Pd 0 ‐ and Au 0 ‐Nanoparticles Catalyze the Reduction of Perchlorate by ·C(CH 3 ) 2 OH Radicals

DFT Study of the BH4- Hydrolysis on Au(111) Surface

The mechanism of the catalytic hydrolysis of BH₄⁻ on Au(111) as studied by DFT is reported. The results are compared to the analogous process on Ag(111) that was recently reported. It is found that the borohydride species are adsorbed stronger on the Au⁰‐NP surface than on the Ag⁰‐NP surface. The electron affinity of the Au is larger than that of Ag. The results indicate that only two steps of hydrolysis are happening on the Au(111) surface and the reaction mechanism differs significantly from that on the Ag(111) surface. These remarkable results were experimentally verified. Upon hydrolysis, only three hydrogens of BH₄⁻ are transferred to the Au surface, not all four, and H₂ generation is enhanced in the presence of surface H atoms. Thus, it is proposed that the BH₄⁻ hydrolysis and reduction mechanisms catalyzed by M⁰‐NPs depend considerably on the nature of the metal.

Catalytic enhancement of hydrogenation reduction and oxygen transfer reaction for perchlorate removal: A review

Perchlorate is the main contaminant in surface water and groundwater, and it is of current urgency to remove due to its high water solubility, mobility, and endocrine-disrupting properties. The conversion of perchlorate into harmless chloride ions by using appropriate catalysts is the most promising and effective route to overcome its high activation energy and kinetic stability. Perchlorate is usually reduced in two ways: (1) indirect reduction via oxygen atom transfer (OAT) reaction or (2) hydrodeoxygenation through highly active reducing H atoms. This paper discusses the mechanisms underlying both the OAT reaction catalyzed by homogenous rhenium-oxo complexes or biological Mo-based enzymes and the heterogeneous hydrogenation for perchlorate reduction. Particular emphasis is placed on the factors affecting the catalytic process and the synergy between the (1) and (2) reactions. For completeness, the applicability of different electrolysis devices, electrodes, and bioreactors is also illustrated. Finally, this article gives prospects for the synthesis and application of catalysts in different pathways.

New insights into HER catalysis: the effect of nano-silica support on catalysis by silver nanoparticles

Nano-silica support affects the activity of silver nanoparticles towards the hydrogen evolution reaction by (CH₃)₂COH˙ radicals.