Flowerlike Sb2S3/PPy Microspheres Used as Anode Material for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries

A quasi-3D Sb2S3/reduced graphene oxide/MXene (Ti3C2Tx) hybrid for high-rate and durable sodium-ion batteries

Antimony sulfide (Sb₂S₃) is a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) owing to its high theoretical capacity and superior reversibility. However, its cycling life and rate performance are seriously impeded by the inferior inherent electroconductibility and tremendous volume change in the charging/discharging processes. Herein, a quasi three-dimensional (3D) Sb₂S₃/RGO/MXene composite, with Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles (∼15 nm) uniformly distributed in the quasi-3D RGO/MXene architecture, was prepared by a toilless hydrothermal treatment. The RGO/MXene conductive substrate not only alleviates the volume expansion of Sb₂S₃, but also promotes electrolyte infiltration and affords highways for ion/electron transport. More importantly, the synergistic effects between RGO and Ti₃C₂T_x MXene are extremely favourable to maintain the integrity of the electrode during cycling. As a result, the Sb₂S₃/RGO/MXene composite exhibits a high reversible capacity of 633 mA h g^-1 at 0.2 A g^-1, outstanding rate capability (510.1 mA h g^-1 at 4 A g^-1) and good cycling performance with a capacity loss of 16% after 500 cycles.

Recent Advances in Antimony Sulfide-Based Nanomaterials for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries: A Mini Review

Recently, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted extensive attention as potential alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to the abundance, even distribution, low cost, and environmentally friendly nature of sodium. However, sodium ions are larger than lithium ions so that the anode materials of LIBs are not suitable for SIBs. Therefore, many negative electrode materials have been investigated. Among them, Sb₂S₃-based nanomaterials have gradually become a research focus due to their high theoretical specific capacity, good thermal stability, simple preparation, and low price. In this review, the research progress of Sb₂S₃-based nanomaterials in the SIB field in recent years is summarized, including Sb₂S₃, Sb₂S₃/carbon composites, Sb₂S₃/graphene composites, and Sb₂S₃/M_xS_y composites. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects for the development of Sb₂S₃-based nanomaterials are also put forward. We hope this review will contribute to the design and manufacture of high-performance SIBs and promote its practical application.

Engineering Nanostructured Antimony-Based Anode Materials for Sodium Ion Batteries

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered a potential alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for energy storage due to their low cost and the large abundance of sodium resources. The search for new anode materials for SIBs has become a vital approach to satisfying the ever-growing demands for better performance with higher energy/power densities, improved safety and a longer cycle life. Recently, antimony (Sb) has been extensively researched as a promising candidate due to its high specific capacity through an alloying/dealloying process. In this review article, we will focus on different categories of the emerging Sb based anode materials with distinct sodium storage mechanisms including Sb, two-dimensional antimonene and antimony chalcogenide (Sb2S3 and Sb2Se3). For each part, we emphasize that the novel construction of an advanced nanostructured anode with unique structures could effectively improve sodium storage properties. We also highlight that sodium storage capability can be enhanced through designing advanced nanocomposite materials containing Sb based materials and other carbonaceous modification or metal supports. Moreover, the recent advances in operando/in-situ investigation of its sodium storage mechanism are also summarized. By providing such a systematic probe, we aim to stress the significance of novel nanostructures and advanced compositing that would contribute to enhanced sodium storage performance, thus making Sb based materials as promising anodes for next-generation high-performance SIBs.

Two-dimensional fence-like Co-doped NiSe2/C nanosheets as an anode for half/full sodium-ion batteries

Two-dimensional fence-like Co-NiSe₂/C nanosheets are fabricated by a facile solvothermal method and followed a selenization strategy. It displays excellent long-term cycle life, rate capability and full cell performance when used as anode for SIBs.

Synthesis of Porous Ni-Doped CoSe2 /C Nanospheres towards High-Rate and Long-Term Sodium-Ion Half/Full Batteries

Carbon-layer-coated porous Ni-doped CoSe₂ (Ni-CoSe₂ /C) nanospheres have been fabricated by a facile hydrothermal method followed by a new selenization strategy. The porous structure of Ni-CoSe₂ /C is formed by the aggregation of many small particles (20-40 nm), which are not tightly packed together, but are interspersed with gaps. Moreover, the surfaces of these small particles are covered with a thin carbon layer. Ni-CoSe₂ /C delivers superior rate performance (314.0 mA h g^-1 at 20 A g^-1 ), ultra-long cycle life (316.1 mA h g^-1 at 10 A g^-1 after 8000 cycles), and excellent full-cell performance (208.3 mA h g^-1 at 0.5 A g^-1 after 70 cycles) when used as an anode material for half/full sodium-ion batteries. The Na storage mechanism and kinetics have been confirmed by ex situ X-ray diffraction analysis, assessment of capacitance performance, and a galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT). GITT shows that Na⁺ diffusion in the electrode material is a dynamic change process, which is associated with a phase transition during charge and discharge. The excellent electrochemical performance suggests that the porous Ni-CoSe₂ /C nanospheres have great potential to serve as an electrode material for sodium-ion batteries.

Colloidal Antimony Sulfide Nanoparticles as a High-Performance Anode Material for Li-ion and Na-ion Batteries

To maximize the anodic charge storage capacity of Li-ion and Na-ion batteries (LIBs and SIBs, respectively), the conversion-alloying-type Sb2S3 anode has attracted considerable interest because of its merits of a high theoretical capacity of 946 mAh g-1 and a suitable anodic lithiation/delithiation voltage window of 0.1-2 V vs. Li+/Li. Recent advances in nanostructuring of the Sb2S3 anode provide an effective way of mitigating the challenges of structure conversion and volume expansion upon lithiation/sodiation that severely hinder the Sb2S3 cycling stability. In this context, we report uniformly sized colloidal Sb2S3 nanoparticles (NPs) as a model Sb2S3 anode material for LIBs and SIBs to investigate the effect of the primary particle size on the electrochemical performance of the Sb2S3 anode. We found that compared with microcrystalline Sb2S3, smaller ca. 20-25 nm and ca. 180-200 nm Sb2S3 NPs exhibit enhanced cycling stability as anode materials in both rechargeable LIBs and SIBs. Importantly, for the ca. 20-25 nm Sb2S3 NPs, a high initial Li-ion storage capacity of 742 mAh g-1 was achieved at a current density of 2.4 A g-1. At least 55% of this capacity was retained after 1200 cycles, which is among the most stable performance Sb2S3 anodes for LIBs.

Amorphous Sb2S3 Nanospheres In-Situ Grown on Carbon Nanotubes: Anodes for NIBs and KIBs

Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) with a high theoretical capacity is considered as a promising candidate for Na-ion batteries (NIBs) and K-ion batteries (KIBs). However, its poor electrochemical activity and structural stability are the main issues to be solved. Herein, amorphous Sb2S3 nanospheres/carbon nanotube (Sb2S3/CNT) nanocomposites are successfully synthesized via one step self-assembly method. In-situ growth of amorphous Sb2S3 nanospheres on the CNTs is confirmed by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The amorphous Sb2S3/CNT nanocomposites as an anode for NIBs exhibit excellent electrochemical performance, delivering a high charge capacity of 870 mA h g-1 at 100 mA g-1, with an initial coulomb efficiency of 77.8%. Even at 3000 mA g-1, a charge capacity of 474 mA h g-1 can be achieved. As an anode for KIBs, the amorphous Sb2S3/CNT nanocomposites also demonstrate a high charge capacity of 451 mA h g-1 at 25 mA g-1. The remarkable performance of the amorphous Sb2S3/CNT nanocomposites is attributed to the synergic effects of the amorphous Sb2S3 nanospheres and 3D porous conductive network constructed by the CNTs.

Sb₂S₃@PPy Coaxial Nanorods: A Versatile and Robust Host Material for Reversible Storage of Alkali Metal Ions

Chalcogenides have attracted great attention as functional materials in optics, electronics, and energy-related applications due to their typical semiconductor properties. Among those chalcogenides, Sb₂S₃ holds great promise in energy storage field, especially as an anode material for alkali metal (Li, Na, and K) batteries. In this work, a one-dimensional coaxial Sb₂S₃@PPy is investigated as a versatile and robust anode in three kinds of alkali metal batteries for the first time, and the energy storage mechanism of these batteries is systematically discussed. As an anode material for sodium ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium ion batteries (KIBs), Sb₂S₃@PPy exhibits high reversible capacity and impressive cycle lifespan. Sb₂S₃@PPy anode demonstrates an adsorption behavior that has a significant influence on its sodium storage behavior, providing a universal model for studying the application of chalcogenide compounds.

Natural stibnite ore (Sb2S3) embedded in sulfur-doped carbon sheets: enhanced electrochemical properties as anode for sodium ions storage

Antimony sulfide (Sb₂S₃) has drawn widespread attention as an ideal candidate anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its high specific capacity of 946 mA h g⁻¹ in conversion and alloy reactions. Nevertheless, volume expansion, a common flaw for conversion-alloy type materials during the sodiation and desodiation processes, is bad for the structure of materials and thus obstructs the application of antimony sulfide in energy storage. A common approach to solve this problem is by introducing carbon or other matrices as buffer material. However, the common preparation of Sb₂S₃ could result in environmental pollution and excessive energy consumption in most cases. To incorporate green chemistry, natural stibnite ore (Sb₂S₃) after modification via carbon sheets was applied as a first-hand material in SIBs through a facile and efficient strategy. The unique composites exhibited an outstanding electrochemical performance with a higher reversible capacity, a better rate capability, as well as an excellent cycling stability compared to that of the natural stibnite ore. In short, the study is expected to offer a new approach to improve Sb₂S₃ composites as an anode in SIBs and a reference for the development of natural ore as a first-hand material in energy storage.

Antimony sulfide (Sb₂S₃) has drawn widespread attention as an ideal candidate anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its high specific capacity of 946 mA h g⁻¹ in conversion and alloy reactions.

A graphite-modified natural stibnite mineral as a high-performance anode material for sodium-ion storage

Recently, Sb₂S₃ has drawn extensive interest in the energy storage domain due to its high theoretical capacity of 946 mA h g⁻¹. However, the inherent disadvantages of serious volume expansion and poor conductivity restrict the development of Sb₂S₃ for its application in SIBs. In addition, chemical synthesis is a main method to prepare Sb₂S₃, which is commonly accompanied by environmental pollution and excessive energy consumption. Herein, the natural stibnite mineral was directly applied in SIBs after modification with graphite via an effective and facile approach. The novel composites exhibited excellent electrochemical properties with higher reversible capacity, better rate capability and more outstanding cycling stability than the bare natural stibnite mineral. Briefly, this study is anticipated to provide a reference for the development of natural minerals as first-hand materials in energy storage and a new approach to improve natural stibnite mineral composites for their application as anodes in SIBs.

The natural stibnite mineral modified with graphite provides a reference for the development of natural mineral as first-hand materials in energy storage and a new approach to improve natural stibnite mineral composites as anode in SIBs.