:9345-9366. [PMID: 34160506 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01624e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review describes synthetic concepts and breakthroughs in 1,4-diphosphinine and related P-bridged bis(NHCs) chemistry, covering the last four decades, starting from monocyclic 1,4-dihydro-1,4-diphosphinines in the early 80s to the most recent and promising achievements of tricyclic 1,4-dihydro-1,4-diphosphinines and tricyclic 1,4-diphosphinines. Theoretical aspects are presented for 1,4-dihydro- and 1,4-diphosphinines considering HOMO LUMO situations as well as the degree of aromaticity. Moreover, fundamental characteristics of analytical data of these compounds are highlighted with special focus on substituent effects, structural aspects and trends of electrophilicity. The two P-centers and the heterocyclic rings of 1,4-dihydro- and 1,4-diphosphinines constitute a broad platform for substitution, reduction/oxidation, alkylation, complexation and cycloaddition reactions, i.e., a comprehensive compilation of reactivity aspects is presented. Furthermore, very recent developments in the synthesis and reactivity of tricyclic PV/V- and PIII/III-bridged bis(imidazole-2-ylidenes) will be discussed together with new perspectives derived from an antiaromatic middle ring. In total, our intention is to show new frontiers, i.e., new synthetic paths, thus creating novel opportunities for potential applications in molecular and materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanushi Welideniya
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Mridhul R K Ramachandran
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Tim Kalisch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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5
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Leitl J, Coburger P, Scott DJ, Ziegler CGP, Hierlmeier G, Wolf R, van Leest NP, de Bruin B, Hörner G, Müller C. Phosphorus Analogues of [Ni(bpy)2]: Synthesis and Application in Carbon–Halogen Bond Activation. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:9951-9961. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Leitl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - P. Coburger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - D. J. Scott
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - C. G. P. Ziegler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - G. Hierlmeier
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - R. Wolf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - N. P. van Leest
- van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B. de Bruin
- van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G. Hörner
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry IV, Unversität Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - C. Müller
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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6
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Sadi A, Ouamerali O. Theoretical Study, NBO Analysis, HOMO/LUMO and First Static Hyperpolarizability for the Structural Prediction of New 1X-tri-R-σ3λ3-Phosphacyclohexadienyl Anion Ligands Using DFT Calculations. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s002247662002002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Cleaves PA, Mansell SM. Unexpected Multiple Coordination Modes in Silyl-Bridged Bis(phosphinine) Complexes. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Cleaves
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Stephen M. Mansell
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, U.K
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8
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Loibl A, Weber M, Lutz M, Müller C. Re
I
Complexes of Pyridylphosphinines and 2,2′‐Bipyridine Derivatives: A Comparison. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Loibl
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Manuela Weber
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Martin Lutz
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research Crystal and Structural Chemistry Utrecht University Padualaan 8 3584 CH Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Christian Müller
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
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9
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Nagahora N, Goto S, Inatomi T, Tokumaru H, Matsubara K, Shioji K, Okuma K. Buchwald–Hartwig Amination of Phosphinines and the Effect of Amine Substituents on Optoelectronic Properties of the Resulting Coupling Products. J Org Chem 2018; 83:6373-6381. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noriyoshi Nagahora
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Shoko Goto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Takahiro Inatomi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tokumaru
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kouki Matsubara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kosei Shioji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kentaro Okuma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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10
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Loibl A, Oschmann W, Vogler M, Pidko EA, Weber M, Wiecko J, Müller C. Substituent effects in pyridyl-functionalized pyrylium salts, pyridines and λ3,σ2-phosphinines: a fundamental and systematic study. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:9355-9366. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01441h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of pyridyl-functionalized O+–, N–, and P– containing heterocycles have been prepared and investigated for substituent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Loibl
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Wiebke Oschmann
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Maria Vogler
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | | | - Manuela Weber
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Jelena Wiecko
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Christian Müller
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
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11
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Newland RJ, Delve MP, Wingad RL, Mansell SM. Two isomers of a bis(diphenylphosphino)phosphinine, and the synthesis and reactivity of Ru arene/Cp* phosphinophosphinine complexes. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03632b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Two isomers of a bis(diphenylphosphino)phosphinine have been synthesised, and the Ru coordination chemistry of a 2-phosphinophosphinine extended to include reactions of H2O across a PC double bond.
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12
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Worch JC, Hellemann E, Pros G, Gayathri C, Pintauer T, Gil RR, Noonan KJT. Stability and Reactivity of 1,3-Benzothiaphosphole: Metalation and Diels–Alder Chemistry. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C. Worch
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Erich Hellemann
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Gabrielle Pros
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes
Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Chakicherla Gayathri
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tomislav Pintauer
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes
Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Roberto R. Gil
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Kevin J. T. Noonan
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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