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Omondi RO, Jaganyi D, Ojwach SO. Electronic and ring size effects of N-heterocyclic carbenes on the kinetics of ligand substitution reactions and DNA/protein interactions of their palladium(II) complexes. Biometals 2023; 36:1109-1123. [PMID: 37184626 PMCID: PMC10545578 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00507-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, substitution kinetics and DNA/BSA interactions of four cationic Pd(II) complexes [Pd(1)Cl]BF4 (Pd1), [Pd(2)Cl]BF4 (Pd2), [Pd(3)Cl]BF4 (Pd3) and [Pd(4)Cl]BF4 (Pd4), derived from the reaction of [PdCl2(NCCH3)2] with ligands 2,6-bis(3-methylimidazolium-1-yl)pyridine dibromide (1), 2,6-bis(3-ethylimidazolium-1-yl)pyridine dibromide (2), 2,6-bis(1-methylimidazole-2-thione)pyridine (3), and 2,6-bis(1-ethylimidazole-2-thione)pyridine (4), respectively are reported. The complexes were characterised by various spectroscopic techniques and single crystal X-ray diffraction for compound Pd2. Kinetic reactivity of the complexes with the biologically relevant nucleophiles thiourea (Tu), L-methionine (L-Met) and guanosine 5'-monophosphate sodium salt (5'-GMP) was in the order: Pd1 > Pd2 > Pd3 > Pd4, which was largely dependent on the electronic and ring size of the chelate ligands, consistent with Density functional theory (DFT) simulations. The interactions of the complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding titrations showed strong binding. Both the experimental and in silico data reveal CT-DNA intercalative binding mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinner O Omondi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa
| | - Deogratius Jaganyi
- School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Mount Kenya University, P.O. Box 342-01000, Thika, Kenya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Stephen O Ojwach
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa.
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Mageed AH, Al-Ameed K. Synthesis, structural studies and computational evaluation of cyclophanes incorporating imidazole-2-selones. RSC Adv 2023; 13:17282-17296. [PMID: 37323874 PMCID: PMC10265033 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02913a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We report new cyclophanes containing imidazole-2-selone groups linked by xylylene rings. A set of imidazole-2-selone cyclophanes is synthesized by reaction corresponding to imidazolium cyclophanes with selenium in the presence of K2CO3. The structural behavior of the new imidazole-2-selone cyclophanes was determined by 1H and 13C NMR spectra and X-ray diffraction studies. Cyclophanes incorporating o-xylylene or mesitylene-m-cyclophane linked by selone groups were mutually syn in both the solid state and solution, and the cyclophanes showed a conformation similar to the cone conformation of calix[4]arenes. Cyclophanes incorporating p-xylylene or m-xylylene linked by selone groups showed two conformations in the solution: one mutually syn and the other mutually anti. There was no interconversion for both conformations observed on the NMR timescale. In the solid state, three conformations were detected for the p-xylylene-linked cyclophane: one is mutually syn and the other two are mutually anti and partial cone conformations. In the m-xylylene-linked case, only anti-conformation was characterized in the solid state. A density functional analysis was conducted to interpret the stability of the studied compounds and shed light on their origin. The energy preference analysis is in consistent agreement with the observed geometries and their co-existence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hassoon Mageed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Kufa P. O. Box 21 Najaf 54001 Iraq
| | - Karrar Al-Ameed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Kufa P. O. Box 21 Najaf 54001 Iraq
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Synthesis, characterization, and miRNA-mediated PI3K suppressing activity of novel cisplatin-derived complexes of selenones. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Quinlivan PJ, Chaijan MR, Palmer JH, Shlian DG, Parkin G. Coordination of 1-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2 H-benzimidazole-2-selone to zinc and cadmium: Monotonic and non-monotonic bond length variations for [H(sebenzim Me)] 2MCl 2 complexes (M = Zn, Cd, Hg). Polyhedron 2019; 164:185-194. [PMID: 31333278 PMCID: PMC6644719 DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of 1-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazole-2-selone, H(sebenzimMe), towards the zinc and cadmium halides, MX2 (M = Zn, Cd; X = Cl, Br, I), afford the adducts, [H(sebenzimMe)]2MX2, which have been structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction. The halide ligands of each of these complexes participate in hydrogen bonding interactions with the imidazole N-H moieties, although the nature of the interactions depends on the halide. Specifically, the chloride and bromide derivatives, [H(sebenzimMe)]2ZnX2 and [H(sebenzimMe)]2CdX2 (X = Cl, Br), exhibit two intramolecular N-H•••X interactions, whereas the iodide derivatives, [H(sebenzimMe)]2ZnI2 and [H(sebenzimMe)]2CdI2, exhibit only one intramolecular N-H•••I interaction. Comparison of the M-Se and M-Cl bond lengths of the chloride series, [H(sebenzimMe)]2MCl2 (M = Zn, Cd, Hg), indicates that while the average M-Cl bond lengths progressively increase as the metal becomes heavier, the variation in M-Se bond length exhibits a non-monotonic trend, with the Cd-Se bond being the longest. These different trends provide an interesting subtlety concerned with use of covalent radii in predicting bond length differences. In addition to tetrahedral [H(sebenzimMe)]2CdCl2, [H(sebenzimMe)]3,CdCl2•[H(sebenzim)Me]4CdCl2, which features both five-coordinate and six-coordinate coordinate centers, has also been structurally characterized. Finally, the reaction between CdI2 and H(sebenzimMe) at elevated temperatures affords the 1-methylbenzimidazole complex, [H(sebenzimMe)]-[H(benzimMe)]CdI2, a transformation that is associated with cleavage of the C-Se bond.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joshua H Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Daniel G Shlian
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Gerard Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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Doddi A, Peters M, Tamm M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Adducts of Main Group Elements and Their Use as Ligands in Transition Metal Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6994-7112. [PMID: 30983327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) are nowadays ubiquitous and indispensable in many research fields, and it is not possible to imagine modern transition metal and main group element chemistry without the plethora of available NHCs with tailor-made electronic and steric properties. While their suitability to act as strong ligands toward transition metals has led to numerous applications of NHC complexes in homogeneous catalysis, their strong σ-donating and adaptable π-accepting abilities have also contributed to an impressive vitalization of main group chemistry with the isolation and characterization of NHC adducts of almost any element. Formally, NHC coordination to Lewis acids affords a transfer of nucleophilicity from the carbene carbon atom to the attached exocyclic moiety, and low-valent and low-coordinate adducts of the p-block elements with available lone pairs and/or polarized carbon-element π-bonds are able to act themselves as Lewis basic donor ligands toward transition metals. Accordingly, the availability of a large number of novel NHC adducts has not only produced new varieties of already existing ligand classes but has also allowed establishment of numerous complexes with unusual and often unprecedented element-metal bonds. This review aims at summarizing this development comprehensively and covers the usage of N-heterocyclic carbene adducts of the p-block elements as ligands in transition metal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinarayana Doddi
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marius Peters
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Yadav S, Deka R, Raju S, Singh HB. Synthesis of N-heterocyclic nitrenium (NHN) ions and related donor systems: Coordination with d10-metal ions. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yadav S, Deka R, Singh HB. Recent Developments in the Chemistry of NHC-based Selones: Syntheses, Applications and Reactivity. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.180748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Rajesh Deka
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Harkesh B. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
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Alhoshani A, Seliman AA, Altoum AO, Abuelizz HA, Ahmad S, Altaf M, Omer KH, Sohail M, Isab AA. Synthesis, X-ray structure and in vitro cytotoxicity of trans-diammineplatinum(II) complexes of selenones, trans-[Pt(NH3)2(selenone)2](NO3)2. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ritch JS. Synthesis and coordination chemistry of cyclic seleno- and telluroureas. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2017-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Chalcogenated derivatives of N-heterocyclic carbene ligands have received increasing attention due to their diverse chemical reactivity and potential applications in fields such as medicine and materials chemistry. This chapter summarizes the synthetic methods for the preparation of cyclic heavy chalcogenoureas featuring heterocyclic cores and explores their diverse coordination chemistry with p- and d-block metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie S. Ritch
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Winnipeg , 515 Portage Avenue , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3B 2E9 , Canada
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Srinivas K, Prabusankar G. Role of C, S, Se and P donor ligands in copper(i) mediated C–N and C–Si bond formation reactions. RSC Adv 2018; 8:32269-32282. [PMID: 35547503 PMCID: PMC9086264 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06057f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The first comparative study of C, S, Se and P donor ligands-supported copper(i) complexes for C–N and C–Si bond formation reactions are described. The syntheses and characterization of eight mononuclear copper(i) chalcogenone complexes, two polynuclear copper(i) chalcogenone complexes and one tetranuclear copper(i) phosphine complex are reported. All these new complexes were characterized by CHN analysis, FT-IR, UV-vis, multinuclear NMR and single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The single crystal X-ray structures of these complexes depict the existence of a wide range of coordination environments for the copper(i) center. This is the first comparative study of metal–phosphine, metal–NHC and metal–imidazolin-2-chalcogenones in C–N and C–Si bond formation reactions. Among all the catalysts, mononuclear copper(i) thione, mononuclear copper(i) N-heterocyclic carbene and tetranuclear copper(i) phosphine are exceedingly active towards the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles as well as for the cross-dehydrogenative coupling of alkynes with silanes. The cross-dehydrogenative coupling of terminal alkynes with silanes represents the first report of a catalytic process mediated by metal–imidazolin-2-chalcogenones. The first comparative study of C, S, Se and P donor ligands-supported copper(i) complexes for C–N and C–Si bond formation reactions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Katam Srinivas
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad
- India-502 285
| | - Ganesan Prabusankar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad
- India-502 285
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Perras JH, Mezibroski SMJ, Wiebe MA, Ritch JS. Diverse silver(i) coordination chemistry with cyclic selenourea ligands. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:1471-1478. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04243d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The reactions of cyclic selenoureas with silver(i) salts yield new coordination complexes with sterically-controlled solid state aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jamie S. Ritch
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Winnipeg
- Winnipeg
- Canada
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12
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Rani V, Singh HB, Butcher RJ. 3,3′-[(2-Bromo-1,3-phenylene)bis(methylene)]bis(1-butyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazole-2-selone). IUCRDATA 2017. [DOI: 10.1107/s2414314617017461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the title compound, C22H29BrN4Se2, the two Se atoms are directed in opposite directions with respect to the central benzene ring. The C=Se bond lengths at 1.848 (5) and 1.851 (5) Å are on the long side for a double bond but shorter than expected for a C—Se single bond. In the crystal, Br...Br intermolecular interactions [3.4685 (12) Å] link the molecules into a zigzag chain propagating along theb-axis direction. In addition, there are C—H...Se intermolecular interactions present, linking the chains to form slabs parallel to theabplane. One of the two butyl side chains is disordered over two conformations with occupancies of 0.777 (9) and 0.223 (9).
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