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Song MX, Ji Y, Zhang HH, Liu XH, Yang JY, Guo XL, Wang J, Qin ZK, Bai FQ. A theoretical study of a series of iridium complexes with methyl or nitro-substituted 2-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridine ligands with the low-efficiency roll-off performance. Chem Phys Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2023.140465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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2
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Jayabharathi J, Thanikachalam V, Thilagavathy S. Phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices: Iridium based emitter materials – An overview. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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3
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Vivancos Á, Bautista D, González-Herrero P. Phosphorescent Tris-cyclometalated Pt(IV) Complexes with Mesoionic N-Heterocyclic Carbene and 2-Arylpyridine Ligands. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:12033-12042. [PMID: 35860839 PMCID: PMC9377419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, structure, photophysical properties, and electrochemistry of the first series of Pt(IV) tris-chelates bearing cyclometalated aryl-NHC ligands are reported. The complexes have the general formula [Pt(trz)2(C∧N)]+, combining two units of the cyclometalated, mesoionic aryl-NHC ligand 4-butyl-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene (trz) with a cyclometalated 2-arylpyridine [C∧N = 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine (dfppy), 2-phenylpyridine (ppy), 2-(p-tolyl)pyridine (tpy), 2-(2-thienyl)pyridine (thpy), 2-(9,9-dimethylfluoren-2-yl)pyridine (flpy)], and presenting a mer arrangement or metalated aryls. They exhibit a significant photostability under UV irradiation and long-lived phosphorescence in the blue to yellow color range, arising from 3LC excited states involving the C∧N ligands, with quantum yields of up to 0.34 in fluid solution and 0.77 in the rigid matrix at 298 K. The time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations reveal that nonemissive, deactivating excited states of ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) character are pushed to high energies as a consequence of the strong σ-donating ability of the carbenic moieties, making the Pt(trz)2 subunit an essential structural component that enables efficient emissions from the chromophoric C∧N ligands, with potential application for the development of different Pt(IV) emitters with tunable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Vivancos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 19, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Delia Bautista
- Área Científica y Técnica de Investigación, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 21, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo González-Herrero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 19, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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4
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van Vuuren E, Malan FP, Landman M. Multidentate NHC complexes of group IX metals featuring carbon-based tethers: Synthesis and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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5
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Theoretical study on the electronic structure and photophysical properties of a series of iridium(III) complexes bearing non-planar tetradentate chelate and substituted bipyrazolate chelate ligands. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Singh VK, Donthireddy SNR, Illam PM, Rit A. Transition metal complexes of a bis(carbene) ligand featuring 1,2,4-triazolin-5-ylidene donors: structural diversity and catalytic applications. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:11958-11970. [PMID: 32812607 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02142c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dialkylation of the 1,3-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)benzene with ethyl bromide results in the formation of [L-H2]Br2 which, upon salt metathesis with NH4PF6, readily yields the bis(triazolium) salt [L-H2](PF6)2 with non-coordinating counterions. [L-H2](PF6)2 and Ag2O react in a 1 : 1 ratio to yield a binuclear AgI-tetracarbene complex of the composition [(L)2Ag2](PF6)2 which undergoes a facile transmetalation reaction with [Cu(SMe2)Br] to deliver the corresponding CuI-NHC complex [(L)2Cu2](PF6)2. In contrast, the [L-H2]Br2 reacts with [Ir(Cp*)Cl2]2 to generate a doubly C-H activated IrIII-NHC complex 5. Similarly, the triazolinylidene donor supported diorthometalated RuII-complex 6 is also obtained. Complexes 5 and 6 represent the first examples of a stable diorthometalated binuclear IrIII/RuII-complex supported by 1,2,4-triazolin-5-ylidene donors. The synthesized IrIII-NHC complex 5 is found to be more effective than its RuII-analogue (6) for the reduction of a range of alkenes/alkynes via the transfer hydrogenation strategy. Conversely, RuII-complex 6 is identified as an efficient catalyst (0.01 mol% loading) for the β-alkylation of a wide range of secondary alcohols using primary alcohols as alkylating partners via a borrowing hydrogen strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
| | - S N R Donthireddy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
| | | | - Arnab Rit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
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Hutchinson SM, Ardón-Muñoz LG, Ratliff ML, Bolliger JL. Catalytic Preparation of 1-Aryl-Substituted 1,2,4-Triazolium Salts. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:17923-17933. [PMID: 31681902 PMCID: PMC6822220 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Diaryl- and 1-aryl-4-alkyl-substituted 1,2,4-triazolium salts are convenient air-stable precursors to carbenes used both as organocatalysts or as ligands for transition metal complexes. Traditionally, they are prepared via a multistep synthetic pathway with the low-yielding formation of the triazolium ring occurring in the last step. We have developed an alternative two-step synthesis involving the conversion of a primary amine or aniline derivative to the corresponding 4-substituted triazole followed by a copper-catalyzed arylation with diaryliodonium salts. This transition metal-catalyzed arylation can be carried out under mild conditions in acetonitrile and is tolerant toward both water and oxygen. Additionally, the high functional group tolerance of the protocol described here gives easy access to triazolium salts containing heterocyclic substituents or sulfides.
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8
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Liu B, Monro S, Jabed MA, Cameron CG, Colón KL, Xu W, Kilina S, McFarland SA, Sun W. Neutral iridium(iii) complexes bearing BODIPY-substituted N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands: synthesis, photophysics, in vitro theranostic photodynamic therapy, and antimicrobial activity. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2381-2396. [PMID: 31432864 PMCID: PMC6785369 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00142e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, photophysics, and photobiological activities of a series of novel neutral heteroleptic cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes incorporating boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) substituted N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands (Ir1-Ir5) are reported. The effect of the substitution position of BODIPY on the NHC ligands, either on C4 of the phenyl ring (Ir1-Ir3) or C5 of the benzimidazole unit (Ir4 and Ir5), and its linker type (single or triple bond) on the photophysical properties was studied. Ir1-Ir5 exhibited BODIPY-localized intense 1IL (intraligand transition)/1MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer) absorption at 530-543 nm and 1,3IL/1,3CT (charge transfer) emission at 582-610 nm. The nanosecond transient absorption results revealed that the lowest triplet excited states of these complexes were the BODIPY-localized 3π,π* states. Complexes Ir4 and Ir5 exhibited blue-shifted 1IL absorption and 1,3IL/1,3CT emission bands compared to the corresponding absorption and emission bands in complexes Ir1 and Ir3. However, replacing the methyl substituents on N3 of benzimidazole in complexes Ir1 and Ir4 with oligoether substituents in Ir3 and Ir5, respectively, did not impact the energies of the low-energy absorption and emission bands in the corresponding complexes. Water-soluble complexes Ir3 and Ir5 have been explored as photosensitizers for in vitro photodynamic therapy (PDT) effects toward human SKMEL28 melanoma cells. Ir3 showed no dark cytotoxicity (EC50 > 300 μM) but good photocytotoxic activity (9.66 ± 0.28 μM), whereas Ir5 exhibited a higher dark cytotoxicity (20.2 ± 1.26 μM) and excellent photocytotoxicity (0.15 ± 0.01 μM). The phototherapeutic indices with visible light (400-700 nm) activation were >31 for Ir3 and 135 for Ir5. Ir3 and Ir5 displayed 1O2 quantum yields of 38% and 22% in CH3CN, respectively, upon 450 nm excitation. Ir5 was more effective at generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro. Ir5 was also active against Staphylococcus aureus upon visible light activation, with a phototherapeutic index of >15 and EC50 value of 6.67 μM. These photobiological activities demonstrated that these neutral Ir(iii) complexes are promising in vitro PDT reagents, and substitution at C5 on the benzimidazole group of the NHC ligand was superior to C4 substitution on the phenyl ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA.
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9
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Coppo RL, Zanoni KP, Murakami Iha NY. Unraveling the luminescence of new heteroleptic Ir(III) cyclometalated series. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Vivancos Á, Bautista D, González-Herrero P. Luminescent Platinum(IV) Complexes Bearing Cyclometalated 1,2,3-Triazolylidene and Bi- or Terdentate 2,6-Diarylpyridine Ligands. Chemistry 2019; 25:6014-6025. [PMID: 30807669 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, structure, and photophysical properties of luminescent PtIV complexes that combine cyclometalated 1,2,3-triazolylidene and bi- or terdentate 2,6-diarylpyridine ligands are reported. The targeted complexes represent the first examples of PtIV species with a cyclometalated mesoionic aryl-NHC ligand. They exhibit moderate or weak emissions in fluid solution at 298 K arising from 3 LC states, which become very intense in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrices at 298 K. DFT and TD-DFT calculations confirm that the chromophoric ligand is the cyclometalated 2,6-diarylpyridine and show that the aryl-NHC ligand exerts a beneficial effect on the emission efficiencies of these derivatives by increasing the energy of deactivating LMCT excited states with respect to comparable PtIV complexes with cyclometalated 2-arylpyridine ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Vivancos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Apdo. 4021, 30071, Murcia, Spain
| | - Delia Bautista
- SAI, Universidad de Murcia, Apdo. 4021, 30071, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo González-Herrero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Apdo. 4021, 30071, Murcia, Spain
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11
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Li TY, Wu J, Wu ZG, Zheng YX, Zuo JL, Pan Y. Rational design of phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes for emission color tunability and their applications in OLEDs. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Na H, Teets TS. Highly Luminescent Cyclometalated Iridium Complexes Generated by Nucleophilic Addition to Coordinated Isocyanides. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6353-6360. [PMID: 29701468 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report a new class of blue-emitting cyclometalated iridium complexes supported by acyclic diaminocarbene (ADC) ancillary ligands. These neutral, tris-chelated complexes are not obtainable via traditional synthesis routes and instead are generated through metal-mediated nucleophilic addition to a metal-bound isocyanide, which is followed by orthometalation of the ADC under mild conditions. Importantly, four of the variants exhibit efficient phosphorescence when immobilized in PMMA matrix, achieving quantum yields of 79% for blue emitters with a 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine (F2ppy) C^N ligand and 30-37% for orange emitters with a 2-phenylbenzothiazole (bt) C^N ligand. Electrochemical studies demonstrate significantly higher-lying HOMO levels in the ADC complexes relative to the NHC analogues, a phenomenon that results in enhanced charge-transfer character in the excited states of the ADC complexes. This study demonstrates that ADC ancillary ligands not only give rise to new structures for Ir(III)-based phosphorescent emitters but also are promising targets for use in light-emitting devices and other thin-film optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanah Na
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Room 112 , Houston , Texas 77204-5003 , United States
| | - Thomas S Teets
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Room 112 , Houston , Texas 77204-5003 , United States
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13
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Huckaba AJ, Senes A, Aghazada S, Babaei A, Meskers SCJ, Zimmermann I, Schouwink P, Gasilova N, Janssen RAJ, Bolink HJ, Nazeeruddin MK. Bis(arylimidazole) Iridium Picolinate Emitters and Preferential Dipole Orientation in Films. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:2673-2682. [PMID: 29623303 PMCID: PMC5879467 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The straightforward synthesis and photophysical properties of a new series of heteroleptic iridium(III) bis(2-arylimidazole) picolinate complexes are reported. Each complex has been characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, UV-vis, cyclic voltammetry, and photoluminescent angle dependency, and the emissive properties of each are described. The preferred orientation of transition dipoles in emitter/host thin films indicated more preferred orientation than homoleptic complex Ir(ppy)3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron J. Huckaba
- Group
for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute
of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale
de Lausanne Valais Wallis, Rue de l’Indutrie 17, 1950 Sion, Valais, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Senes
- Holst
Centre/TNO, High Tech
Campus 31, P.O. Box 8550, 5605 KN Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sadig Aghazada
- Group
for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute
of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale
de Lausanne Valais Wallis, Rue de l’Indutrie 17, 1950 Sion, Valais, Switzerland
| | - Azin Babaei
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, c/Catedrático J. Beltrán
2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Stefan C. J. Meskers
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Iwan Zimmermann
- Group
for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute
of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale
de Lausanne Valais Wallis, Rue de l’Indutrie 17, 1950 Sion, Valais, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Schouwink
- Group
for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute
of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale
de Lausanne Valais Wallis, Rue de l’Indutrie 17, 1950 Sion, Valais, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Gasilova
- Group
for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute
of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale
de Lausanne Valais Wallis, Rue de l’Indutrie 17, 1950 Sion, Valais, Switzerland
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J. Bolink
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, c/Catedrático J. Beltrán
2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Group
for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute
of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale
de Lausanne Valais Wallis, Rue de l’Indutrie 17, 1950 Sion, Valais, Switzerland
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14
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Elie M, Renaud JL, Gaillard S. N -Heterocyclic carbene transition metal complexes in light emitting devices. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Zanoni KPS, Ito A, Grüner M, Murakami Iha NY, de Camargo ASS. Photophysical dynamics of the efficient emission and photosensitization of [Ir(pqi)2(NN)]+complexes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:1179-1188. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03930a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rational photophysical investigation through experimental and theoretical analyses reveals the photophysical dynamics of the highly-emissive [Ir(pqi)2(NN)]+complex series, with remarkable emission quantum yields and efficient generation of singlet oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassio P. S. Zanoni
- Laboratório de Espectroscopia de Materiais Funcionais
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Akitaka Ito
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering and Research Center for Material Science and Engineering
- Kochi University of Technology
- Kochi 782-8502
- Japan
| | - Malte Grüner
- Laboratório de Espectroscopia de Materiais Funcionais
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Neyde Y. Murakami Iha
- Laboratório de Fotoquímica e Conversão de Energia
- Departamento de Química Fundamental
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Paulo
| | - Andrea S. S. de Camargo
- Laboratório de Espectroscopia de Materiais Funcionais
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Carlos
- Brazil
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16
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Real Sociedad Española de Química Prizes 2016. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:13643-13644. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Preise der Real Sociedad Española de Química für 2016. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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