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Lin C, Jin Y, Sun J, Ye Z, Chen T, Liu J, Duttwyler S. Regioselective B2-6 penta-iodination of the [CB 11H 12] - monocarborane cluster by palladium catalysis. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:11042-11046. [PMID: 37540047 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02275g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Penta-iodination of the B2-6 positions of the {CB11} monocarborane cluster is reported. Products of the structure [2,3,4,5,6-I5-CB11H6-12-X]- (X = H, Me, Et, Ph, Br, I) were obtained and fully characterized. X-ray crystal structures of three new compounds confirm this particular substitution pattern. The synthetic method relies on palladium catalysis/B-H activation, assisted by the C1-COOH directing group. The one-pot procedure enables penta-iodination and subsequent decarboxylation under convenient conditions. The B2-6 regioselectivity is complementary to the commonly observed reactivity of {CB11} clusters, which follows the trend B12 > B7-11 > B2-6 for electrophilic substitution. Thus, for the first time upper-belt halogenation is achieved without prior modification of the lower-belt positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuhao Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yujie Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jizeng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zehua Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Simon Duttwyler
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
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Schilling C, Bauer A, Knöller JA, Schulz F, Zens A, Laschat S. Tailoring boron liquid crystals: Mesomorphic properties of iminodiacetic acid boronates. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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3
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Synthesis, structures, DFT calculations, and Hirshfeld surface analysis of sulfonium derivatives of the closo-decaborate anion [B10X9-cyclo-S(CH2)4]– and [B10X9-cyclo-S(CH2CH2)2O]– (X = H, Cl, Br). J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Jakubowski R, Pecyna J, Ali MO, Pietrzak A, Friedli AC, Kaszyński P. Polar derivatives of [ closo-1-CB 9H 10] - and [ closo-1-CB 11H 12] - anions as high Δ ε additives to a nematic host: a comparison of the CH 2CH 2 and COO linking groups. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:3671-3681. [PMID: 33630008 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00211b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of liquid crystalline pyridinium and sulfonium derivatives of the [closo-1-CB9H10]- and [closo-1-CB11H12]- anions containing the CH2CH2 linking group was prepared and their molecular and crystal structures were determined by single crystal XRD methods. Thermal and dielectric properties of the series were evaluated in a weakly polar nematic host. The highest extrapolated dielectric anisotropy, Δε, was observed for pyridinium zwitterions (up to 56.0). The dielectric data were analyzed with the Maier-Meier formalism augmented with density functional theory calculations, and the results were compared to those obtained for the analogous ester derivatives (COO linking group). The effect of the linking group on thermal and electrooptical properties is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Jakubowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jacek Pecyna
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37130, USA
| | - Muhammad O Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37130, USA
| | - Anna Pietrzak
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37130, USA and X-ray Crystallographic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Łódź Technical University, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Andrienne C Friedli
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37130, USA
| | - Piotr Kaszyński
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-363 Łódź, Poland and Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37130, USA and Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
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5
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Jakubowski R, Pietrzak A, Friedli AC, Kaszyński P. C(1)-Phenethyl Derivatives of [closo-1-CB 11 H 12 ] - and [closo-1-CB 9 H 10 ] - Anions: Difunctional Building Blocks for Molecular Materials. Chemistry 2020; 26:17481-17494. [PMID: 32776629 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
C(1)-vinylation of [closo-1-CB9 H10 ]- (A) and [closo-1-CB11 H12 ]- (B) with 4-benzyloxystyryl iodide followed by hydrogenation of the double bond and reductive deprotection of the phenol functionality led to C(1)-(4-hydroxyphenethyl) derivatives. The phenol functionality was protected as the acetate. The esters were then treated with PhI(OAc)2 and the resulting isomers were separated kinetically (for derivatives of anion A) or by chromatography (for derivatives of anion B) giving the difunctionalized building blocks in overall yields of 9 % and 50 %, respectively. A similar series of reactions was performed starting with anions A and B and 4-methoxystyryl bromide and iodide. Significant differences in the reactivity of derivatives of the two carborane anions were rationalized with DFT computational results. Application of the difunctionalized carboranes as building blocks was demonstrated through preparation of two ionic liquid crystals. The extensive synthetic work is accompanied by single crystal XRD analysis of six derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Jakubowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of, Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland.,Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - Anna Pietrzak
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA.,Faculty of Chemistry, Łódź University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
| | - Andrienne C Friedli
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - Piotr Kaszyński
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of, Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland.,Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA.,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403, Łódź, Poland
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6
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Shmal’ko AV, Sivaev IB. Chemistry of Carba-closo-decaborate Anions [CB9H10]– (Review). RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023619140067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Żurawiński R, Jakubowski R, Domagała S, Kaszyński P, Woźniak K. Regioselective Functionalization of the [ closo-1-CB 9H 10] - Anion through Iodonium Zwitterions. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:10442-10456. [PMID: 30067341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of [ closo-1-CB9H9-1-R]- (2, R = H, COOH, C5H11) with PhI(OAc)2 lead to mixtures of regioisomers [ closo-1-CB9H8-1-R-6-IPh] (5[6]) and [ closo-1-CB9H8-1-R-10-IPh] (5[10]) in ratios of ∼3:1 to 1:1, of which the former isomer undergoes selective reactions with nucleophiles (MeCN, pyridine, MeC(═NH)NH2, CN-). The products and the unreacted 10-isomers 5[10] are separated achieving kinetic resolution of the isomeric iodonium zwitterions. Pure 5[10] is reacted with nucleophiles (pyridine, 4-C7H15OPyridine, Me2NCHS, PhCO2-, CN-, N3-, I-, MeC(═NH)NH2, and MeCN), giving substitution products. The mechanism of the substitution is investigated with density functional theory (DFT) methods. Some of the nucleophilic substitution products are transformed further, expanding the scope of available functional groups for the [ closo-1-CB9H10]- anion. Four derivatives are characterized with single-crystal XRD methods: [ closo-1-CB9H9-10-N2] (4[10]a), [ closo-1-CB9H9-6-NC5H5] (9[6]a), [ closo-1-CB9H9-10-NC5H5] (9[10]a), and [ closo-1-CB9H9-10-NHC(NH2)Me] (10[10]a). Spectroscopic data for selected derivatives are interpreted in terms of transmission of electronic effects through the { closo-1-CB9} cluster (NMR) and interaction with substituents (IR, UV). The latter results are compared to those of TD-DFT computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remigiusz Żurawiński
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies , Polish Academy of Sciences , 90-363 Łódź , Poland.,Department of Chemistry , Middle Tennessee State University , Murfreesboro , Tennessee 37130 , United States
| | - Rafał Jakubowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies , Polish Academy of Sciences , 90-363 Łódź , Poland.,Department of Chemistry , Middle Tennessee State University , Murfreesboro , Tennessee 37130 , United States
| | - Sławomir Domagała
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warsaw , 02-089 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Piotr Kaszyński
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies , Polish Academy of Sciences , 90-363 Łódź , Poland.,Department of Chemistry , Middle Tennessee State University , Murfreesboro , Tennessee 37130 , United States.,Faculty of Chemistry , University of Łódź , 91-403 Łódź , Poland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warsaw , 02-089 Warsaw , Poland
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Rzeszotarska E, Novozhilova I, Kaszyński P. Convenient Synthesis of [closo-B10H9-1-I]2– and [closo-B10H8-1,10-I2]2– Anions. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:14351-14356. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Rzeszotarska
- Centre of Molecular
and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza
112, 90363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Irina Novozhilova
- Organic Materials Research Group, Department
of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
| | - Piotr Kaszyński
- Centre of Molecular
and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza
112, 90363 Łódź, Poland
- Organic Materials Research Group, Department
of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91403 Łódź, Poland
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9
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Kleinsasser JF, Fisher SP, Tham FS, Lavallo V. On the Reactivity of the Carba‐
closo
‐dodecaborate Anion with the Trityl Cation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack F. Kleinsasser
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside 92521 Riverside CA USA
| | - Steven P. Fisher
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside 92521 Riverside CA USA
| | - Fook S. Tham
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside 92521 Riverside CA USA
| | - Vincent Lavallo
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside 92521 Riverside CA USA
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10
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Silver(I) Complexes of 12-Phenylalkynyl- and 12-Triisopropylalkynylcarba-closo-dodecaborate Anions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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