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Kainat SF, Hawsawi MB, Mughal EU, Naeem N, Almohyawi AM, Altass HM, Hussein EM, Sadiq A, Moussa Z, Abd-El-Aziz AS, Ahmed SA. Recent developments in the synthesis and applications of terpyridine-based metal complexes: a systematic review. RSC Adv 2024; 14:21464-21537. [PMID: 38979466 PMCID: PMC11228761 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04119d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Terpyridine-based metal complexes have emerged as versatile and indispensable building blocks in the realm of modern chemistry, offering a plethora of applications spanning from materials science to catalysis and beyond. This comprehensive review article delves into the multifaceted world of terpyridine complexes, presenting an overview of their synthesis, structural diversity, and coordination chemistry principles. Focusing on their diverse functionalities, we explore their pivotal roles in catalysis, supramolecular chemistry, luminescent materials, and nanoscience. Furthermore, we highlight the burgeoning applications of terpyridine complexes in sustainable energy technologies, biomimetic systems, and medicinal chemistry, underscoring their remarkable adaptability to address pressing challenges in these fields. By elucidating the pivotal role of terpyridine complexes as versatile building blocks, this review provides valuable insights into their current state-of-the-art applications and future potential, thus inspiring continued innovation and exploration in this exciting area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed B Hawsawi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nafeesa Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat Gujrat-50700 Pakistan
| | - Abdulaziz M Almohyawi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem M Altass
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam M Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University 71516 Assiut Egypt
| | - Amina Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University Sialkot-51300 Pakistan
| | - Ziad Moussa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University P.O. Box 15551 Al Ain United Arab Emirates
| | - Alaa S Abd-El-Aziz
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Centre, Harbin Engineering University Qingdao 266400 China
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
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Bazi M, Bracciotti E, Fioravanti L, Marchetti F, Rancan M, Armelao L, Samaritani S, Labella L. Mononuclear Rare-Earth Metalloligands Exploiting a Divergent Ligand. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7678-7691. [PMID: 38623915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Rare-earth tris-diketonato [RE(dike)3pyterpy] metalloligands can be prepared reacting at room temperature [RE(dike)3dme] (dme = 1,2-dimethoxyethane; dike = tta with Htta = 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone and RE = La, 1; Y, 2; Eu, 3; Dy, 4; or dike = hfac with Hhfac hexafluoroacetylacetone, and RE = Eu, 5; Tb, 6; Yb 7) with 4'-(4‴-pyridil)-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine (pyterpy). The molecular structures of 1, 5, 6, and 7 have been studied through single-crystal X-ray diffraction showing mononuclear neutral complexes with the rare-earth ion in coordination number nine and with a muffin-like coordination geometry. [RE(tta)3pyterpy] promptly reacts with [M(tta)2dme] with formation of [Mpyterpy2][RE(tta)4]2 (M = Zn, RE = Y, 8; M = Co, RE = Dy, 9). Consistently, [Zn(hfac)2dme] reacts at room temperature with 2 equiv of pyterpy yielding [Znpyterpy2][hfac]2 10 that easily can be transformed by reaction with 2 equiv of [Eu(hfac)3] in [Znpyterpy2][Eu(hfac)4]2 11 that has been structurally characterized. Finally, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 metalloligands react at room temperature in few minutes with [PtCl(μ-Cl)PPh3]2 yielding the heterometallic molecular complexes [RE(dike)3pyterpyPtCl2PPh3] (dike = tta, RE = La, 12; Y, 13; Eu; 14; dike = hfac, RE = Eu, 15; Yb, 16).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bazi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and CIRCC, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Bracciotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and CIRCC, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fioravanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and CIRCC, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and CIRCC, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marzio Rancan
- CNR ICMATE and INSTM, c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lidia Armelao
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche and CIRCC, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- CNR DSCTM, Piazzale A. Moro 7, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Simona Samaritani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and CIRCC, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Labella
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and CIRCC, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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Maroń AM, Cannelli O, Socie EC, Lodowski P, Machura B. Push-Pull Effect of Terpyridine Substituted by Triphenylamine Motive—Impact of Viscosity, Polarity and Protonation on Molecular Optical Properties. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207071. [PMID: 36296665 PMCID: PMC9606908 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of an electron-donating triphenylamine motive into a 2,2′,6′,2′′-terpyridine (terpy) moiety, a cornerstone molecular unit in coordination chemistry, opens new ways for a rational design of photophysical properties of organic and inorganic compounds. A push-pull compound, 4′-(4-(di(4-tert-butylphenyl)amine)phenyl)-2,2′,6′,2′′-terpyridine (tBuTPAterpy), was thoroughly investigated with the use of steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopies and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Our results demonstrate that solvent parameters have an enormous influence on the optical properties of this molecule, acting as knobs for external control of its photophysics. The Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT) process introduces a remarkable solvent polarity effect on the emission spectra without affecting the lowest absorption band, as confirmed by DFT simulations, including solvation effects. The calculations ascribe the lowest absorption transitions to two singlet ICT excited states, S1 and S2, with S1 having several orders of magnitude higher oscillator strength than the “dark” S2 state. Temperature and viscosity investigations suggest the existence of two emitting excited states with different structural conformations. The phosphorescence emission band observed at 77 K is assigned to a localized 3terpy state. Finally, protonation studies show that tBuTPAterpy undergoes a reversible process, making it a promising probe of the pH level in the context of acidity determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Maroń
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.M.M.); (O.C.)
| | - Oliviero Cannelli
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy (LSU), Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (A.M.M.); (O.C.)
| | - Etienne Christophe Socie
- Photochemical Dynamics Group, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Lodowski
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Barbara Machura
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
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Maroń AM, Palion-Gazda J, Szłapa-Kula A, Schab-Balcerzak E, Siwy M, Sulowska K, Maćkowski S, Machura B. Controlling of Photophysical Behavior of Rhenium(I) Complexes with 2,6-Di(thiazol-2-yl)pyridine-Based Ligands by Pendant π-Conjugated Aryl Groups. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911019. [PMID: 36232327 PMCID: PMC9569785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure–property correlations and control of electronic excited states in transition metal complexes (TMCs) are of high significance for TMC-based functional material development. Within these studies, a series of Re(I) carbonyl complexes with aryl-substituted 2,6-di(thiazol-2-yl)pyridines (Arn-dtpy) was synthesized, and their ground- and excited-state properties were investigated. A number of condensed aromatic rings, which function as the linking mode of the aryl substituent, play a fundamental role in controlling photophysics of the resulting [ReCl(CO)3(Arn-dtpy-κ2N)]. Photoexcitation of [ReCl(CO)3(Arn-dtpy-κ2N)] with 1-naphthyl-, 2-naphthyl-, 9-phenanthrenyl leads to the population of 3MLCT. The lowest triplet state of Re(I) chromophores bearing 9-anthryl, 2-anthryl, 1-pyrenyl groups is ligand localized. The rhenium(I) complex with appended 1-pyrenyl group features long-lived room temperature emission attributed to the equilibrium between 3MLCT and 3IL/3ILCT. The excited-state dynamics in complexes [ReCl(CO)3(9-anthryl-dtpy-κ2N)] and [ReCl(CO)3(2-anthryl-dtpy-κ2N)] is strongly dependent on the electronic coupling between anthracene and {ReCl(CO)3(dtpy-κ2N)}. Less steric hindrance between the chromophores in [ReCl(CO)3(2-anthryl-dtpy-κ2N)] is responsible for the faster formation of 3IL/3ILCT and larger contribution of 3ILCTanthracene→dtpy in relation to the isomeric complex [ReCl(CO)3(9-anthryl-dtpy-κ2N)]. In agreement with stronger electronic communication between the aryl and Re(I) coordination centre, [ReCl(CO)3(2-anthryl-dtpy-κ2N)] displays room-temperature emission contributed to by 3MLCT and 3ILanthracene/3ILCTanthracene→dtpy phosphorescence. The latter presents rarely observed phenomena in luminescent metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Maroń
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.M.M.); (B.M.); Tel.: +48-3-2359-1627 (A.M.M. & B.M.)
| | - Joanna Palion-Gazda
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Agata Szłapa-Kula
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowska 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Mariola Siwy
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowska 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Karolina Sulowska
- Nanophotonics Group, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Sebastian Maćkowski
- Nanophotonics Group, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Barbara Machura
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.M.M.); (B.M.); Tel.: +48-3-2359-1627 (A.M.M. & B.M.)
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Doistau B, Jiménez JR, Lawson Daku LM, Piguet C. Complex-as-Ligand Strategy as a Tool for the Design of a Binuclear Nonsymmetrical Chromium(III) Assembly: Near-Infrared Double Emission and Intramolecular Energy Transfer. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:11023-11031. [PMID: 35820089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The chromium(III) polypyridyl complexes are appealing for their long-lived near-infrared (NIR) emission reaching the millisecond range and for the strong circularly polarized luminescence of their isolated enantiomers. However, harnessing those properties in functional polynuclear CrIII devices remains mainly inaccessible because of the lack of synthetic methods for their design and functionalization. Even the preparation and investigation of most basic nonsymmetrical CrIII dyads exhibiting directional intramolecular intermetallic energy transfer remain unexplored. Taking advantage of the inertness of heteroleptic chromium(III) polypyridyl building blocks, we herein adapt the "complex-as-ligand" strategy, largely used with precious 4d and 5d metals, for the preparation of a binuclear nonsymmetrical CrIII complex (3d metal). The resulting [(phen)2Cr(L)Cr(tpy)]6+ dyad shows dual long-lived NIR emission and a directional intermetallic energy transfer that is controlled by the specific arrangements of the different coordination spheres. This strategy opens a route for building predetermined polynuclear assemblies with this earth-abundant metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Doistau
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Juan-Ramón Jiménez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Granada and "Unidad de Excelencia en Química", Avenida Fuentenueva, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Latévi Max Lawson Daku
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Claude Piguet
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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6
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Remarkably flexible 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridines and their group 8–10 transition metal complexes – Chemistry and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Zeghouan O, Mahesha, Sellami S, Kashi I, Bouchameni C, Lokanath N. Analysis of structural conformation and supramolecular self-assembly of novel oxalate-bridged tetranuclear Cu(II) complex by combined crystallographic and computational studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Liu C, Zhou L, Cao S, Zhang H, Han J, Liu Z. Supramolecular systems prepared using terpyridine-containing pillararene. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01397a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent progresses about the preparation of terpyridine-containing pillararene, as well as the utilization of those building blocks for making external stimulud-responsive supramolecular systems were summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Le Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Shuai Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Huacheng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Jie Han
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Energy), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhaona Liu
- Medical School, Xi'an Peihua University, Xi'an 710125, Shaanxi, China
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9
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Andrikopoulos K, Anastasopoulos C, Kallitsis JK, Andreopoulou AK. Bis-Tridendate Ir(III) Polymer-Metallocomplexes: Hybrid, Main-Chain Polymer Phosphors for Orange-Red Light Emission. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2976. [PMID: 33322188 PMCID: PMC7764732 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, hybrid polymeric bis-tridentate iridium(III) complexes bearing derivatives of terpyridine (tpy) and 2,6-di(phenyl) pyridine as ligands were successfully synthesized and evaluated as red-light emitters. At first, the synthesis of small molecular bis-tridendate Ir(III) complexes bearing alkoxy-, methyl-, or hydroxy-functionalized terpyridines and a dihydroxyphenyl-pyridine moiety was accomplished. Molecular complexes bearing two polymerizable end-hydroxyl groups and methyl- or alkoxy-decorated terpyridines were copolymerized with difluorodiphenyl-sulphone under high temperature polyetherification conditions. Alternatively, the post-polymerization complexation of the terpyridine-iridium(III) monocomplexes onto the biphenyl-pyridine main chain homopolymer was explored. Both cases afforded solution-processable metallocomplex-polymers possessing the advantages of phosphorescent emitters in addition to high molecular weights and excellent film-forming ability via solution casting. The structural, optical, and electrochemical properties of the monomeric and polymeric heteroleptic iridium complexes were thoroughly investigated. The polymeric metallocomplexes were found to emit in the orange-red region (550-600 nm) with appropriate HOMO and LUMO levels to be used in conjunction with blue-emitting hosts. By varying the metal loading on the polymeric backbone, the emitter's specific emission maxima could be successfully tuned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Andrikopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, University Campus Rio-Patras, GR26504 Patras, Greece; (K.A.); (C.A.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Charalampos Anastasopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, University Campus Rio-Patras, GR26504 Patras, Greece; (K.A.); (C.A.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Joannis K. Kallitsis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, University Campus Rio-Patras, GR26504 Patras, Greece; (K.A.); (C.A.); (J.K.K.)
- Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), Platani Str., GR26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Aikaterini K. Andreopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, University Campus Rio-Patras, GR26504 Patras, Greece; (K.A.); (C.A.); (J.K.K.)
- Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), Platani Str., GR26504 Patras, Greece
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Rocco D, Prescimone A, Constable EC, Housecroft CE. Switching the Conformation of 3,2':6',3″-tpy Domains in 4'-(4- n-Alkyloxyphenyl)-3,2':6',3″-Terpyridines. Molecules 2020; 25:E3162. [PMID: 32664337 PMCID: PMC7397000 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation and characterization of 4'-(4-n-octyloxyphenyl)-3,2':6',3″-terpyridine (8) and 4'-(4-n-nonyloxyphenyl)-3,2':6',3″-terpyridine (9) are reported. The single crystal structures of 4'-(4-n-hexyloxyphenyl)-3,2':6',3″-terpyridine (6), 4'-(4-n-heptyloxyphenyl)-3,2':6',3″-terpyridine (7), and compounds 8 and 9 have been determined. The conformation of the 3,2':6',3″-tpy unit is trans,trans in 6 and 7, but switches to cis,trans in 8 and 9. This is associated with significant changes in the packing interactions with a more dominant role for van der Waals interactions between adjacent n-alkyloxy chains and C-Hmethylene... π interactions in 8 and 9. The solid-state structures of 6 and 7 with the n-hexyloxy and n-heptyloxy chains feature interwoven sheets of supramolecular assemblies of molecules, with pairs of n-alkyloxy chains threaded through cavities in an adjacent sheet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Catherine E. Housecroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland; (D.R.); (A.P.); (E.C.C.)
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11
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Galenko EE, Kryukova MA, Novikov MS, Khlebnikov AF. Synthesis of Bi-, Ter-, and Quaterpyridinecarboxylates via Propargylisoxazole-Pyridine Rearrangement. J Org Chem 2020; 85:6109-6122. [PMID: 32264675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A flexible method was developed for the synthesis of 2,2'-bi-, 2,2':6',2″-ter-, and 2,2':6',2'':6'',2‴-quaterpyridines containing a nicotinic acid moiety. The approach involves the Fe(II)/Au(I)-catalyzed rearrangement of key 4-propargylisoxazole building blocks bearing a pyrid-2-yl or quinolin-2-yl substituent at the 3-position and Pd(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina E Galenko
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Mariya A Kryukova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Mikhail S Novikov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Alexander F Khlebnikov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
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12
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Rocco D, Prescimone A, Constable EC, Housecroft CE. Directing 2D-Coordination Networks: Combined Effects of a Conformationally Flexible 3,2':6',3″-Terpyridine and Chain Length Variation in 4'-(4- n-Alkyloxyphenyl) Substituents. Molecules 2020; 25:E1663. [PMID: 32260325 PMCID: PMC7180911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of 4'-(4-n-propoxyphenyl)-3,2':6',3″-terpyridine is described. Five 2D-coordination networks have been isolated by crystal growth at room temperature from reactions of Co(NCS)2 with 4'-(4-n-alkyloxyphenyl)-3,2':6',3″-terpyridines in which the n-alkyl group is ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl and n-hexyl in ligands 2-6, respectively. The single-crystal structures of [{Co(2)2(NCS)2}.0.6CHCl3]n, [{Co(3)2(NCS)2}.4CHCl3.0.25H2O]n, [{Co(4)2(NCS)2}.4CHCl3]n, [Co2(5)4(NCS)4]n and [Co(6)2(NCS)2]n have been determined, and powder X-ray diffraction has demonstrated that the single-crystal structures are representative of the bulk materials. Each compound possesses a (4,4) net with Co centres as 4-connecting nodes. For the assemblies containing 2, 3 and 4, the (4,4) net comprises two geometrically different rhombuses, and the nets pack in an ABAB... arrangement with cone-like arrangements of n-alkyloxyphenyl groups being accommodated in a similar unit in an adjacent net. An increase in the n-alkyloxy chain length has two consequences: there is a change in the conformation of the 3,2':6',3″-tpy metal-binding domain, and the (4,4) net comprises identical rhombuses. Similarities and differences between the assemblies with ligands 2-6 and the previously reported [{Co(1)2(NCS)2}.3MeOH]n and [{Co(1)2(NCS)2}.2.2CHCl3]n in which 1 is 4'-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,2':6',3″-terpyridine are discussed. The results demonstrate the effects of combining a variable chain length in the 4'-(4-n-alkyloxyphenyl) substituents of 3,2':6',3″-tpy and a conformationally flexible 3,2':6',3″-tpy metal-binding domain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Catherine E. Housecroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland; (D.R.); (A.P.); (E.C.C.)
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13
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Anis-Ul-Haque KM, Woodward CE, Day AI, Wallace L. Interaction of the Large Host Q[10] with Metal Polypyridyl Complexes: Binding Modes and Effects on Luminescence. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:3942-3953. [PMID: 32125142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous solution state host-guest systems have been studied, comprising the large host cucurbit[10]uril with luminescent cationic tris(polypyridyl) (PP) metal complexes [Ru(PP)3]2+ and [Ir(PP)3]3+. All complexes bind strongly with the host, with the overall complex charge and size having a minor effect on affinity but influencing the association dynamics and contribution from higher-order (1:2) host-guest species. The 1:2 species contributes more significantly to the binding equilibrium in the case of [Ru(phen)3]2+. The effect of the host upon emission is highly variable and depends on the electronic structure of the guest. The metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) emission of [Ru(PP)3]2+ is strongly quenched, in contrast to the large enhancements seen previously for MLCT emission of iridium cyclometalated complexes, while the ligand-centered emission of [Ir(PP)3]3+ is little affected. The mechanisms of quenching and enhancement are discussed, together with the implications for the design of larger supramolecular assemblies based on these archetypal emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Anis-Ul-Haque
- School of Science, The University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Clifford E Woodward
- School of Science, The University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Anthony I Day
- School of Science, The University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Lynne Wallace
- School of Science, The University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
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