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Licciardi G, Rizzo D, Salobehaj M, Massai L, Geri A, Messori L, Ravera E, Fragai M, Parigi G. Large Protein Assemblies for High-Relaxivity Contrast Agents: The Case of Gadolinium-Labeled Asparaginase. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:2411-2419. [PMID: 36458591 PMCID: PMC9782335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Biologics are emerging as the most important class of drugs and are used to treat a large variety of pathologies. Most of biologics are proteins administered in large amounts, either by intramuscular injection or by intravenous infusion. Asparaginase is a large tetrameric protein assembly, currently used against acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Here, a gadolinium(III)-DOTA derivative has been conjugated to asparaginase, and its relaxation properties have been investigated to assess its efficiency as a possible theranostic agent. The field-dependent 1H longitudinal relaxation measurements of water solutions of gadolinium(III)-labeled asparaginase indicate a very large increase in the relaxivity of this paramagnetic protein complex with respect to small gadolinium chelates, opening up the possibility of its use as an MRI contrast agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Licciardi
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy,Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy,Consorzio
Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy
| | - Domenico Rizzo
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy,Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy,Consorzio
Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy
| | - Maria Salobehaj
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy,Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy,Consorzio
Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy
| | - Lara Massai
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy
| | - Andrea Geri
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy
| | - Luigi Messori
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy
| | - Enrico Ravera
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy,Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy,Consorzio
Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy
| | - Marco Fragai
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy,Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy,Consorzio
Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy
| | - Giacomo Parigi
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy,Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy,Consorzio
Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy,
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Lalli D, Hawala I, Ricci M, Carniato F, D'Andrea LD, Tei L, Botta M. Derivatives of GdAAZTA Conjugated to Amino Acids: A Multinuclear and Multifrequency NMR Study. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13199-13209. [PMID: 35944034 PMCID: PMC9400103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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The GdAAZTA (AAZTA = 6-amino-6-methylperhydro-1,4-diazepinetetraacetic
acid) complex represents a platform of great interest for the design
of innovative MRI probes due to its remarkable magnetic properties,
thermodynamic stability, kinetic inertness, and high chemical versatility.
Here, we detail the synthesis and characterization of new derivatives
functionalized with four amino acids with different molecular weights
and charges: l-serine, l-cysteine, l-lysine,
and l-glutamic acid. The main reason for conjugating these
moieties to the ligand AAZTA is the in-depth study of the chemical
properties in aqueous solution of model compounds that mimic complex
structures based on polypeptide fragments used in molecular imaging
applications. The analysis of the 1H NMR spectra of the
corresponding Eu(III)-complexes indicates the presence of a single
isomeric species in solution, and measurements of the luminescence
lifetimes show that functionalization with amino acid residues maintains
the hydration state of the parent complex unaltered (q = 2). The relaxometric properties of the Gd(III) chelates were analyzed
by multinuclear and multifrequency NMR techniques to evaluate the
molecular parameters that determine their performance as MRI probes.
The relaxivity values of all of the novel chelates are higher than
that of GdAAZTA over the entire range of applied magnetic fields because
of the slower rotational dynamics. Data obtained in reconstituted
human serum indicate the occurrence of weak interactions with the
proteins, which result in larger relaxivity values at the typical
imaging fields. Finally, all of the new complexes are characterized
by excellent chemical stability in biological matrices over time,
by the absence of transmetallation processes, or the formation of
ternary complexes with oxyanions of biological relevance. In particular,
the kinetic stability of the new complexes, measured by monitoring
the release of Gd3+ in the presence of a large excess of
Zn2+, is ca. two orders of magnitude higher than that of
the clinical MRI contrast agent GdDTPA. Novel
GdAAZTA derivatives conjugated to four amino acids
were synthesized and characterized through a multi-technique approach.
The complexes maintained the favorable thermodynamic and kinetic properties
of the parent compound and showed higher relaxivity values in clinical
fields. Therefore, they represent a useful model of more complex bio-conjugated
structures used in molecular imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.,Magnetic Resonance Platform (PRISMA-UPO), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Ivan Hawala
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, Fourth Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Marco Ricci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Fabio Carniato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.,Magnetic Resonance Platform (PRISMA-UPO), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Luca D D'Andrea
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "G. Natta", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via M. Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tei
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Mauro Botta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.,Magnetic Resonance Platform (PRISMA-UPO), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
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Martinelli J, Boccalon M, Horvath D, Esteban-Gomez D, Platas-Iglesias C, Baranyai Z, Tei L. The critical role of ligand topology: strikingly different properties of Gd( iii) complexes with regioisomeric AAZTA derivatives. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00451h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Two regioisomeric Gd(III) complexes with heptadentate AAZTA-like ligands show different hydration state (q = 1 and 2) and astonishingly different thermodynamic stability and dissociation kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Mariangela Boccalon
- Bracco Research Centre, Bracco Imaging S.p.A., Via Ribes 5, 10010, Colleretto Giacosa, Italy
| | - David Horvath
- Bracco Research Centre, Bracco Imaging S.p.A., Via Ribes 5, 10010, Colleretto Giacosa, Italy
- University of Debrecen, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physical Chemistry, Doctoral School of Chemistry, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - David Esteban-Gomez
- Universidade da Coruña, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química Fundamental, Facultade de Ciencias, 15071, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Universidade da Coruña, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química Fundamental, Facultade de Ciencias, 15071, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Zsolt Baranyai
- Bracco Research Centre, Bracco Imaging S.p.A., Via Ribes 5, 10010, Colleretto Giacosa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tei
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
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Harris M, Kolanowski JL, O'Neill ES, Henoumont C, Laurent S, Parac-Vogt TN, New EJ. Drawing on biology to inspire molecular design: a redox-responsive MRI probe based on Gd(iii)-nicotinamide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12986-12989. [PMID: 30387480 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07092j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel, reversible redox-active MRI probe, GdNR1, has been developed for the study of redox changes associated with diseased states. This system exhibits switching in relaxivity upon reduction and oxidation of the appended nicotinimidium. Relaxivity studies and cyclic voltammetry confirmed the impressive reversibility of this system, at a biologically-relevant reduction potential. A 2.5-fold increase in relaxivity was observed upon reduction of the complex, which corresponds to a change in the number of inner-sphere water molecules, as confirmed by luminescence lifetimes of the Eu(iii) analogue and NMRD studies. This is the first example of a redox-responsive MRI probe utilising the biologically-inspired nicotinimidium redox switch. In the future this strategy could enable the non-invasive identification of hypoxic tissue and related cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Harris
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnlaan 200F, Heverlee 3001, Belgium
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