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Schubert U. Clusters with a Zr6O8 core. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Van den Eynden D, Pokratath R, De Roo J. Nonaqueous Chemistry of Group 4 Oxo Clusters and Colloidal Metal Oxide Nanocrystals. Chem Rev 2022; 122:10538-10572. [PMID: 35467844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We review the nonaqueous precursor chemistry of the group 4 metals to gain insight into the formation of their oxo clusters and colloidal oxide nanocrystals. We first describe the properties and structures of titanium, zirconium, and hafnium oxides. Second, we introduce the different precursors that are used in the synthesis of oxo clusters and oxide nanocrystals. We review the structures of group 4 metal halides and alkoxides and their reactivity toward alcohols, carboxylic acids, etc. Third, we discuss fully condensed and atomically precise metal oxo clusters that could serve as nanocrystal models. By comparing the reaction conditions and reagents, we provide insight into the relationship between the cluster structure and the nature of the carboxylate capping ligands. We also briefly discuss the use of oxo clusters. Finally, we review the nonaqueous synthesis of group 4 oxide nanocrystals, including both surfactant-free and surfactant-assisted syntheses. We focus on their precursor chemistry and surface chemistry. By putting these results together, we connect the dots and obtain more insight into the fascinating chemistry of the group 4 metals. At the same time, we also identify gaps in our knowledge and thus areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietger Van den Eynden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24, BPR 1096, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Rohan Pokratath
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24, BPR 1096, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan De Roo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24, BPR 1096, Basel 4058, Switzerland
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Schmitz S, Izarova NV, van Leusen J, Kleemann K, Monakhov KY, Kögerler P. Expansion of Zirconium Oxide Clusters by 3d/4f Ions. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:11599-11608. [PMID: 34289690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two series of charge-neutral coordination clusters featuring quasi-isostructural metal oxide cores, isolated as [Zr6Fe2Ln2O8(ib)14(bda)2(NO3)2]·xMeCN (Ln = La (1), Ce (2), Pr (3), and Nd (4); ib- = isobutyrate; H2bda = N-butyldiethanolamine) and [Zr6Fe2Ln2O8(ib)14(mda)2(NO3)2]·xMeCN (Ln = La (5), Ce (6), Pr (7), and Nd (8); H2mda = N-methyldiethanolamine), were obtained via one-pot reactions of [Fe3O(ib)6(H2O)3]NO3 as a critical precursor, Ln(NO3)3·6H2O (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, and Nd), the respective aminoalcohol, and [Zr6O4(OH)4(ib)12(H2O)]·3Hib in an acetonitrile solution. The coordination clusters in 1-8 feature {Zr6O8} cores that are structurally expanded by two 4f (Ln3+) and two 3d (Fe3+) metal ions, each individually coordinated to one of the eight oxide centers of {Zr6O8}, producing a metal skeleton where the 3d/4f positions cap four of the triangular faces of the central Zr6 octahedron. The coordination clusters differ in the chosen aminoalcohol coligands, N-butyldiethanolamine or N-methyldiethanolamine, which lead to a different isobutyrate coordination pattern in the two series, while the {Fe2Ln2Zr6O8} core structure remains virtually unaffected. All eight coordination clusters are obtained in moderate to good yields of 29-66% after only several days. Complexes 1-8 are stable against air and moisture; they are also surprisingly thermally stable up to 280 °C in air and in nitrogen atmosphere, and they represent the first reported examples of 3d/4f-functionalized zirconium oxide clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schmitz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Natalya V Izarova
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jan van Leusen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kevin Kleemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kirill Yu Monakhov
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paul Kögerler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Zhang Y, de Azambuja F, Parac-Vogt TN. The forgotten chemistry of group(IV) metals: A survey on the synthesis, structure, and properties of discrete Zr(IV), Hf(IV), and Ti(IV) oxo clusters. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Wang C, Liu C, Li LJ, Sun ZM. Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Photochemical Properties of a Family of Heterometallic Titanium Oxo Clusters. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:6312-6319. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Lei- Jiao Li
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Canter of Optical Materials and Chemistry, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center of Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Bezrukov AA, Törnroos KW, Le Roux E, Dietzel PDC. Incorporation of an intact dimeric Zr12 oxo cluster from a molecular precursor in a new zirconium metal–organic framework. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2735-2738. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00507a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A dimeric Zr12 oxo cluster was used as new molecular building block in construction of metal–organic frameworks utilizing the precursor approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karl W. Törnroos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen
- N-5020 Bergen
- Norway
| | - Erwan Le Roux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen
- N-5020 Bergen
- Norway
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Schubert U. Surface chemistry of carboxylato-substituted metal oxo clusters – Model systems for nanoparticles. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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