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Ouellette ET, Brackbill IJ, Kynman AE, Christodoulou S, Maron L, Bergman RG, Arnold J. Triple Inverse Sandwich versus End-On Diazenido: Bonding Motifs across a Series of Rhenium-Lanthanide and -Actinide Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7177-7188. [PMID: 38598523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
While synthesizing a series of rhenium-lanthanide triple inverse sandwich complexes, we unexpectedly uncovered evidence for rare examples of end-on lanthanide dinitrogen coordination for certain heavy lanthanide elements as well as for uranium. We begin our report with the synthesis and characterization of a series of trirhenium triple inverse sandwich complexes with the early lanthanides, Ln[(μ-η5:η5-Cp)Re(BDI)]3(THF) (1-Ln, Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm; Cp = cyclopentadienide, BDI = N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3,5-dimethyl-β-diketiminate). However, as we moved across the lanthanide series, we ran into an unexpected result for gadolinium in which we structurally characterized two products for gadolinium, namely, 1-Gd (analogous to 1-Ln) and a diazenido dirhenium double inverse sandwich complex Gd[(μ-η1:η1-N2)Re(η5-Cp)(BDI)][(μ-η5:η5-Cp)Re(BDI)]2(THF)2 (2-Gd). Evidence for analogues of 2-Gd was spectroscopically observed for other heavy lanthanides (2-Ln, Ln = Tb, Dy, Er), and, in the case of 2-Er, structurally authenticated. These complexes represent the first observed examples of heterobimetallic end-on lanthanide dinitrogen coordination. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were utilized to probe relevant bonding interactions and reveal energetic differences between both the experimental and putative 1-Ln and 2-Ln complexes. We also present additional examples of novel end-on heterobimetallic lanthanide and actinide diazenido moieties in the erbium-rhenium complex (η8-COT)Er[(μ-η1:η1-N2)Re(η5-Cp)(BDI)](THF)(Et2O) (3-Er) and uranium-rhenium complex [Na(2.2.2-cryptand)][(η5-C5H4SiMe3)3U(μ-η1:η1-N2)Re(η5-Cp)(BDI)] (4-U). Finally, we expand the scope of rhenium inverse sandwich coordination by synthesizing divalent double inverse sandwich complex Yb[(μ-η5:η5-Cp)Re(BDI)]2(THF)2 (5-Yb), as well as base-free, homoleptic rhenium-rare earth triple inverse sandwich complex Y[(μ-η5:η5-Cp)Re(BDI)]3 (6-Y).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik T Ouellette
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - I Joseph Brackbill
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Amy E Kynman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stella Christodoulou
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Robert G Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Laqua H, Kussmann J, Ochsenfeld C. Accelerating seminumerical Fock-exchange calculations using mixed single- and double-precision arithmethic. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:214116. [PMID: 34240990 DOI: 10.1063/5.0045084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the applicability of single-precision (fp32) floating point operations within our linear-scaling, seminumerical exchange method sn-LinK [Laqua et al., J. Chem. Theory Comput. 16, 1456 (2020)] and find that the vast majority of the three-center-one-electron (3c1e) integrals can be computed with reduced numerical precision with virtually no loss in overall accuracy. This leads to a near doubling in performance on central processing units (CPUs) compared to pure fp64 evaluation. Since the cost of evaluating the 3c1e integrals is less significant on graphic processing units (GPUs) compared to CPU, the performance gains from accelerating 3c1e integrals alone is less impressive on GPUs. Therefore, we also investigate the possibility of employing only fp32 operations to evaluate the exchange matrix within the self-consistent-field (SCF) followed by an accurate one-shot evaluation of the exchange energy using mixed fp32/fp64 precision. This still provides very accurate (1.8 µEh maximal error) results while providing a sevenfold speedup on a typical "gaming" GPU (GTX 1080Ti). We also propose the use of incremental exchange-builds to further reduce these errors. The proposed SCF scheme (i-sn-LinK) requires only one mixed-precision exchange matrix calculation, while all other exchange-matrix builds are performed with only fp32 operations. Compared to pure fp64 evaluation, this leads to 4-7× speedups for the whole SCF procedure without any significant deterioration of the results or the convergence behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk Laqua
- Department of Chemistry, Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Jörg Kussmann
- Department of Chemistry, Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Christian Ochsenfeld
- Department of Chemistry, Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), D-81377 München, Germany
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Abstract
AbstractThe totally symmetric stretching mode $$\nu_{1}$$ν1 Ln–(OH2) of the first hydration shells of all the rare earth (RE) ions across the series from lanthanum to lutetium has been measured on dilute aqueous perchlorate solutions at room temperature. An S-shaped relationship has been found between the $$\nu_{1}$$ν1 Ln–(OH2) peak positions and the Ln–(OH2) bond distances of the lanthanide(III) aqua ions. While the light rare earth ions form nona-hydrates, the heavy ones form octa-hydrates and the rare earth ions in the middle of the series show non integer hydration numbers between 9 and 8. A relationship between wavenumber positions $$\nu_{1}$$ν1 Ln–(OH2) and the Ln–(OH2) bond distances of the RE hydrates has been given. Recent quantum mechanical calculations support the given interpretation.
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Zabiszak M, Nowak M, Hnatejko Z, Grajewski J, Ogawa K, Kaczmarek MT, Jastrzab R. Thermodynamic and Spectroscopic Studies of the Complexes Formed in Tartaric Acid and Lanthanide(III) Ions Binary Systems. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051121. [PMID: 32138188 PMCID: PMC7179146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Binary complexes of tartaric acid with lanthanide(III) ions were investigated. The studies have been performed in aqueous solution using the potentiometric method with computer analysis of the data for detection of the complexes set, determination of the stability constants of these compounds. The mode of the coordination of complexes found was determined using spectroscopy, which shows: Infrared, circular dichroism, ultraviolet, visible as well as luminescence spectroscopy. The overall stability constants of the complexes as well as the equilibrium constants of the reaction were determined. Analysis of the equilibrium constants of the reactions and spectroscopic data allowed the effectiveness of the carboxyl groups in the process of complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Zabiszak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (M.N.); (Z.H.); (J.G.); (M.T.K.); (R.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-618-291-627
| | - Martyna Nowak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (M.N.); (Z.H.); (J.G.); (M.T.K.); (R.J.)
| | - Zbigniew Hnatejko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (M.N.); (Z.H.); (J.G.); (M.T.K.); (R.J.)
| | - Jakub Grajewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (M.N.); (Z.H.); (J.G.); (M.T.K.); (R.J.)
| | - Kazuma Ogawa
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Ishikawa, Poland;
| | - Malgorzata T. Kaczmarek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (M.N.); (Z.H.); (J.G.); (M.T.K.); (R.J.)
| | - Renata Jastrzab
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (M.N.); (Z.H.); (J.G.); (M.T.K.); (R.J.)
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New Insights in the Hydrothermal Synthesis of Rare-Earth Carbonates. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12132062. [PMID: 31252523 PMCID: PMC6651494 DOI: 10.3390/ma12132062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The rare-earth carbonates represent a class of materials with great research interest owing to their intrinsic properties and because they can be used as template materials for the formation of other rare earth phases, particularly of rare-earth oxides. However, most of the literature is focused on the synthesis and characterization of hydroxycarbonates. Conversely, in the present study we have synthesized both rare-earth carbonates—with the chemical formula RE2(CO3)3·2-3H2O, in which RE represents a generic rare-earth element, and a tengerite-type structure with a peculiar morphology—and rare-earth hydroxycarbonates with the chemical formula RECO3OH, by hydrothermal treatment at low temperature (120 °C), using metal nitrates and ammonium carbonates as raw materials, and without using any additive or template. We found that the nature of the rare-earth used plays a crucial role in relation to the formed phases, as predicted by the contraction law of lanthanides. In particular, the hydrothermal synthesis of rare-earth carbonates with a tengerite-type structure was obtained for the lanthanides from neodymium to erbium. A possible explanation of the different behaviors of lighter and heavier rare-earths is given.
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