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Wang J, Gadenne V, Patrone L, Raimundo JM. Self-Assembled Monolayers of Push-Pull Chromophores as Active Layers and Their Applications. Molecules 2024; 29:559. [PMID: 38338304 PMCID: PMC10856137 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, considerable attention has been focused on the design and development of surfaces with defined or tunable properties for a wide range of applications and fields. To this end, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of organic compounds offer a unique and straightforward route of modifying and engineering the surface properties of any substrate. Thus, alkane-based self-assembled monolayers constitute one of the most extensively studied organic thin-film nanomaterials, which have found wide applications in antifouling surfaces, the control of wettability or cell adhesion, sensors, optical devices, corrosion protection, and organic electronics, among many other applications, some of which have led to their technological transfer to industry. Nevertheless, recently, aromatic-based SAMs have gained importance as functional components, particularly in molecular electronics, bioelectronics, sensors, etc., due to their intrinsic electrical conductivity and optical properties, opening up new perspectives in these fields. However, some key issues affecting device performance still need to be resolved to ensure their full use and access to novel functionalities such as memory, sensors, or active layers in optoelectronic devices. In this context, we will present herein recent advances in π-conjugated systems-based self-assembled monolayers (e.g., push-pull chromophores) as active layers and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlong Wang
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM, AMUTech, 13288 Marseille, France;
- ISEN, Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IM2NP, AMUtech, 83041 Toulon ou Marseille, France;
| | - Virginie Gadenne
- ISEN, Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IM2NP, AMUtech, 83041 Toulon ou Marseille, France;
| | - Lionel Patrone
- ISEN, Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IM2NP, AMUtech, 83041 Toulon ou Marseille, France;
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2
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Vaz B, Pérez-Lorenzo M. Unraveling Structure-Performance Relationships in Porphyrin-Sensitized TiO 2 Photocatalysts. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1097. [PMID: 36985991 PMCID: PMC10059665 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, porphyrins have arisen as exceptional photosensitizers given their ability to act as chlorophyll-mimicking dyes, thus, transferring energy from the light-collecting areas to the reaction centers, as it happens in natural photosynthesis. For this reason, porphyrin-sensitized TiO2-based nanocomposites have been widely exploited in the field of photovoltaics and photocatalysis in order to overcome the well-known limitations of these semiconductors. However, even though both areas of application share some common working principles, the development of solar cells has led the way in what is referred to the continuous improvement of these architectures, particularly regarding the molecular design of these photosynthetic pigments. Yet, those innovations have not been efficiently translated to the field of dye-sensitized photocatalysis. This review aims at filling this gap by performing an in-depth exploration of the most recent advances in the understanding of the role played by the different structural motifs of porphyrins as sensitizers in light-driven TiO2-mediated catalysis. With this goal in mind, the chemical transformations, as well as the reaction conditions under which these dyes must operate, are taken in consideration. The conclusions drawn from this comprehensive analysis offer valuable hints for the implementation of novel porphyrin-TiO2 composites, which may pave the way toward the fabrication of more efficient photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Vaz
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Moisés Pérez-Lorenzo
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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3
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Glymenaki E, Kandyli M, Apostolidou CP, Kokotidou C, Charalambidis G, Nikoloudakis E, Panagiotakis S, Koutserinaki E, Klontza V, Michail P, Charisiadis A, Yannakopoulou K, Mitraki A, Coutsolelos AG. Design and Synthesis of Porphyrin-Nitrilotriacetic Acid Dyads with Potential Applications in Peptide Labeling through Metallochelate Coupling. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:1803-1818. [PMID: 35071874 PMCID: PMC8771699 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The need to detect and monitor biomolecules, especially within cells, has led to the emerging growth of fluorescent probes. One of the most commonly used labeling techniques for this purpose is reversible metallochelate coupling via a nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) moiety. In this study, we focus on the synthesis and characterization of three new porphyrin-NTA dyads, TPP-Lys-NTA, TPP-CC-Lys-NTA, and Py 3 P-Lys-NTA composed of a porphyrin derivative covalently connected with a modified nitrilotriacetic acid chelate ligand (NTA), for possible metallochelate coupling with Ni2+ ions and histidine sequences. Emission spectroscopy studies revealed that all of the probes are able to coordinate with Ni2+ ions and consequently can be applied as fluorophores in protein/peptide labeling applications. Using two different histidine-containing peptides as His6-tag mimic, we demonstrated that the porphyrin-NTA hybrids are able to coordinate efficiently with the peptides through the metallochelate coupling process. Moving one step forward, we examined the ability of these porphyrin-peptide complexes to penetrate and accumulate in cancer cells, exploring the potential utilization of our system as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Glymenaki
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory
of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Kandyli
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory
of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Pinelopi Apostolidou
- Department
of Materials Science and Technology and Institute of Electronic Structure
and Laser (I.E.S.L.), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas
(FO.R.T.H.), University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Kokotidou
- Department
of Materials Science and Technology and Institute of Electronic Structure
and Laser (I.E.S.L.), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas
(FO.R.T.H.), University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgios Charalambidis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory
of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Nikoloudakis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory
of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Stylianos Panagiotakis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory
of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
- Institute
of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National
Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki 15341, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Koutserinaki
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory
of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Vithleem Klontza
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory
of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Panagiota Michail
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory
of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Asterios Charisiadis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory
of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Konstantina Yannakopoulou
- Institute
of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National
Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki 15341, Greece
| | - Anna Mitraki
- Department
of Materials Science and Technology and Institute of Electronic Structure
and Laser (I.E.S.L.), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas
(FO.R.T.H.), University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Athanassios G. Coutsolelos
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory
of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
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4
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Panagiotakis S, Mavroidi B, Athanasopoulos A, Charalambidis G, Coutsolelos AG, Paravatou-Petsotas M, Pelecanou M, Mavridis IM, Yannakopoulou K. Unsymmetrical, monocarboxyalkyl meso-arylporphyrins in the photokilling of breast cancer cells using permethyl-β-cyclodextrin as sequestrant and cell uptake modulator. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 275:118666. [PMID: 34742406 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the search for photosensitizers with chemical handles to facilitate their integration into complex drug delivery nanosystems, new, unsymmetrically substituted, water insoluble meso-tetraphenylporphyrin and meso-tetra(m-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin derivatives bearing one carboxyalkyl side chain were synthesized. Permethyl-β-cyclodextrin (pMβCD) was their ideal monomerizing host and highly efficient shuttle to transfer them into water. New assembly modes of the extremely stable (Kbinding > 1012 M-2) 2:1 complexes were identified. The complexes are photostable and do not disassemble in FBS-containing cell culture media for 24 h. Incubation of breast cancer MCF-7 cells with the complexes results in intense intracellular fluorescence, strongly enhanced in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), high photokilling efficiency (~90%) and low dark toxicity. pMβCD stands out as a very capable molecular isolator of mono-carboxyalkyl-arylporphyrins that increases uptake and modulates their localization in the cells. The most efficient porphyrins are envisaged as suitable photosensitizers that can be linked to biocompatible drug carriers for photo- and chemo-therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Panagiotakis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi 15341, Attiki, Greece.
| | - Barbara Mavroidi
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi 15341, Attiki, Greece.
| | - Alexandros Athanasopoulos
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi 15341, Attiki, Greece.
| | - Georgios Charalambidis
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Athanassios G Coutsolelos
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Maria Paravatou-Petsotas
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi 15341, Attiki, Greece.
| | - Maria Pelecanou
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi 15341, Attiki, Greece.
| | - Irene M Mavridis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi 15341, Attiki, Greece.
| | - Konstantina Yannakopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi 15341, Attiki, Greece.
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Ladomenou K, Nikolaou V, Charalambidis G, Sharma GD, Coutsolelos AG. Ru(II) porphyrins as sensitizers for DSSCs: Axial vs. peripheral carboxylate anchoring group. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842461950072x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, two porphyrin chromophores metallated with ruthenium, RuTBP and RuTBPPy, were prepared and studied as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The difference between the two dyes is the position (axial vs. peripheral) of the carboxylic anchoring group. This work examines the impact of this variation towards the optical, electrochemical and photovoltaic performance of DSSCs. The thorough photophysical and photovoltaic measurements indicated that the peripherally substituted sensitizer (RuTBP) presented higher photovoltaic performance compared to RuTBPPy. More specifically, DSSCs sensitized with RuTBP and RuTBPPy displayed an overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.12% and 4.08%, respectively. The higher PCE value of the DSSC sensitized with RuTBP is mainly attributed to the enhancement of [Formula: see text] and FF values. These factors were enhanced due to the efficient dye regeneration process, the suppression of back-charge recombination reactions and the longer electron lifetimes as evidenced from the electrochemical impedance spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Ladomenou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Hellenic Mediterranean University, Department of Agriculture, Estavromenos, 71410, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vasilis Nikolaou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgios Charalambidis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ganesh D. Sharma
- Molecular Electronics and Optoelectronics Device Research Laboratory Department of Physics, LNMIIT, Jamdoli, Jaipur, Raj, 302031, India
| | - Athanassios G. Coutsolelos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Di Carlo G, Orbelli Biroli A, Pizzotti M, Tessore F. Efficient Sunlight Harvesting by A 4 β-Pyrrolic Substituted Zn II Porphyrins: A Mini-Review. Front Chem 2019; 7:177. [PMID: 31032244 PMCID: PMC6470396 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) are a highly promising alternative to conventional photovoltaic silicon-based devices, due to the potential low cost and the interesting conversion efficiencies. A key-role is played by the dye, and porphyrin sensitizers have drawn great interest because of their excellent light harvesting properties mimicking photosynthesis. Indeed, porphyrins are characterized by strong electronic absorption bands in the visible region up to the near infrared and by long-lived π* singlet excited states. Moreover, the presence of four meso and eight β-pyrrolic positions allows a fine tuning of their photoelectrochemical properties through structural modification. Trans-A2BC push-pull ZnII porphyrins, characterized by a strong and directional electron excitation process along the push-pull system, have been extensively investigated. On the other hand, A4 β-pyrrolic substituted tetraaryl ZnII porphyrins, which incorporate a tetraaryl porphyrinic core as a starting material, have received lower attention, even if they are synthetically more attractive and show several advantages such as a more sterically hindered architecture and enhanced solubility in most common organic solvents. The present contribution intends to review the most prominent A4 β-substituted ZnII porphyrins reported in the literature so far for application in DSSCs, focusing on the strategies employed to enhance the light harvesting capability of the dye and on a comparison with meso-substituted analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Di Carlo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, UdR INSTM Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Orbelli Biroli
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), SmartMatLab Centre, Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Pizzotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, UdR INSTM Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Tessore
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, UdR INSTM Milano, Milan, Italy
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Buene AF, Boholm N, Hagfeldt A, Hoff BH. Effect of furan π-spacer and triethylene oxide methyl ether substituents on performance of phenothiazine sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01720h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of three phenothiazine dyes inspired by literature dye EO3 improving absorption properties and photovoltaic performance in DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audun Formo Buene
- Department of Chemistry
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology
- NO-7491 Trondheim
- Norway
| | - Nanna Boholm
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus
- Denmark
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- Chemin des Alambics
- CH-1015 Lausanne
| | - Bård Helge Hoff
- Department of Chemistry
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology
- NO-7491 Trondheim
- Norway
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